The Scarlet Letter — Page 60

Vocabulary

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun or emphatic particle

อาจ

aat — Might, may; expressing possibility or probability

จะ

ja — Will, going to; future tense marker

ไม่

mai — Not; primary negation word in Thai

ใช่

chai — Yes, that's right; affirmative confirmation

หรือ

rue — Or; conjunction offering alternatives

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition of location

ช่วง

chuang — Period, span, interval of time or space

เวลา

we-laa — Time; a point or period of time

อัน

an — Classifier for small objects; one, a thing

น่า

naa — Worthy of, likely to; precedes adjectives expressing feeling

เบื่อ

buea — Bored, fed up, tired of something

หน่าย

naai — Weary, disgusted, disheartened by something

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possession marker

ชีวิต

chii-wit — Life; one's existence or way of living

ราชการ

raat-cha-gaan — Government service; official civil service work

ที่

thii — At, which, that; place or relative pronoun

ทอด

thot — To fry; also to extend or stretch out

ยาว

yaao — Long; describing length or duration

อยู่

yuu — To be, to stay, to live somewhere

หน้า

naa — Front, face, next; page or future direction

สุด

sut — Extreme, utmost, end; used with superlatives

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then; indicates completed action

กลาย

glaai — To become, to turn into something else

เป็น

pen — To be, to become; linking or state verb

เช่น

chen — Such as, for example; introducing examples

เดียว

diao — Only, single, alone; one and the same

กับ

gap — With, and; conjunction or preposition of accompaniment

เพื่อน

phuean — Friend, companion; a close associate

ผู้

phuu — Person who; prefix indicating a person or doer

เคารพ

khao-rop — To respect, to revere; showing high regard

คน

khon — Person, people; human being or classifier for people

นี้

nii — This; near demonstrative pronoun or adjective

นั่น

nan — That; mid-distance demonstrative pronoun

คือ

khue — Is, means, namely; equating or defining verb

ทำ

tham — To do, to make, to perform an action

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker, for, to allow

ชั่วโมง

chua-moong — Hour; unit of time equal to sixty minutes

อาหาร

aa-haan — Food; edible things consumed for nourishment

เย็น

yen — Cool, cold; also evening time of day

ศูนย์กลาง

suun-glaang — Center, hub; central point of something

วัน

wan — Day; a unit of time, one calendar day

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ใช้

chai — To use, to utilize, to employ something

เหลือ

luea — To remain, to be left over; surplus

นั้น

nan — That; distal demonstrative used after a noun

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, resembling something else

ดัง

dang — Like, as; loud; famous or well-known

สุนัข

su-nak — Dog; domestic canine animal (formal word)

แก่

gae — Old, aged; also to, for (formal preposition)

หลับ

lap — To sleep, to be asleep; eyes closed

กลาง

glaang — Middle, center; midpoint of time or space

แสง

saeng — Light, ray; illumination from a light source

แดด

daet — Sunlight, sunshine; light from the sun

ร่ม

rom — Umbrella; shade or shelter from sun or rain

เงา

ngao — Shadow, shade, reflection of an object

นี่

nii — Here, this; informal near demonstrative pronoun

ช่าง

chaang — How very; craftsman; exclamation of resignation

อนาคต

a-naa-khot — Future; the time yet to come

หด

hot — To shrink, to contract, to pull back

เสีย

sia — Broken, ruined, lost; waste or spoiled

สำหรับ

sam-rap — For, intended for; preposition indicating purpose

ชาย

chaai — Man, male; masculine gender or shore edge

รู้สึก

ruu-suek — To feel, to sense an emotion or sensation

ว่า

waa — That; introduces reported speech or a clause

นิยาม

ni-yaam — Definition, to define; formal meaning of a term

ดี

dii — Good, fine, well; positive quality or state

ที่สุด

thii-sut — Most, the best; superlative marker in Thai

ความ

khwaam — Abstract noun prefix; condition or state of being

สุข

suk — Happiness, wellbeing, contentment in life

การ

gaan — Gerund prefix; act or process of doing something

ดำรง

dam-rong — To maintain, to sustain, to keep existing

โดย

doi — By, by means of; indicating method or agent

สมรรถภาพ

sa-mat-tha-phap — Capability, capacity, competence, physical ability

ตน

ton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to self

อย่าง

yaang — Kind, type, manner; in the way of

เต็ม

tem — Full, complete, to the maximum capacity

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each; referring to all members

