The Scarlet Letter — Page 51

Vocabulary

พวกเขา

phuak khao — Third person plural pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'.

คง

khong — Probably, likely, or presumably something will happen.

จินตนาการ

jin-ta-naa-kaan — Imagination; the ability to form mental images.

ว่า

waa — That; used to introduce a subordinate clause or quote.

จุดมุ่งหมาย

jut mung maai — Goal, aim, or purpose of an action.

เดียว

diao — Single, only, or alone; one of something.

ของ

khong — Of; possessive particle indicating belonging or ownership.

ฉัน

chan — I or me; first person pronoun, informal female usage.

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words, phrases, or clauses.

แท้จริง

thae jing — True, genuine, or real in nature.

แล้ว

laeo — Already; indicates completed action or 'then' sequentially.

ที่

thii — At, which, or that; versatile particle for place or relative clauses.

ชาย

chaai — Man, male, or masculine person.

ผู้

phuu — Person who; prefix indicating a doer or agent.

มี

mii — To have or there is/are something.

สติสัมปชัญญะ

sa-ti sam-pa-chan-ya — Full conscious awareness and mindfulness of one's actions.

จะ

ja — Will; future tense marker or expression of intention.

ยอม

yom — To yield, agree, or consent to something.

ลุกขึ้น

luk khuen — To stand up or rise from a position.

เคลื่อนไหว

khluen wai — To move or make movement; physical motion.

โดย

dooi — By, through, or by means of something.

สมัครใจ

sa-mak jai — Voluntary; done willingly of one's own free will.

คือ

khue — Is, are; equating verb linking subject to predicate.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix turning verbs into nouns for actions.

เรียก

riak — To call, name, or summon someone or something.

ความ

khwaam — Abstract noun prefix converting adjectives into noun forms.

อยากอาหาร

yaak aa-haan — Appetite; desire or craving to eat food.

สำหรับ

sam-rap — For; preposition indicating purpose or intended recipient.

มื้อเย็น

mue yen — Dinner; the evening meal of the day.

ถ้า

thaa — If; conditional conjunction introducing a hypothetical situation.

พูด

phuut — To speak or talk; to utter words.

ตาม

taam — According to, following, or along something.

ความจริง

khwaam jing — Truth; the true or factual state of affairs.

ถูก

thuuk — To be correct; or passive marker indicating being acted upon.

เร้า

rao — To stimulate, excite, or arouse interest or emotion.

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning 'to make' or 'for'.

คมกริบ

khom krip — Very sharp, keen, or razor-sharp in edge or wit.

ด้วย

duai — With, also, or by means of; additive particle.

ลม

lom — Wind; moving air or breeze.

ตะวันออก

ta-wan ork — East; the direction of the rising sun.

มัก

mak — Often, usually, or tend to do something habitually.

พัด

phat — To blow, as wind does; to fan air.

ผ่าน

phaan — To pass through, go through, or pass by.

ทางเดิน

thaang doen — Walkway, corridor, or path for walking.

อยู่

yuu — To be located; to stay or remain somewhere.

เสมอ

sa-moe — Always, always, or equal; consistently without exception.

ผลลัพธ์

phon-lap — Result, outcome, or final consequence of something.

คุณค่า

khun-khaa — Value, worth, or significance of something.

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, or just; limiting to a small amount.

อย่างเดียว

yaang diao — Only one way; solely or exclusively one thing.

จาก

jaak — From; indicating origin, source, or starting point.

ออกกำลังกาย

ork kam-lang kaai — To exercise; to engage in physical activity for health.

อย่าง

yaang — Like, as, or in the manner of; type or kind.

ไม่

mai — Not; negation particle used before verbs and adjectives.

รู้จัก

ruu jak — To know or be acquainted with a person or thing.

เหน็ดเหนื่อย

net nuai — Exhausted, weary, or tired from overexertion.

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something previously mentioned.

บรรยากาศ

ban-ya-kat — Atmosphere, ambiance, or overall mood of a place.

ด่านศุลกากร

daan sun-la-kaa-kon — Customs checkpoint where goods and passports are checked.

เหมาะสม

mo som — Appropriate, suitable, or fitting for a situation.

อย่างยิ่ง

yaang ying — Extremely, very much, or to a great degree.

ต่อ

tor — Per, against, or to continue; connecting or opposing particle.

เก็บเกี่ยว

kep kiao — To harvest or reap crops or benefits from effort.

อัน

an — Classifier for small objects; a general-purpose noun classifier.

ละเอียดอ่อน

la-iat on — Delicate, sensitive, or subtle in nature or feeling.

ความรู้สึก

khwaam ruu suek — Feeling, sensation, or emotional experience.

จน

jon — Until; up to a point, or poor/impoverished in finances.

หาก

haak — If; a more formal conditional conjunction than ถ้า.

ยังคง

yang khong — Still, continue to, or remain in a certain state.

นั่น

nan — That (over there); demonstrative pronoun for distant reference.

ตลอด

ta-lot — Throughout, all along, or the entire duration of something.

สิบ

sip — Ten; the number 10 in Thai.

สมัย

sa-mai — Era, period, or time in history.

ประธานาธิบดี

pra-thaa-naa-thi-bo-dii — President; the head of state in a republic.

มาถึง

maa thueng — To arrive at or reach a destination.

ก็

kor — Also, then, or even; conjunctive particle linking clauses.

สงสัย

song-sai — To doubt, suspect, or be curious about something.

นิยาย

ni-yaai — Novel or fiction; a long imaginative narrative story.

เรื่อง

rueang — Story, matter, topic, or subject being discussed.

เคย

khoei — Used to; have ever done something before previously.

