The Scarlet Letter — Page 11

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ที่นี่

thî nîi — Adverb meaning 'here', indicating this place.

เมื่อ

mûea — Conjunction meaning 'when' or 'ago' in time.

ราว

raaw — Approximately; about a certain amount or time.

หก

hòk — The number six.

เดือน

duean — Month; one of twelve calendar divisions.

ก่อน

gɔ̀ɔn — Before; prior to a time or event.

ไม่ว่า

mâi wâa — Regardless of; no matter what or which.

จะ

jà — Future tense marker; will, going to do.

เดิน

dəən — To walk; move on foot from place to place.

กลับ

glàp — To return; go back to a previous place.

ไป

pai — To go; move away from current location.

มา

maa — To come; move toward the speaker's location.

จาก

jàak — From; indicating origin or starting point.

มุม

mum — Corner; angle formed where two surfaces meet.

หนึ่ง

nùeng — The number one; a single item.

อีก

ìik — Another; more; additionally or again.

หรือ

rʉ̌ʉ — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative choice.

นั่ง

nâng — To sit; rest in a seated position.

เอน

een — To lean; incline the body at an angle.

กาย

gaai — Body; the physical form of a person.

บน

bon — On top of; above a surface.

เก้าอี้

gâo îi — Chair; a piece of furniture for sitting.

ขา

khǎa — Leg; limb used for walking and support.

สูง

sǔung — Tall; high in stature or elevation.

โดย

dooi — By; through; indicating means or agent.

วาง

waang — To place; put something down on a surface.

ศอก

sɔ̀ɔk — Elbow; joint connecting upper and lower arm.

โต๊ะ

tó — Table; flat-surfaced furniture for work or dining.

สายตา

sǎai taa — Eyesight; gaze; the direction of one's look.

ขึ้น

khʉ̂n — To go up; rise; increase in position or level.

ลง

long — To go down; descend; decrease in level.

ตาม

taam — To follow; according to; along something.

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle.

หนังสือพิมพ์

nǎng sʉ̌ʉ phim — Newspaper; printed daily publication of news.

ยาม

yaam — Time period; guard; a watch or moment.

เช้า

cháo — Morning; early part of the day.

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun in Thai.

ผู้อ่าน

phûu àan — Reader; person who reads a text or publication.

ที่

thîi — That; which; at; relative pronoun or place marker.

เคารพ

khao róp — To respect; show deference and high regard.

อาจ

àat — May; might; expressing possibility or uncertainty.

จำ

jam — To remember; memorize or recall information.

ได้

dâi — Can; able to; past tense or success marker.

ว่า

wâa — That; to say; introduces reported speech.

นั่น

nân — That; referring to something at a distance.

คือ

khʉʉ — Is; to be; defines or identifies something.

บุคคล

bùk khon — Person; individual human being.

เดียวกัน

diao gan — The same; identical; one and the same.

กับ

gàp — With; and; together with someone or something.

เคย

khəəi — Used to; have previously done something before.

ต้อนรับ

tɔ̂n ráp — To welcome; greet someone warmly upon arrival.

ท่าน

thân — Honorific pronoun for respected persons; you or they.

เข้า

khâo — To enter; go inside a place or space.

สู่

sùu — Toward; to; indicating direction of movement.

ห้องทำงาน

hɔ̂ng tham ngaan — Office; study; room designated for working.

เล็กๆ

lék lék — Small; tiny; diminutive in size.

อัน

an — Classifier for small or general objects; one item.

อบอุ่น

òp ùn — Warm; cozy; comfortable in temperature or feeling.

เขา

khǎo — He; she; they; third-person pronoun.

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — Which; that; relative pronoun in formal writing.

แสงแดด

sɛ̌ɛng dɛ̀ɛt — Sunlight; light emitted by the sun.

ส่อง

sɔ̀ng — To shine; illuminate; beam light onto something.

ประกาย

prà kaai — Spark; glitter; shimmering flash of light.

อย่าง

yàang — Like; in the manner of; a way or type.

น่า

nâa — Worth; deserving; makes adjectives feel desirable.

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through; go past something.

ต้น

tôn — Tree; trunk; also classifier for trees and plants.

ทาง

thaang — Way; path; direction; route to follow.

ด้าน

dâan — Side; aspect; face of an object or issue.

ตะวันตก

tà wan tòk — West; the western direction or region.

เก่า

gào — Old; aged; not new, worn by time.

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — But; however; conjunction showing contrast.

หาก

hàak — If; in the event that something occurs.

ที่นั่น

thîi nân — There; at that place over there.

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — In order to; for the purpose of something.

ตามหา

taam hǎa — To search for; look for someone or something.

ก็

gɔ̂ — Also; then; particle adding emphasis or continuation.

หา

hǎa — To look for; seek; find something or someone.

นาย

naai — Mr.; master; title for a man or employer.

สำรวจ

sǎm rùat — To survey; explore; examine an area or situation.

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — Of; at; classifier for places or institutions.

พรรค

phák — Party; political group sharing common goals.

นั้น

nán — That; those; referring to something previously mentioned.

ไม้กวาด

mái gwàat — Broom; tool used for sweeping floors.

การ

gaan — Nominalizer prefix; act of; process of doing.

ปฏิรูป

pà tì rûup — Reform; systematic change to improve a system.

กวาด

gwàat — To sweep; clean by brushing away dirt.

ออก

ɔ̀ɔk — Out; exit; away from inside a space.

ตำแหน่ง

tam nɛ̀ng — Position; post; official role or rank held.

