The Scarlet Letter — Page 85

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'.

ที่สุด

thîi sùt — Superlative marker meaning 'most' or 'extreme'.

แทนที่

thaen thîi — To replace or substitute something with another.

ภาพ

phâap — Image, picture, or visual representation.

ที่

thîi — Relative pronoun or preposition indicating place or position.

เปลี่ยนแปร

plìan praee — To change, transform, or vary over time.

เหล่า

lào — Group or classifier for a collection of people or things.

นั้น

nán — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'those'.

ก็

gôr — Particle meaning 'also', 'then', or 'as well'.

ได้

dâai — Auxiliary verb indicating ability or past tense.

ปรากฏ

praa-gòt — To appear, emerge, or become visible.

ขึ้น

khûen — To go up, rise, or increase in direction.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker.

อีก

ìik — Again, another, or additionally.

ครั้ง

khráng — Classifier for times or occurrences of an event.

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'that'.

เป็น

pen — Verb 'to be'; indicates state or identity.

ตลาด

ta-làat — Market, a place where goods are bought and sold.

อัน

an — General classifier for objects; also means 'which'.

หยาบ

yàap — Coarse, rough, or crude in manner or texture.

กระด้าง

gra-dâang — Harsh, rough, or rigid in nature or attitude.

ของ

khǒong — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'.

ชุมชน

chum-chon — Community or a group of people living together.

พร้อม

phróom — Ready, prepared, or together with.

ด้วย

dûay — Also, with, or by means of.

ชาวเมือง

chaao mueang — Townspeople or residents of a town or city.

ทุก

thúk — Every, all, or each without exception.

คน

khon — Person; classifier for people.

ชุมนุม

chum-num — To gather, assemble, or congregate as a group.

กัน

gan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective particle.

ต่าง

tàang — Different, various; each individually.

พุ่ง

phûng — To dart, thrust, or direct sharply forward.

สายตา

sǎai-taa — Gaze, eyesight, or line of vision.

เคร่งขรึม

khréng-khrûem — Stern, solemn, or grave in expression or manner.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle away from speaker.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, or toward; continuative particle.

ใช่

châi — Yes, correct, or affirmative answer to a question.

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then, or indicating completion of an action.

ตัว

tua — Body, self; classifier for animals and some objects.

เธอ

thoe — She, her, or you (informal, often feminine).

เอง

eeng — Self, oneself; emphasizes personal agency or identity.

ผู้

phûu — Person who; prefix indicating a doer or agent.

ยืน

yuen — To stand upright on one's feet.

อยู่

yùu — To be at, live, or remain somewhere; continuous marker.

บน

bon — On top of, above, or on a surface.

นั่งร้าน

nâng-ráan — Scaffold or scaffolding structure used as a platform.

เสา

sǎo — Pillar, post, or column as a structural support.

ประจาน

pra-jaan — Public shaming or pillory as a form of punishment.

มี

mii — To have, possess, or there is/are.

ทารก

thaa-rók — Infant or baby, a very young child.

อ้อมแขน

ôom-khǎen — Arms embracing; cradled in one's arms.

อักษร

àk-sǒon — Letter, character, or written symbol of an alphabet.

สี

sǐi — Color or shade of something visible.

แดง

daeng — Red, the color red.

เข้ม

khêm — Dark, deep, or intense in color or flavor.

ปัก

pàk — To embroider or stitch a design onto fabric.

ประดับ

pra-dàp — To decorate, adorn, or embellish with ornaments.

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner of; kind, type, or way.

วิจิตร

wi-jìt — Elaborate, exquisite, or beautifully intricate in design.

ด้าย

dâai — Thread or yarn used for sewing or weaving.

ทอง

thong — Gold; the precious yellow metal or its color.

อก

òk — Chest or bosom, the front of the torso.

ภาพประกอบ

phâap-pra-gòp — Illustration or image accompanying a text.

แท่น

thâen — Platform, pedestal, or raised base structure.

แห่ง

hàeng — Classifier for places; of or belonging to a location.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix forming abstract nouns from adjectives.

