The Scarlet Letter — Page 14

Vocabulary

어찌

eojji — How, why; used to express wonder or reproach

되었든

doeeotdeun — Regardless of how it turned out; whatever the case

나

na — I, me; first-person singular pronoun

현재의

hyeonjaeui — Of the present; current, existing now

이

i — This; demonstrative pronoun indicating something nearby

글쓴이는

geulsseunieneun — As for the author; the person who wrote this

그들의

geudeului — Their; possessive form of 'they/them'

대표자로서

daepyojaroseo — As a representative; acting on behalf of others

이로써

irosseo — Hereby, with this; by means of this action

그들을

geudeureul — Them; object form of the third-person plural pronoun

위해

wihae — For the sake of; in order to benefit someone

스스로

seuseuro — By oneself; on one's own, independently

부끄러움을

bukkeureoumeul — Shame, embarrassment; feeling of being ashamed

짊어지며

jilmeojimyeo — While bearing or shouldering a burden on oneself

그들이

geudeuri — They; subject form of the third-person plural pronoun

받은

badeun — Received; past modifier form of 'to receive'

저주가

jeojuga — A curse; a hex or malediction placed on someone

내가

naega — I (subject marker attached); emphatic first-person subject

들은

deureun — Heard; past modifier of 'to hear or listen'

그리고

geurigo — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses together

오랜

oraen — Long, longtime; describing a lengthy period of time

세월에

sewore — Over years; referring to the passage of time

걸쳐

geolchyeo — Spanning, extending across; covering a range or period

이어진

ieojin — Connected, continued; that which has been carried on

가문의

gamunui — Of the family clan; belonging to a family lineage

음울하고

eumulhago — Gloomy and; describing a dark, somber atmosphere or mood

불운한

burунhan — Unlucky, unfortunate; marked by bad luck or misfortune

처지가

cheojiga — Situation, circumstance; one's position or predicament in life

그

geu — That, the; definite article-like demonstrative for something distant

존재를

jonjaerul — Existence, being; the fact of something existing

암시하듯

amsihadeut — As if hinting; suggesting or implying something indirectly

이제부터

ijebuteo — From now on; starting from this moment forward

영원히

yeongwonhi — Eternally, forever; for all time without end

해소되기를

haesodoegirul — To be resolved, lifted; hoping something is dissolved or cleared

기도한다

gidohanda — Prays; to offer a prayer or earnest wish

그러나

geureona — However, but; conjunction indicating contrast or contradiction

의심할

uisimhal — To doubt; to question or be uncertain about something

여지

yeoji — Room, leeway; space or possibility for something to occur

없이

eopsi — Without; lacking something entirely, in the absence of

엄격하고

eomgyeokhago — Strict and; describing a rigid, stern attitude or standard

눈썹이

nunsseopi — Eyebrows; the hair above the eyes (subject form)

짙은

jiteun — Thick, dark, dense; describing heavily pigmented or dense features

청교도들

cheonggyododeul — Puritans; strict Protestant religious reformers of early America

중

jung — Among, in the middle of; within a group or set

어느

eoneu — Which, any; used to indicate an unspecified one

쪽이든

jjogideun — Whichever side; regardless of which direction or party

그토록

geutorok — So much, to such a degree; indicating an extreme extent

세월이

sewori — The years, time; passage of time as a subject

흐른

heuреун — Flowed, passed; describing time or water that has elapsed

뒤

dwi — After, behind; following in time or space

유서

yuseo — Long-established history; also means a will or testament

깊은

gipeun — Deep; having great depth, intensity, or profundity

이끼가

ikkiga — Moss; small green plant growing on damp surfaces (subject)

잔뜩

jantteuk — A lot, fully; completely covered or filled with something

낀

kkin — Lodged, caught, covered; something stuck or accumulated on a surface

오래된

oraedoen — Old, aged; something that has existed for a long time

줄기가

julgiga — Trunk, stem; the main body of a tree or plant

같은

gateun — Same, like; identical or similar in nature or quality

게으름뱅이를

geeureuмbaengirul — A lazybones, idler; a person who avoids work habitually

꼭대기

kkokdaegi — Top, summit; the highest point of something

가지로

gajiro — With a branch; referring to a tree branch or offshoot

달고

dalgo — Hanging and; bearing or carrying something attached

있다는

itdaneun — That it exists/has; reported or quoted existence of something

사실을

sasireul — The fact; an objective truth or reality (object form)

자신의

jasinui — One's own; belonging to oneself, self-possessive form

죄에

joee — For the sin; regarding one's wrongdoing or transgression

대한

daehan — Regarding, about; concerning a particular subject or matter

충분한

chungbunhan — Sufficient, enough; adequate in amount or degree

응보라고

eungboraго — Calling it retribution; just punishment or consequence for wrongdoing

여겼을

yeogieosseul — Would have considered; past supposition of viewing something a certain way

