The Scarlet Letter — Page 65

Vocabulary

มนุษย์

ma-nut — Human being; a person of the human species

ที่

thîi — That; which; at; a relative pronoun or preposition

แท้จริง

tháe-jing — True; genuine; in reality or actuality

นั้น

nán — That; referring to something previously mentioned

ตลอด

ta-lòot — Throughout; all along; the entire duration

ช่วง

chûang — Period; span; a section of time or space

เวลา

wee-laa — Time; a particular point or period

ทั้งหมด

tháng-mòt — All; everything; the entire amount or group

นี้

níi — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned

ด้วย

dûay — Also; with; too; additionally or by means of

หัว

hǔa — Head; the top part of a body

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing to be or do something

คง

khong — Probably; likely; to remain or stay stable

อยู่

yùu — To be; to stay; to reside somewhere

บน

bon — On; above; on top of a surface

บ่า

bàa — Shoulder; the joint connecting arm to torso

อย่าง

yàang — Like; in a manner of; a way or kind

ปลอดภัย

plòot-phai — Safe; free from danger or harm

ได้

dâai — Can; able to; to obtain or achieve something

นำ

nam — To lead; to bring; to guide toward something

ตัวเอง

tua-eeng — Oneself; by oneself; one's own self

มา

maa — To come; to arrive; toward the speaker

สู่

sùu — To; toward; in the direction of something

ข้อสรุป

khôo-sa-rup — Conclusion; a final summary or judgment reached

อัน

an — A classifier for items; one unit of something

สบายใจ

sa-baai-jai — At ease; feeling mentally comfortable and relieved

ว่า

wâa — That; to say; introducing a reported statement

ทุกสิ่ง

thúk-sìng — Everything; every single thing that exists

ทุกอย่าง

thúk-yàang — Everything; all things; every kind of thing

เป็น

pen — To be; to become; indicates a state or identity

ไป

pai — To go; to move away from the speaker

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time

ทาง

thaang — Way; path; direction or means of doing something

ดี

dii — Good; well; of a positive quality or standard

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — Most; the superlative degree; the utmost extent