นำเสนอ

nam sa-noe — To present, propose, or put something forward for consideration.

สายตา

saai taa — Eyesight, vision, or gaze directed at something.

สาธารณชน

saa-thaa-ra-na-chon — The general public; the community of ordinary people.

หรือไม่

rue mai — Or not; question tag asking for yes/no confirmation.

เปรียบเสมือน

priap sa-muean — To compare or liken; similar to or like something else.

กระจก

kra-jok — Mirror or glass; a reflective surface showing images.

หมองคล้ำ

mong khlam — Dim, tarnished, dull, or darkened in appearance.

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for non-human subjects.

สะท้อน

sa-thon — To reflect light, sound, or an image back.

หรือ

rue — Or; conjunction offering an alternative choice.

ได้

dai — Can, could, or have done; ability or completion marker.

มัวหมอง

mua mong — Tarnished, stained, or sullied in reputation or appearance.

น่าสังเวช

naa sang-wet — Pitiful, pathetic, or evoking sorrow and compassion.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; relative pronoun connecting a clause to a noun.

ภาพ

phaap — Image, picture, or visual representation of something.

บุคคล

buk-khon — Person, individual, or character in a formal sense.

พยายาม

pha-yaa-yaam — To try, attempt, or make an effort to do.

สุด

sut — Most, utmost, or to the extreme end of something.

ความสามารถ

khwaam saa-maat — Ability, capability, or talent to perform a task.

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to; purpose conjunction meaning 'so that'.

บรรจุ

ban-ju — To fill, pack, or contain something into a container.

ลงไป

long pai — To go down or insert downward into something.

ตัวละคร

tua la-khon — Character in a story, play, or fictional narrative.

ใน

nai — In, inside, or within a place or context.

เรื่องราว

rueang raao — Story, account, or narrative describing events.

อบอุ่น

op un — Warm, cozy, or comfortably warm in temperature or feeling.

ยืดหยุ่น

yuet yun — Flexible, elastic, or adaptable to changing circumstances.

ไฟ

fai — Fire, flame, or electricity; light or heat source.

ใดๆ

dai dai — Any, whichever, or any kind whatsoever.

จุด

jut — Point, spot, dot, or to light or ignite something.

ขึ้น

khuen — Up, rise, or increase; directional particle going upward.

เตาหลอม

tao lom — Furnace or smelting furnace used to melt metals.

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, direction, or means of doing something.

สติปัญญา

sa-ti pan-yaa — Intelligence, intellect, or mental reasoning capacity.

พวกมัน

phuak man — They or them; third person plural for non-human subjects.

ยอมรับ

yom rap — To accept, acknowledge, or admit something as true.

ทั้ง

thang — Both, all, or entirely; inclusive of everything mentioned.

ความเร่าร้อน

khwaam rao ron — Passion, fervor, or intense burning enthusiasm.

อารมณ์

aa-rom — Emotion, mood, or feeling affecting one's state of mind.

ความอ่อนโยน

khwaam on yon — Gentleness, tenderness, or kind softness in manner.

แต่

tae — But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception.

กลับ

klap — To return; or conversely, indicating an unexpected reversal.

ความแข็งกระด้าง

khwaam khaeng kra-daang — Hardness, rigidity, or harshness in manner or texture.

ศพ

sop — Corpse, dead body, or cadaver of a deceased person.

ตาย

taai — To die or be dead; cessation of life.

ไว้

wai — To keep, retain, or hold something in place.

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All, everything, or the entire amount of something.

จ้องมอง

jong mong — To stare or gaze fixedly at someone or something.

หน้า

naa — Face, front side, or next (as in next page).

รอยยิ้มเยาะ

roi yim yo — A mocking or scornful smile expressing contempt.

คงที่

khong thii — Constant, stable, or fixed without changing.

น่าสยดสยอง

naa sa-yot sa-yong — Horrifying, terrifying, or causing dread and horror.

ท้าทาย

thaa taai — To challenge or defy; presenting a difficult test.

ดูถูก

duu thuuk — To look down on, belittle, or disrespect someone.

เจ้า

jao — You (informal or archaic); owner or master of something.

ธุระ

thu-ra — Business, errand, or personal matter to attend to.

อันใด

an dai — Any which, whichever, or whatever thing or one.

กับ

kap — With, and, or together; preposition joining nouns together.

พวกเรา

phuak rao — We or us; first person plural inclusive pronoun.

สีหน้า

sii naa — Facial expression; the look or appearance on one's face.

ดู

duu — To look, watch, or appear to be something.

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, or resembling something else.

กล่าว

klaao — To say, state, or mention formally; to speak.

อำนาจ

am-naat — Power, authority, or control over others or situations.

เล็กน้อย

lek noi — A little, slightly, or a small amount of something.

เหนือ

nuea — Above, over, or north; higher in position or direction.

เผ่าพันธุ์

phao phan — Race, ethnic group, or lineage of people.

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; classifier for places or institutions.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, or matter; general noun for anything.

ไม่จริง

mai jing — Not true, false, or untrue; lacking in reality.

สูญสิ้น

suun sin — To be completely lost, extinct, or utterly depleted.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away.

แลก

laek — To exchange, swap, or trade one thing for another.

เงินทอง

ngoen thong — Money and gold; wealth or financial assets generally.

รัฐ

rat — State, government, or a political territory unit.

น้อยนิด

noi nit — Very little, tiny amount, or barely any at all.

เถิด

thoet — Go ahead, please do; encourages or permits an action.

หาเลี้ยงชีพ

haa liang chiip — To earn a living or make a livelihood to survive.

เอง

eng — Oneself, by oneself, or automatically on its own.