The Scarlet Letter — Page 13

Vocabulary

나는

na-neun — I (subject marker attached); first person pronoun

이

i — this; pronoun or determiner indicating proximity

근엄하고

geun-eomhago — being solemn and stern, dignified in manner

수염을

suyeom-eul — beard or mustache (object marker attached)

기르고

gireugo — growing or raising something, such as a beard

검은

geom-eun — black; dark-colored adjective modifying a noun

망토를

mangtо-reul — cloak or cape (object marker attached)

걸치고

geolchigo — wearing or draping something over oneself

뾰족한

ppyojokhan — pointed or sharp; describing a tapered shape

모자를

moja-reul — hat or cap (object marker attached)

쓴

sseun — wearing (a hat); past participial modifier form

선조

seonjo — ancestor or forefather from previous generations

덕분에

deokbune — thanks to; owing to someone's contribution or merit

이곳에

igose — in this place; at this location

거주할

geojuhal — to reside or dwell (future modifier form)

더

deo — more; greater degree comparative adverb

강한

ganghan — strong or powerful; describing force or intensity

권리를

gwollireul — right or entitlement (object marker attached)

가진

gajin — having or possessing something; past modifier form

것처럼

geotcheoreom — as if; like something; seeming comparison marker

보인다

boinda — appears or seems; looks like to observers

그는

geu-neun — he (subject marker attached); third person pronoun

일찍이

iljjigi — early on; at an early time in the past

성경과

seonggyeonggwa — Bible and; the Christian holy scripture with conjunction

검을

geom-eul — sword (object marker attached); bladed weapon

들고

deulgo — holding or carrying something in one's hand

찾아와

chajawa — came to find or visit; arrived seeking something

아직

ajik — still; yet; up to the present moment

닳지

dalji — worn down (negative form); not yet worn away

않은

aneun — not; negative modifier indicating absence of action

거리를

georireul — street or road (object marker attached)

당당한

dangdanghan — dignified, confident, and imposing in bearing

걸음으로

georeum-euro — with a step or stride; manner of walking

걷고

geotgo — walking; moving on foot (connective form)

전쟁과

jeonjaenggwa — war and; armed conflict with conjunction attached

평화의

pyeonghwa-ui — of peace; possessive form of peace

사람으로서

saram-euro-seo — as a person; in the capacity of a human

커다란

keodaran — large or great; sizeable and significant

족적을

jokjeog-eul — footprint or legacy; mark left behind by someone

남겼다

namgyeotda — left behind; bequeathed a mark or legacy

이름이

ireum-i — name (subject marker attached); one's given name

좀처럼

jomcheoreom — rarely; seldom; hardly ever occurring

들리지

deulliji — heard (negative connective); not being heard or known

않고

ankko — not doing and; negative connective linking clauses

얼굴도

eolguldo — face also; even the face (topic/also marker)

거의

geoui — almost; nearly; barely; mostly but not completely

알려지지

allyeojiji — not known or recognized; remaining obscure

나

na — I; me; first person singular pronoun

자신보다

jasinboda — than oneself; comparing to one's own self

군인이자

gunin-ija — soldier and also; military person with dual role

입법자이자

ipbeopja-ija — legislator and also; lawmaker with additional role

판사였으며

pansa-yeosseumyeo — was a judge and; judicial official connective form

교회의

gyohoe-ui — of the church; possessive relating to Christian church

지도자였고

jidoja-yeotgo — was a leader and; guide or head with connective

선하든

seonhadeun — whether good; regardless of being virtuous or not

악하든

akadeun — whether evil; regardless of being wicked or not

특성을

teukseong-eul — characteristic or trait (object marker attached)

모두

modu — all; every; entirely without exception

지니고

jinigo — possessing or carrying; holding a quality or item

있었다

isseotda — had; existed; past tense of existence or possession

또한

ttohan — also; furthermore; additionally in discourse

가혹한

gahokhan — harsh, cruel, or severe in treatment of others

박해자이기도

bakhae-ja-igido — also being a persecutor; one who oppresses others

했으니

haesseuni — did and so; because he did (causal connective)

