The Scarlet Letter — Page 43

Vocabulary

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

มัก

mak — Usually; tends to; often does something

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as something

เรื่อง

rueang — Story; matter; topic; subject of discussion

ที่

thi — At; place; relative pronoun marker

ฉัน

chan — I; me; first-person pronoun (informal)

รู้สึก

ru-suek — To feel; to sense an emotion or sensation

เสียใจ

sia-jai — To feel sad; to be sorry or regretful

อยู่

yu — To be located; to stay; to live somewhere

เสมอ

sà-moe — Always; consistently; at all times

เพราะ

phro — Because; due to; for the reason that

หาก

hak — If; in the event that; supposing that

ย้อน

yon — To go back; to reverse; to retrace

กลับ

klap — To return; to go back to a place

ไป

pai — To go; movement away from speaker

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a space or time

ยุค

yuk — Era; age; epoch; historical period

สมัย

sa-mai — Period; era; time; age in history

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

รัฐบาล

rat-tha-ban — Government; the ruling administration of a country

ทหาร

tha-han — Soldier; military; armed forces personnel

เอกสาร

ek-ka-san — Document; official paper; written record

เหล่านั้น

lao-nan — Those; referring to previously mentioned things

คง

khong — Probably; likely; presumed to be true

ต้อง

tong — Must; have to; required to do something

มี

mi — To have; there is; to possess something

การ

kan — Nominalizer prefix for actions or processes

กล่าวถึง

klao-thueng — To mention; to refer to; to speak about

ผู้คน

phu-khon — People; persons; human beings in general

ถูก

thuk — Passive marker; to be subjected to action

ลืมเลือน

luem-luean — To be forgotten; to fade from memory gradually

หรือ

rue — Or; question particle for yes/no questions

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing to do something

จดจำ

jot-jam — To remember; to memorize; to retain in memory

มากมาย

mak-mai — Many; a lot; abundant in number or amount

รวมถึง

ruam-thueng — Including; also encompassing; together with others

ขนบธรรมเนียม

kha-nop-tham-niam — Custom; tradition; conventional social practice

โบราณ

bo-ran — Ancient; old; relating to the distant past

ต่างๆ

tang-tang — Various; different kinds; miscellaneous things

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

จะ

ja — Will; future tense marker; going to do

ทำให้

tham-hai — To cause; to make something happen; to result in

เพลิดเพลิน

phloet-phloen — To enjoy; to be entertained; to take pleasure in

เช่นเดียวกับ

chen-diao-kap — Just like; same as; similar to another thing

เคย

khoei — Used to; have ever done something before

เก็บ

kep — To collect; to keep; to store something away

หัว

hua — Head; top part; tip of an object

ลูกธนู

luk-tha-nu — Arrow; projectile shot from a bow

ทุ่งนา

thung-na — Rice field; paddy field; open agricultural land

ใกล้กับ

klai-kap — Near; close to; in proximity to something

คฤหาสน์

kha-rue-hat — Mansion; large grand residential building

เก่า

kao — Old; aged; not new; worn from use

แต่

tae — But; however; conjunction showing contrast

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; after that; done with

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one; a single unit

ไม่มี

mai-mi — There is not; to lack; to have nothing

อะไร

a-rai — What; anything; something unspecified

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action

และ

lae — And; conjunction joining words or clauses

ฝน

fon — Rain; precipitation falling from clouds

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently doing; present progressive aspect marker