ด้าน

daan — Side, aspect, dimension of something

แต่

tae — But, however; conjunction showing contrast

ตลอด

ta-lot — Throughout, all along, the entire duration

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently doing; strength, power, force

ตัว

tua — Body, self; classifier for animals and clothing

เอง

eng — Self, oneself; emphasizes doing something personally

หวาด

waat — Afraid, frightened; feeling of dread or fear

กลัว

glua — To fear, to be scared of something

จำเป็น

jam-pen — Necessary, essential, required, must be done

เลย

loei — At all, so, therefore; intensifying particle

ได้

dai — Can, able to; also past tense marker

กำหนด

gam-not — To set, to schedule, to determine or fix

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter; general abstract noun

กว่า

gwaa — More than, than; comparative degree marker

ไว้

wai — To keep, to put aside for future use

สามารถ

saa-maat — Can, able to, capable of doing something

จินตนาการ

jin-ta-naa-gaan — Imagination, to imagine; creative mental faculty

ด้วย

duay — Also, too, with; additional or accompanying particle

เหตุการณ์

het-gaan — Event, incident, happening, occurrence

จด

jot — To note down, to write, to record

จำ

jam — To remember, to memorize, to recall

ปี

pii — Year; a unit of time, twelve months

สาม

saam — Three; the cardinal number three

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; classifier for places and institutions

ตำแหน่ง

tam-naeng — Position, post, rank, job title

สำรวจ

sam-ruat — To survey, to explore, to investigate an area

ขอ

kho — To request, to ask for something politely

ยืม

yuem — To borrow; to take temporarily with return

สำนวน

sam-nuan — Idiom, expression, phrase; fixed linguistic saying

มา

maa — To come; directional verb toward speaker

เลือกตั้ง

lueak-tang — Election; process of voting to choose representatives

นาย

naai — Mr., master; male title or employer

พล

phon — General; military rank or force/power

ขึ้น

khuen — To go up, to rise, to increase

ประธานาธิบดี

pra-thaa-naa-thi-bo-dii — President; head of state in a republic

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more, increasingly; intensifying comparative word

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to, for the purpose of

ประเมิน

pra-moen — To evaluate, to assess, to estimate value

ข้อ

kho — Point, item, clause; joint of body or article

ครบถ้วน

khrop-thuan — Complete, thorough, all-inclusive, nothing missing

ต้อง

tong — Must, have to; expressing obligation or necessity

พิจารณา

phi-jaa-ra-naa — To consider, to deliberate, to examine carefully

ดู

duu — To look, to watch, to observe something

ขณะ

kha-na — While, moment, during a particular time

รัฐบาล

rat-tha-baan — Government; the ruling administration of a country

ฝ่าย

faai — Side, faction, party, group in opposition

ตรง

trong — Straight, direct, exactly, opposite direction

ข้าม

khaam — Opposite; to cross over, to go across

เข้า

khao — To enter, to go in, inward direction

มี

mii — To have, there is, to possess something

อำนาจ

am-naat — Power, authority, influence over others

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third person pronoun

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the cardinal number one

รำคาญ

ram-khaan — Annoyed, irritated, bothered by something

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind, spirit; emotional center of self

เอก

ek — Chief, first class, primary; highest rank

สถานการณ์

sa-thaa-na-gaan — Situation, circumstances, state of current affairs

ล้วน

luan — All, entirely, wholly; every single one

ขัด

khat — To obstruct, to conflict, to polish or scrub

เคือง

khueang — Irritated, resentful, mildly angry at someone

เท่า

thao — Equal to, as much as; same amount

มนุษย์

ma-nut — Human being, mankind, the human species

โชค

chook — Luck, fortune, chance; good or bad fate

ร้าย

raai — Bad, evil, wicked, fierce, terrible

ตก

tok — To fall, to drop, to descend downward

สภาพ

sa-phap — Condition, state, situation of something

แทบ

thaep — Almost, nearly, hardly; close to extreme

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, road, direction, means

เลือก

lueak — To choose, to select, to pick an option

ใด

dai — Which, any, whatever; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

แม้

mae — Even though, even if; concessive conjunction

ปรากฏ

pra-got — To appear, to manifest, to become evident

เลว

leo — Bad, wicked, evil, morally inferior person

ก็

go — Also, then, well; particle linking clauses