이는

i-neun — this is; referring to the aforementioned topic

증명하는

jeungmyeonghaneun — proving or demonstrating; showing evidence of truth

바로

baro — exactly; precisely; right away; directly

그들은

geudeul-eun — they (topic marker); third person plural pronoun

자신들의

jasindeul-ui — their own; possessive reflexive plural form

역사

yeoksa — history; the recorded past of events or people

속에

soge — inside; within; in the interior of something

기억하며

gieokhamyeo — remembering and; recalling while doing something else

한

han — one; a certain; an indefinite article in Korean

여성에게

yeoseong-ege — to a woman; female person with dative marker

그가

geu-ga — he (subject marker); third person singular masculine

행한

haenghan — carried out or committed; past modifier of action

혹독한

hokdokhan — brutal, harsh, or severe; extremely cruel treatment

처사에

cheosa-e — regarding treatment or conduct; manner of dealing

관한

gwanhan — about or regarding; pertaining to a subject matter

사건을

sageon-eul — incident or case (object marker); an event or affair

전하는데

jeonhaneunde — transmitting or conveying (but); passing on information

그것이

geugeosi — that thing (subject marker); referring to prior event

비록

birok — although; even though; concessive conjunction

수많은

sumaneun — countless; very many; numerous in quantity

선한

seonhan — good or virtuous; morally upright and benevolent

행적의

haengjeok-ui — of deeds or conduct; possessive of one's actions

기록보다

girokboda — than the record; comparing to documented accounts

오래

orae — long time; for a long duration

남을

nameul — remaining or surviving (future modifier form)

것이

geosi — the thing that; nominalizer with subject marker

우려된다

uryeodoenda — is feared or worried about; cause for concern

아들

adeul — son; male offspring of a parent

역시

yeoksi — also; likewise; as expected; too

박해의

bakhae-ui — of persecution; possessive relating to oppression

정신을

jeongsin-eul — spirit or mindset (object marker); mental disposition

물려받아

mullyeobada — inherited; received by succession from a predecessor

마녀들의

manyeo-deul-ui — of the witches; possessive plural of witch

순교에

sun-gyo-e — regarding martyrdom; death for religious belief

있어

isseo — in; as for; existing within a context

너무나

neomuna — so very much; excessively; to a great degree

두드러진

dudureojin — prominent or conspicuous; standing out noticeably

역할을

yeokhal-eul — role or part (object marker); function one performs

하여

hayeo — doing; having done; connective causative form

피가

pi-ga — blood (subject marker); life fluid with subject marker

그에게

geu-ege — to him; dative marker directed at third person

얼룩을

eollug-eul — stain or blot (object marker); a mark of guilt

남겼다고

namgyeotdago — said to have left behind; reported past legacy

해도

haedo — even if one says; concessive conditional form

과언이

gwaeon-i — exaggeration (subject marker); overstatement of truth

아니다

anida — is not; negation copula; denial of a state

실로

sillo — truly; indeed; verily; emphatic adverb

깊은

gipeun — deep; profound; far below the surface

얼룩이어서

eollugi-eoseo — because it is a stain; causal form of stain

묘지에

myoji-e — at the cemetery; graveyard location marker

있는

inneun — existing or located; present participial modifier

오래되고

oraedoego — old and; having existed for a long time

메마른

memareun — dry or withered; parched and lacking moisture

뼈들이

ppyeo-deuri — bones (subject marker); skeletal remains plural

완전히

wanjeonhi — completely; entirely; fully without remainder

먼지로

meonjiro — into dust; transforming into fine particles

부서지지

buseojiji — crumbled (negative form); not yet broken apart

않았다면

anassda-myeon — if had not; contrary-to-fact conditional past form

아직도

ajikdo — still even now; up to this present moment

간직하고

ganjikago — keeping or preserving; holding something safely within

있을

isseul — would be; future or hypothetical existence form

것이다

geosida — it is that; nominal predicate sentence ending

나의

na-ui — my; possessive first person singular pronoun

선조들이

seonjo-deuri — ancestors (subject marker); forefathers plural form

스스로

seuseuro — by oneself; on one's own; self-initiated action

뉘우치고

nwiuchigo — repenting and; feeling remorse for past wrongdoing

잔인함에

janinham-e — regarding cruelty; brutality with locative marker

대해

daehae — about; concerning; regarding a particular topic

하늘에

haneul-e — to heaven; sky or heaven with locative marker

용서를

yongseo-reul — forgiveness (object marker); pardon for wrongdoing

구할

guhal — to seek or request (future modifier form)

생각을

saengak-eul — thought or idea (object marker); mental consideration

했는지

haeneunji — whether they did; indirect question past form

아니면

animyeon — or else; if not; alternative conjunction

지금

jigeum — now; at the present moment in time

다른

dareun — different or other; another kind or type

존재의

jonjae-ui — of existence; possessive relating to being or state

상태에서

sangtae-eseo — from or in a state or condition of being

무거운

mugeo-un — heavy or burdensome; weighty in feeling or gravity

결과

gyeolgwa — result or consequence; outcome of an action

아래

arae — under; below; beneath a level or condition

신음하고

sineumhago — groaning and; suffering with audible pain or anguish

있는지

inneunji — whether existing; indirect question existence form

알지

alji — knowing (negative connective); whether one knows

못한다

motanda — cannot; unable to do; expressing incapability