것이다

geosida — It is the case that; declarative sentence-ending expressing certainty

소중히

sojunghi — Preciously, dearly; treating something with great care and value

품어온

pumeon — Have cherished, harbored; held something dear over time

어떤

eotteon — Any, some kind of; an unspecified or particular type

목표도

mokpyodo — Even a goal; any objective or aim whatsoever

그들은

geudeureun — They (topic); third-person plural as the topic of discussion

칭찬할

chingchanhal — To praise; worthy of commendation or favorable comment

만한

manhan — Worth, deserving; something that merits a certain quality

것으로

geoseuro — As something; treated or regarded in a particular manner

인정하지

injeonghaji — Not acknowledge; to refuse to recognize or admit something

않았을

anasseul — Would not have; negative past supposition form

나의

naui — My; first-person singular possessive form

성공도

seonggongdo — Even success; one's achievement or accomplishment included

만약

manyak — If, supposing; conditional conjunction introducing a hypothetical

내

nae — My; contracted possessive of first-person singular

삶이

salmi — Life (subject); one's existence or way of living

가정의

gajeongui — Of the household, family; relating to domestic life

울타리를

ultarirul — A fence, boundary; barrier enclosing a home or space

넘어

neomeo — Beyond, over; crossing past a limit or boundary

성공으로

seonggongeuro — With success; through or by means of achievement

빛난

bitnan — Shone, gleamed; to have shined or stood out brilliantly

적이

jeogi — Experience of; ever having done something (experiential marker)

있다

itda — To exist, to have; basic verb of existence or possession

해도

haedo — Even if; concessive conjunction meaning 'even though or even if'

그것을

geugеосeul — It (object); referring to a previously mentioned thing

무가치한

mugachihan — Worthless, valueless; lacking any worth or significance

아니

ani — No, not; negation or correction of a previous statement

오히려

ohiryeo — Rather, on the contrary; indicating an opposite or stronger case

수치스러운

suchiseuroun — Shameful, disgraceful; causing a sense of deep shame

그는

geuneun — He (topic); third-person singular male as topic of sentence

무엇을

mueoseul — What (object); asking about the identity of something

하는

haneun — Doing; present modifier form of the verb 'to do'

사람인가

saraminga — Is this person?; questioning what kind of person someone is

조상들

josangdeul — Ancestors; forebears or predecessors of a family lineage

한

han — One; a numeral or modifier meaning 'a certain one'

희미한

huimihan — Faint, dim; barely visible or vaguely perceptible

그림자가

geurimjaga — A shadow (subject); the dark silhouette cast by an object

다른

dareun — Different, other; another or distinct from what was mentioned

중얼거린다

jungeolgeorinda — Mutters, mumbles; speaking in a low indistinct voice

이야기책을

iyagichaekeul — A storybook (object); a book containing stories or tales

쓰는

sseuneun — Writing; present modifier of 'to write'

그게

geuge — That thing; colloquial contraction of '그것이 (that is)'

대체

daeche — On earth, at all; intensifier expressing frustration or disbelief

삶의

salmui — Of life; possessive form relating to one's existence

직업이란

jigeobiран — What is called an occupation; questioning the validity of a profession

말인가

malinga — Is that to say?; rhetorical question expressing disbelief

하나님을

hananimеул — God (object); referring to the Christian God as object

영화롭게

yeonghwaropge — Gloriously; in a manner that brings glory or honor

하거나

hageona — Do or; presenting one alternative action among options

시대와

sidaewa — With the era; alongside the age or generation

세대에

sedaee — To the generation; referring to a particular age group

인류에게

illyuege — To humanity; directed toward all of humankind

봉사하는

bongsahaneun — Serving; present modifier of 'to serve or volunteer'

방식이

bangisigi — A way, method (subject); an approach or manner of doing

될

doel — Will become; future modifier form of 'to become'

수

su — Possibility; ability or potential to do something

차라리

charari — Rather, preferably; indicating a better alternative

타락한

tarakhan — Corrupted, depraved; morally fallen or degraded

녀석은

nyeosegeun — That fellow (topic); informal term for a guy or rascal

바이올린이나

baiollinina — A violin or; suggesting fiddle-playing as a lesser alternative

켜는

kyeoneun — Playing (strings); present modifier of playing a string instrument

사람이

sarami — A person (subject); someone who does a particular thing

되었더라면

doeeotdeoramyeon — If only he had become; contrary-to-fact past conditional form

나을

naеul — Better; comparative form indicating something preferable

뻔했군

ppeonhaetgun — It nearly happened; expression of something that almost occurred

이것이

igeosi — This (subject); referring to the thing just mentioned

바로

baro — Exactly, right; emphasizing directness or precision

시간의

siganui — Of time; relating to or belonging to time

심연을

simyeoneul — An abyss (object); a deep chasm or bottomless depth

사이에

saie — In between; in the space separating two things or people

두고

Placing, with in between; setting something at a distance

증조부들과

jeungjobуdeulgwa — With great-grandfathers; referring to ancestors two generations back

주고받는

jugobadneun — Exchanging; giving and receiving mutually between parties

찬사들이다

chansadeurida — These are the compliments; words of praise exchanged between parties

그럼에도

geureomedo — Nevertheless, even so; despite what has been said

불구하고

bulguhago — In spite of; regardless of a negative circumstance

아무리

amuri — No matter how; regardless of the degree or extent

나를

nareul — Me (object); first-person singular as the object of a verb

경멸할지라도

gyeongmyeolhaljirago — Even if one despises; regardless of contempt or scorn shown

본성

bonseong — Nature, innate character; one's inherent qualities or disposition

강렬한

gangnyeolhan — Intense, strong; describing a powerful or vivid quality

특질들은

teukjildeureun — The traits (topic); distinctive characteristics as the topic

깊이

gipi — Deeply; to a great depth or profound degree

얽혀

eolkyeo — Entangled, intertwined; intricately mixed or bound together