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — Already; then; past completion marker in Thai.

กว่า

gwàa — More than; comparative particle in Thai.

สวม

suam — To wear; put on clothing or accessories.

ศักดิ์ศรี

sàk sǐi — Dignity; honor; self-worth and respectability.

ผลประโยชน์

phon prà yòot — Benefit; profit; personal or material advantage gained.

ตอบแทน

tɔ̀ɔp thɛɛn — To repay; reciprocate; give back in return.

ไว้

wái — To keep; store; retain for future use.

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or period.

กระเป๋า

grà pǎo — Bag; pocket; container for carrying items.

เมือง

mʉaang — City; town; urban area or country.

เก่าแก่

gào gɛ̀ɛ — Ancient; very old; long-established over centuries.

นี้

níi — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned.

บ้านเกิด

bâan gəət — Birthplace; hometown; place where one was born.

แม้

mɛ́ɛ — Even though; although; despite a condition.

อยู่

yùu — To be; stay; live at a location.

ห่างไกล

hàang glai — Far away; distant; remote from a place.

มัน

man — It; informal third-person pronoun for things.

เป็น

pen — To be; is; indicates state or identity.

เวลา

wee laa — Time; period; a specific moment or duration.

นาน

naan — Long time; for an extended duration.

ทั้ง

tháng — Both; all; entirely including every part.

วัย

wai — Age; life stage such as childhood or adulthood.

เด็ก

dèk — Child; young person below adolescent age.

ผู้ใหญ่

phûu yài — Adult; grown-up person of mature age.

ก็ตาม

gɔ̂ taam — Regardless; even so; no matter what happens.

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing action up to now.

คง

khong — Probably; still; likely to remain a state.

ครอบครอง

khrɔ̂ɔp khrɔɔng — To possess; own; have control over something.

ความ

khwaam — Abstract noun prefix; state or quality of something.

ผูกพัน

phùuk phan — Bond; attachment; emotional tie to someone or place.

ใจ

jai — Heart; mind; center of emotion and feeling.

พลัง

phalang — Power; energy; force driving action or movement.

ไม่เคย

mâi khəəi — Never; have never done something before.

ตระหนัก

trà nàk — To realize; be aware of; recognize something important.

เลย

ləəi — At all; ever; intensifier for negation or emphasis.

ช่วง

chûang — Period; interval; span of time or space.

อาศัย

aa sǎi — To live; reside; depend on for existence.

จริงๆ

jing jing — Really; truly; emphasizing something is genuine.

แท้จริง

thɛ́ɛ jing — In truth; genuinely; the actual real fact.

เท่า

thâo — Equal to; as much as; same amount.

เกี่ยวกับ

gìao gàp — About; regarding; concerning a topic or subject.

ลักษณะ

lák sà nà — Characteristic; feature; quality describing something.

กายภาพ

gaai yá phâap — Physical; relating to material or bodily form.

ด้วย

dûai — With; also; too; by means of something.

พื้นผิว

phʉ́ʉn phǐu — Surface; outer layer of an object or area.

ปกคลุม

pòk khlum — To cover; spread over a surface or area.

บ้าน

bâan — House; home; residential dwelling place.

ไม้

máai — Wood; timber; also tone marker in Thai.

ส่วนใหญ่

sùan yài — Mostly; majority; the greater part of something.

แทบ

thɛ̂ɛp — Almost; nearly; barely to a small degree.

ไม่มี

mâi mii — There is none; do not have; lacking something.

หลัง

lǎng — Back; behind; after in position or time.

ใด

dai — Any; which; interrogative or relative pronoun.

อ้าง

âang — To claim; assert; cite as a reason.

งาม

ngaam — Beautiful; lovely; pleasing to the senses.

ไม่เป็น

mâi pen — Not able to; doesn't constitute or matter.

ระเบียบ

rá bìap — Order; discipline; systematic arrangement or rule.

ไม่ได้

mâi dâi — Cannot; did not; unable to do something.

มี

mii — To have; there is; existence of something.

เสน่ห์

sà nèe — Charm; appeal; magnetic attractiveness of someone.

เพียงแค่

phiang khɛ̂ɛ — Just; only; merely a small or limited amount.

เบื่อ

bʉ̀a — Bored; tired of; fed up with something.

ถนน

thà nǒn — Road; street; paved path for vehicles or pedestrians.

ยาว

yaao — Long; extended in length or duration.

ทอด

thɔ̂ɔt — To stretch out; extend; also to fry food.

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals and clothing.

ตลอด

tà lɔ̀ɔt — Throughout; all along; from beginning to end.

ปลาย

plaai — Tip; end; the farthest point of something.

ทิวทัศน์

thiw thát — Scenery; landscape; view of natural surroundings.

สถาน

sà thǎan — Place; station; establishment or institution.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; object; item or matter in general.

เหล่านี้

lào níi — These; referring to multiple nearby things or people.

เกิด

gəət — To be born; to occur; happen or arise.

รู้สึก

rúu sʉ̀k — To feel; sense; experience an emotion or sensation.

ไม่

mâi — No; not; negation particle in Thai.

ต่าง

tàang — Different; various; distinct from each other.

อะไร

à rai — What; anything; interrogative word in Thai.

กระดาน

grà daan — Board; plank; flat surface used for games or writing.

หมากรุก

màak rúk — Chess; strategic board game with pieces and moves.

ถูก

thùuk — Correct; cheap; also passive voice marker in Thai.

จัด

jàt — To arrange; organize; set up in order.