The Scarlet Letter — Page 2

Vocabulary

บทร่าง

bot raang — Draft or preliminary version of a written text

นั้น

nan — That; refers to something previously mentioned

อาจ

aat — Might; expressing possibility or uncertainty

จะ

ja — Will; future tense marker in Thai

ถูก

thuuk — To be; passive marker or correct/cheap

ละเว้น

la wen — To omit, skip, or leave something out

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All; everything; the entirety of something

ก็

ko — Also; then; particle indicating logical consequence

ได้

dai — Can; to be able to; past marker

โดย

doi — By; through; indicating means or agency

ไม่

mai — Not; negation particle in Thai sentences

ก่อ

ko — To cause; to build up or create something

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative verb marker

เกิด

koet — To occur; to be born; to happen

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizer prefix expressing abstract concepts

สูญเสีย

suun sia — To lose; to suffer loss of something valuable

แก่

kae — To; for; indicating recipient or beneficiary

สาธารณชน

saa thaa ra na chon — The general public; society at large

หรือ

rue — Or; used to present alternatives or ask questions

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state

โทษ

thot — Punishment; penalty; harm or blame

หนังสือ

nang sue — Book; written document or publication

เล่ม

lem — Classifier for books, volumes, or bladed objects

นี้

nii — This; refers to something nearby or just mentioned

แต่

tae — But; however; indicating contrast or exception

อย่าง

yaang — Kind; type; manner or way of doing something

ใด

dai — Any; which; used in questions or indefinite reference

เมื่อ

muea — When; at the time that something happened

รับ

rap — To receive; to accept something given

หน้าที่

naa thii — Duty; responsibility; assigned role or task

เขียน

khian — To write; to compose text or draw

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for things or animals

ขึ้น

khuen — Up; to rise; directional particle upward

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating toward speaker

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; indicating completed action

เขา

khao — He; she; they; third person pronoun

เชื่อ

chuea — To believe; to trust someone or something

ว่า

waa — That; to say; complementizer introducing reported speech

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action

ดี

dii — Good; well; of positive quality or character

กว่า

kwaa — More than; comparative particle in Thai

ด้วย

duai — With; also; by means of something

จิตใจ

jit jai — Mind; heart; one's inner feelings and spirit

ที่

thii — At; place; relative pronoun or location marker

เมตตา

met taa — Loving kindness; compassion toward all beings

กรุณา

ka ru naa — Kindness; please; compassionate consideration for others

และ

lae — And; connecting words or clauses together

ตราบ

traap — As long as; until a certain point in time

เท่า

thao — Equal; as much as; to the extent of

สามารถ

saa maat — Can; to be capable or able to do

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive marker in Thai

เอื้อ

uea — To be conducive; to support or facilitate something

อำนวย

am nuai — To facilitate; to enable or provide convenience

ถ่ายทอด

thaai thot — To transmit; to convey or pass knowledge along

จริง

jing — True; real; genuine or actually the case

มี

mii — To have; there is; indicating existence or possession

ชีวิต

chii wit — Life; one's existence or living experience

ชีวา

chii waa — Vitality; liveliness; vibrant quality of life

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more; increasingly; intensifying comparative particle

ดังนั้น

dang nan — Therefore; thus; as a result of that

ผู้

phuu — Person who; one who; nominalizer for agents

จึง

jueng — Therefore; consequently; so then as a result

จำเป็น

jam pen — Necessary; essential; must be done

ต้อง

tong — Must; have to; indicating obligation or necessity

ตีพิมพ์

tii phim — To publish; to print a book or article

บท

bot — Chapter; lesson; section of a text

นำ

nam — To lead; to introduce; to bring forward

ร่าง

raang — Draft; outline; rough version of a document

ตน

ton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to self

ซ้ำ

sam — Again; repeated; doing something once more

อีก

iik — More; another; additionally once more

ครั้ง

khrang — Time; occasion; classifier for occurrences or instances

เปลี่ยนแปลง

plian plaeng — To change; to alter or transform something

แม้

mae — Even though; although; concessive conjunction

คำ

kham — Word; utterance; classifier for spoken words

เดียว

diao — Single; alone; only one of something

มีนาคม

mii naa khom — March; the third month of the year

ค.ศ.