และ

láe — And; connecting words, phrases, or clauses together

การ

gaan — A nominalizer indicating an action or process

ลงทุน

long-thun — To invest; to put money or effort into something

หมึก

mùek — Ink; dark liquid used for writing or printing

กระดาษ

gra-dàat — Paper; thin material used for writing or printing

ปากกา

pàak-gaa — Pen; a writing instrument using ink

เหล็ก

lèk — Iron; steel; a hard metallic element or material

เปิด

pèet — To open; to turn on; to begin operation

โต๊ะ

tó — Table; a flat-surfaced piece of furniture

เขียน

khǐan — To write; to produce text or drawings on a surface

หนังสือ

nǎng-sǔue — Book; a written or printed literary work

ไม่ได้

mâi-dâai — Cannot; did not; negates ability or past action

ใช้

cháai — To use; to employ something for a purpose

นาน

naan — Long; for a long time; extended duration

ออก

òok — Out; to exit; to come or go outside

กลาย

glaai — To become; to transform into something else

นักเขียน

nák-khǐan — Writer; author; a person who writes professionally

อีก

ìik — Again; more; another; additionally

ครั้ง

khráng — Time; occasion; a classifier for occurrences

บัดนี้

bàt-níi — Now; at this present moment; currently

เอง

eeng — Self; by oneself; emphasizes personal action

ผลงาน

phon-ngaan — Work; output; a piece of creative or professional output

ค้นคว้า

khón-khwáa — To research; to investigate and study in depth

ยาวนาน

yaao-naan — Long; lengthy; extending over a long period of time

ของ

khǒong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

บรรพบุรุษ

ban-pha-bu-rut — Ancestors; forefathers; people from earlier generations

เก่าแก่

gào-gàe — Ancient; very old; having existed for a long time

ข้าพเจ้า

khâa-phá-jâo — I; formal first-person pronoun used in writing

คือ

khuu — Is; means; to be equivalent or identical to

ท่าน

thân — You; a respectful pronoun for esteemed persons

นาย

naai — Mr.; master; a title for an adult male

สำรวจ

sǎm-rùat — To survey; to explore; to examine thoroughly

เข้า

khâo — To enter; to go into; inward direction

มี

mii — To have; there is; to possess something

บทบาท

bòt-bàat — Role; part; a function played in a situation

ความ

khwaam — A nominalizer for abstract nouns and concepts

ขึ้น

khûen — Up; to rise; to increase; upward movement

สนิม

sa-nim — Rust; reddish corrosion forming on iron or steel

จาก

jàak — From; away from; originating at a point

เกียจคร้าน

gìat-khrâan — Lazy; idle; unwilling to work or make effort

จึง

jueng — Therefore; so; consequently; as a result

ต้องการ

tông-gaan — To want; to need; to desire something

สัก

sák — Just; about; a particle softening a request or amount

ระยะ

rá-yá — Distance; period; a span of time or space

หนึ่ง

nùeng — One; the number one; a single unit

ก่อน

gòon — Before; first; prior to something else

กลไก

gon-glai — Mechanism; system; the way something works internally

ปัญญา

pan-yaa — Wisdom; intelligence; deep understanding or knowledge

จะ

jà — Will; shall; a future tense marker

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — Can; able to; having the capability to do something

กับ

gàp — With; and; together with someone or something

เรื่องราว

rûeang-raao — Story; account; a narrative of events or experiences

ให้

hâi — To give; to allow; to cause something to happen

ผล

phon — Result; fruit; outcome of an action or process

น่า

nâa — Worth; deserving; makes adjectives expressing worthiness

พอใจ

phoo-jai — Satisfied; content; pleased with a result or situation

ระดับ

rá-dàp — Level; degree; a standard or rank of something

แม้

máe — Even; although; despite a condition being present

กระทั่ง

grà-thâng — Even; until; up to; emphasizing an extreme case

ความคิด

khwaam-khít — Thought; idea; a mental concept or opinion

ถูก

thùuk — Correct; cheap; to be acted upon by someone

ดูดซับ

dùut-sáp — To absorb; to soak up; to take in completely

งาน

ngaan — Work; job; an event or task to be done

มาก

mâak — Much; many; a large quantity or degree

แต่

tàe — But; however; introduces a contrasting statement

มัน

man — It; he/she informally; a third-person pronoun

ก็

gôo — Also; then; a particle linking clauses logically

ดู

duu — To look; to watch; to observe something visually

รูปลักษณ์

rûup-lák — Appearance; look; the external visual characteristics

เคร่งขรึม

khrêng-khrùem — Stern; serious; having a grave or solemn expression

หม่นหมอง

mòn-mǒong — Gloomy; dull; lacking brightness or cheerfulness

สายตา

sǎai-taa — Eyesight; gaze; the direction of one's vision

ขาด

khàat — To lack; to break; missing or insufficient amount

สดใส

sòt-sǎi — Bright; cheerful; lively and radiant in appearance

แสง

sǎeng — Light; ray; visible electromagnetic radiation

อาทิตย์

aa-thít — Sun; week; the star at the center of our system

อบอุ่น

òp-ùn — Warm; cozy; pleasantly warm in temperature or feeling

เกินไป

gəən-pai — Too much; excessively; beyond an acceptable degree

บรรเทา

ban-thao — To relieve; to alleviate; to reduce pain or burden

ลง

long — Down; to decrease; to go downward or diminish

น้อย

nóoi — Little; few; a small quantity or amount

อิทธิพล

ìt-thi-phon — Influence; power to affect others or situations

อ่อนโยน

òon-yoon — Gentle; tender; soft and kind in manner

คุ้นเคย

khún-khoei — Familiar; accustomed; well-acquainted with something

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which; that; a relative pronoun linking clauses