ตก

tok — To fall; to drop down; to descend

โชค

chok — Luck; fortune; chance; fate

ก็

ko — Also; then; so; discourse particle for continuation

นำพา

nam-pha — To lead; to guide; to bring someone along

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative verb marker

ค้นพบ

khon-phop — To discover; to find something previously unknown

บางสิ่ง

bang-sing — Something; some thing; an unspecified object

น่าสนใจ

na-son-jai — Interesting; fascinating; worthy of attention

บ้าง

bang — Some; somewhat; a little; at least some

ขณะ

kha-na — While; during; at the moment of

ค้นคุ้ย

khon-khui — To rummage; to search through things messily

กอง

kong — Pile; heap; stack of things together

ขยะ

kha-ya — Trash; garbage; waste material; rubbish

มุม

mum — Corner; angle; edge where two sides meet

ห้อง

hong — Room; enclosed space inside a building

คลี่

khli — To unfold; to unroll; to spread out flat

ทีละ

thi-la — One at a time; one by one; piece by piece

แผ่น

phaen — Sheet; flat piece; thin layer of material

ออก

ok — Out; outward; to exit; directional particle

อ่าน

an — To read; to interpret written text

พบ

phop — To find; to meet; to encounter something

ชื่อ

chue — Name; title; what something is called

เรือ

ruea — Boat; ship; watercraft used for travel

จม

jom — To sink; to submerge; to go underwater

หาย

hai — To disappear; to be lost; to vanish

ทะเล

tha-le — Sea; ocean; large body of saltwater

มานาน

ma-nan — For a long time; since long ago

ผุพัง

phu-phang — Decayed; rotted; crumbled from age or neglect

ท่าเรือ

tha-ruea — Port; harbor; dock where ships load and unload

พ่อค้า

pho-kha — Merchant; trader; businessman who buys and sells

ใคร

khrai — Who; anyone; referring to a person

ได้ยิน

dai-yin — To hear; to perceive sound with ears

ตลาด

ta-lat — Market; marketplace; place to buy and sell

หลักทรัพย์

lak-sap — Securities; financial assets; stocks and bonds

อีก

ik — More; again; another; additional amount

ต่อไป

to-pai — Continue; further; from now on; going forward

แทบ

thaep — Almost; nearly; hardly; barely able to

บน

bon — On; above; on top of a surface

หลุมศพ

lum-sop — Grave; tomb; burial site for the dead

เต็ม

tem — Full; filled completely; at maximum capacity

ด้วย

duai — With; also; by means of; together with

พวกเขา

phuak-khao — They; them; third-person plural pronoun

ไม่ออก

mai-ok — Cannot come out; unable to be read or seen

มอง

mong — To look; to gaze; to direct eyes at

สิ่ง

sing — Thing; object; matter; an abstract or concrete item

เหล่านี้

lao-ni — These; referring to nearby mentioned things

ความ

khwam — Nominalizer for abstract nouns; state or condition

เศร้าสร้อย

sao-soi — Melancholic; sorrowful; feeling sad and downcast

อ่อนล้า

on-la — Exhausted; weary; drained of energy

ลังเลใจ

lang-le-jai — To hesitate; to be indecisive; to waver mentally

อย่าง

yang — Way; manner; kind; in a certain style

เรา

rao — We; us; first-person plural pronoun

ดู

du — To watch; to look at; to observe

ซาก

sak — Remains; ruins; wreckage; remnant of something destroyed

กิจกรรม

kit-ja-kam — Activity; event; organized action or engagement

สิ้นสุด

sin-sut — To end; to conclude; to come to a finish

พยายาม

pha-ya-yam — To try; to attempt; to make an effort

กระตุ้น

kra-tun — To stimulate; to motivate; to encourage action

จินตนาการ

jin-ta-na-kan — Imagination; creative mental imagery; fantasy

เฉื่อยชา

chuai-cha — Sluggish; lethargic; lacking energy or motivation

ขาด

khat — To lack; to be missing; to be cut off

ใช้งาน

chai-ngan — To use; to operate; to put into service

ปลุก

pluk — To wake up; to rouse; to stir someone

ภาพลักษณ์

phap-lak — Image; perception; public impression of something

อัน

an — Classifier for objects; an item; a thing

รุ่งเรือง

rung-rueang — Prosperous; flourishing; thriving with success

เมือง

mueang — City; town; municipality; urban settlement

ขึ้นมา

khuen-ma — To rise up; to come up; upward movement

จาก

jak — From; away from; originating at a place

กระดูก

kra-duk — Bone; skeletal structure of a body

แห้ง

haeng — Dry; lacking moisture; not wet

ดินแดน

din-daen — Land; territory; geographic region or domain

ใหม่

mai — New; fresh; recently made or acquired

มีแต่

mi-tae — Only have; nothing but; exclusively consisting of

เท่านั้น

thao-nan — Only; merely; nothing more than that

รู้

ru — To know; to be aware of; to understand

เส้นทาง

sen-thang — Route; path; road; way to a destination

ที่นั่น

thi-nan — There; at that place; over there

จน

jon — Until; so much that; to the point of

กระทั่ง

kra-thang — Until; even; up to a point in time

บังเอิญ

bang-oeon — By accident; coincidentally; by chance unexpectedly

วาง

wang — To place; to put down; to set something

มือ

mue — Hand; the body part used for grasping

ลง

long — Down; downward; to descend; directional particle

ห่อ

ho — Package; bundle; to wrap something up

เล็กๆ

lek-lek — Small; tiny; very little in size

ไว้

wai — To keep; to store; aspect marker for retention

ระมัดระวัง

ra-mat-ra-wang — Careful; cautious; taking care to avoid mistakes

สีเหลือง

si-lueang — Yellow color; having a yellow appearance

ซอง

song — Envelope; small pouch; packet for holding things

จดหมาย

jot-mai — Letter; written correspondence sent to someone

นี้

ni — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned

ลักษณะ

lak-sa-na — Characteristic; feature; appearance; quality of something

เหมือน

muean — Similar to; like; resembling something else

บันทึก

ban-thuek — Record; note; document; to write something down

ทางการ

thang-kan — Official; formal; relating to authorities or government

ล่วงเลย

luang-loei — To pass by; to elapse; time has gone by

มา

ma — To come; toward the speaker; directional particle

นาน

nan — Long time; a lengthy duration of time

เมื่อ

muea — When; at the time that; referring to past time

เสมียน

sa-mian — Clerk; scribe; office worker handling documents

จารึก

ja-ruek — To inscribe; engraving; inscription on a surface

ลายมือ

lai-mue — Handwriting; the style of someone's written script

แข็งทื่อ

khaeng-thue — Stiff; rigid; inflexible; not soft or pliable

แบบแผน

baep-phaen — Pattern; format; established standard or convention

วัสดุ

wat-sa-du — Material; substance used for making something

คงทน

khong-thon — Durable; long-lasting; able to withstand wear

กว่า

kwa — More than; comparative marker; exceeding something

ใช้กัน

chai-kan — Commonly used; used among people generally

ปัจจุบัน

pat-ju-ban — Present; current; the time that exists now