kho so — AD; abbreviation for the Common Era year

สารบัญ

saa ra ban — Table of contents; index of a book

ศุลกาคาร

sun la kaa khaan — Customhouse; building for processing customs duties

จดหมาย

jot maai — Letter; written correspondence sent to someone

สี

sii — Color; hue; shade of something visible

แดง

daeng — Red; the color red

เลือด

lueat — Blood; the red fluid in living bodies

ประตู

pra tuu — Door; gate; entrance to a building or area

คุก

khuk — Prison; jail; place for confining criminals

ตลาด

ta laat — Market; marketplace where goods are bought sold

การ

kaan — Nominalizer prefix indicating an action or process

จดจำ

jot jam — To remember; to memorize or retain in memory

สนทนา

son tha naa — To converse; to have a dialogue or discussion

กับ

kap — With; and; together with someone or something

งาน

ngaan — Work; task; event or project undertaken

เย็บ

yep — To sew; to stitch fabric or material together

ปัก

pak — To embroider; to stick or plant something in

ถัก

thak — To knit; to weave or braid threads together

ร้อย

roi — To string together; to thread beads or items

เธอ

thoe — She; you; informal second or third person pronoun

ห้อง

hong — Room; enclosed space within a building

โถง

thong — Hall; large open room or corridor in building

ท่าน

than — You; he/she; respectful third or second person pronoun

ว่าการ

waa kaan — Administration; governance or official management

เด็ก

dek — Child; young person; kid

น้อย

noi — Little; small; few in amount or size

อัปสร

ap sa ron — Celestial nymph; beautiful divine female being

บาท

baat — Baht; Thai currency unit; also a monk's alms bowl

หลวง

luang — Royal; grand; official or belonging to the state

ปลิง

pling — Leech; blood-sucking aquatic worm

คน

khon — Person; people; classifier for human beings

ไข้

khai — Fever; illness characterized by high body temperature

ภาย

phaai — Within; inside; inner part of something

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a space or boundary

ดวง

duang — Object; orb; classifier for hearts, stars, eyes

ใจ

jai — Heart; mind; inner emotional center of a person

เฝ้า

fao — To watch over; to guard or keep vigil

ยาม

yaam — Guard; watchman; a period of time at night

มุม

mum — Corner; angle; viewpoint or perspective

มอง

mong — To look; to gaze at something

ด้าน

daan — Side; aspect; face of an object or issue

แพทย์

phaet — Doctor; physician; medical professional

เดิน

doen — To walk; to move on foot

ป่า

paa — Forest; jungle; wild wooded area

สมาชิก

sa maa chik — Member; person belonging to a group or organization

โบสถ์

boot — Church; temple; religious building for worship

สาย

saai — Stream; line; strand; late (time)

ธาร

thaan — Stream; flowing body of water through land

แสง

saeng — Light; ray; beam of light or radiance

อาทิตย์

aa thit — Sun; also the word for week in Thai

ริม

rim — Edge; bank; alongside the border of something

ลำ

lam — Classifier for waterways, boats, and cylindrical objects

สับสน

sap son — Confused; chaotic; in a state of disorder

วัน

wan — Day; a single calendar day

หยุด

yut — To stop; to rest; to take a break

อิง

ing — To lean on; to be based on something

ขบวน

kha buan — Procession; parade; convoy moving in order

แห่

hae — To parade; to carry in a ceremonial procession

เปิดเผย

poet phoei — To reveal; to disclose or make something known

สรุป

sa rup — To summarize; to conclude with key points

รายการ

raai kaan — List; program; itemized record of things

ภาพ

phaap — Picture; image; illustration or visual depiction

ประกอบ

pra kop — To accompany; to compose; to supplement with

วาด

waat — To draw; to paint; to sketch an image

แกะสลัก

kae sa lak — To engrave; to carve or etch an image

ส่วน

suan — Part; section; portion of a whole

หัว

hua — Head; top; leading part of something

กระดาษ

kra daat — Paper; sheet material for writing or printing

ประดับ

pra dap — To decorate; to adorn with ornamental elements

ตกแต่ง

tok taeng — To decorate; to furnish or embellish a space

ผลงาน

phon ngaan — Work; achievement; product of one's labor