ทำให้

tham-hâi — To make; to cause; to cause something to happen

เกือบ

gùeap — Almost; nearly; very close to but not quite

ทุก

thúk — Every; each; all members of a group

ฉาก

chàak — Scene; setting; a backdrop or stage scene

ธรรมชาติ

tham-ma-châat — Nature; the natural world; innate character

ชีวิต

chii-wít — Life; existence; the state of being alive

จริง

jing — True; real; genuinely so; not false

อ่อนนุ่ม

òon-nûm — Soft; gentle; delicate and smooth in texture

ไม่ต้อง

mâi-tông — Need not; no need to do something

สงสัย

sǒng-sǎi — To doubt; to suspect; to be curious or uncertain

ควร

khuuan — Should; ought to; expressing moral or practical advice

ภาพ

phâap — Picture; image; a visual representation or scene

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; object; an item or matter in general

เหล่านั้น

lào-nán — Those; referring to previously mentioned plural items

ไม่

mâi — Not; no; a general negation particle

ดึงดูดใจ

dueng-dùut-jai — Attractive; appealing; drawing interest or attention

บางที

baang-thii — Sometimes; perhaps; possibly on some occasions

อาจ

àat — May; might; expressing possibility or uncertainty

เพราะ

phróo — Because; since; giving a reason for something

ปฏิวัติ

pa-ti-wát — Revolution; to revolt; a fundamental political upheaval

แทบ

thâep — Almost; barely; very nearly to a point

สำเร็จ

sǎm-rèt — To succeed; to complete; to achieve a goal

วุ่นวาย

wûn-waai — Chaotic; turbulent; disorderly and confusing situation

เดือด

dùeat — Boiling; furious; at boiling point literally or figuratively

พล่าน

phlâan — Swarming; frantically active; moving about chaotically

ก่อตัว

gòo-tua — To form; to take shape; to develop gradually

อย่างไร

yàang-rai — How; in what way; asking about manner or method

ก็ตาม

gôo-taam — Anyway; regardless; no matter what or however

นี่

nîi — This; here; pointing to something close by

มิใช่

mí-châi — Is not; formal negation denying identity or fact

สัญญาณ

sǎn-yaan — Signal; sign; an indication or alert conveying information

บ่งบอก

bòng-bòok — To indicate; to suggest; to point to a meaning

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach; until; up to a point or destination

ร่าเริง

râa-roeng — Cheerful; jolly; lively and in good spirits

จิตใจ

jìt-jai — Mind; heart; one's inner mental and emotional state

ผู้เขียน

phûu-khǐan — Writer; author; the person who wrote something

เขา

khǎo — He; she; they; a third-person personal pronoun

ความสุข

khwaam-sùk — Happiness; joy; a state of well-being and pleasure

มากกว่า

mâak-gwàa — More than; greater than; to a higher degree

ขณะ

khà-nà — While; moment; at the time when something occurs

เร่ร่อน

rêe-rôn — To wander; to roam; moving without fixed destination

ท่ามกลาง

thâam-glaang — Amidst; among; in the middle of a situation

มืดหม่น

mûet-mòn — Dark and gloomy; dim and dreary in atmosphere

จินตนาการ

jin-ta-naa-gaan — Imagination; fantasy; the ability to form mental images

ปราศจาก

prâat-jàak — Without; free from; lacking or devoid of something

เหล่านี้

lào-níi — These; referring to plural items nearby or just mentioned

ใดๆ

dai-dai — Any; whatsoever; whichever; used for emphasis

นับ

náp — To count; to number; to consider as something

ตั้งแต่

tâng-tàe — Since; from; starting from a point in time

บ้านพัก

bâan-phák — Residence; lodging; a place where someone stays

เก่า

gào — Old; worn; not new; having existed for long

แล้ว

láew — Already; then; done; indicates completed action