ทุกข์ระทม

thúk-ra-thom — Deep sorrow, anguish, or intense emotional suffering.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or informally people.

จริง

jing — True, real, genuine, or actually the case.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; question particle indicating a yes/no question.

กอด

gòot — To hug or embrace someone with one's arms.

แน่น

nâen — Tight, firm, or secure in grip or hold.

เข้า

khâo — To enter or go into; inward directional particle.

หา

hǎa — To seek, look for, or find something.

รุนแรง

run-raeng — Severe, violent, or intense in degree or force.

จน

jon — Until, to the point of; also means 'poor'.

เปล่ง

pléng — To emit, utter, or let out a sound or light.

เสียง

sǐang — Sound, voice, or noise produced by something.

ร้อง

róong — To cry out, scream, or make a loud vocal sound.

ออก

òok — To go out, exit; outward directional particle.

ก้ม

gôm — To bow or bend one's head or body downward.

ลง

long — To descend or go down; downward directional particle.

มอง

moong — To look at, gaze at, or observe visually.

แม้

máe — Even, although, or despite the fact that.

กระทั่ง

gra-thâng — Even, until, or up to a certain point.

เอา

ao — To take, get, or use; general action verb.

นิ้ว

níu — Finger or toe; also a unit of measurement.

แตะ

tàe — To touch lightly or tap something gently.

เพื่อ

phûea — In order to, for the purpose of doing something.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker meaning 'to make' or 'let'.

มั่นใจ

mân-jai — To be confident or certain about something.

ว่า

wâa — That; introduces a reported speech or clause.

อับอาย

àp-aai — Shameful, embarrassed, or feeling public humiliation.

เรื่อง

rûeang — Matter, story, issue, or topic of discussion.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, or matter in general reference.

นี้

níi — This, these; near demonstrative pronoun.

คือ

khue — Is, means, or namely; equating two concepts.

อื่น

ùen — Other, another, or different from what was mentioned.

สูญหาย

sǔun-hǎai — To be lost, missing, or disappeared permanently.

หมด

mòt — All gone, finished, or exhausted completely.

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes; 'the act of'.

จดจำ

jòt-jam — To memorize, remember, or commit something to memory.

จาก

jàak — From, away from, or departing a place or source.

รู้สึก

rúu-sùek — To feel or sense an emotion or physical sensation.

แรงกล้า

raeng-glâa — Intense, powerful, or overwhelmingly strong in feeling.

รู้

rúu — To know or be aware of facts or information.

ตน

ton — Oneself; formal reflexive pronoun referring to self.

เป้า

pâo — Target, goal, or focal point of attention.

เข้มงวด

khêm-ngûat — Strict, rigorous, or demanding in rules or standards.

ทั่วถ้วน

thûa-thûan — Thoroughly, completely, covering every part or aspect.

สวมใส่

sûam-sài — To wear or put on clothing or accessories.

ได้รับ

dâai-ráp — To receive, obtain, or be given something.

ผ่อนคลาย

phòon-khlaai — To relax, ease tension, or become less strict.

เมื่อ

mûea — When, at the time that a past event occurred.

สังเกต

sǎng-gèet — To observe, notice, or pay careful attention to.

เห็น

hěn — To see or perceive something visually.

ชาย

chaai — Man, male person; also means edge or margin.

ขอบ

khòop — Edge, border, rim, or boundary of something.

ฝูงชน

fùung-chon — Crowd or large group of people gathered together.

ร่าง

râang — Body, figure, or draft of a person or document.

หนึ่ง

nùeng — One; the number one or a single entity.

ครอบครอง

khróop-khroong — To possess, own, or occupy something as territory.

คิด

khít — To think, consider, or have a thought about something.

หลีก

lìik — To avoid, evade, or step aside from something.

เลี่ยง

lîang — To dodge, avoid, or evade a situation or thing.

ไม่

mâi — Not; general negation particle in Thai.

ชาว

chaao — People of or natives of a particular place or group.

เครื่อง

khrûeang — Machine, instrument, or classifier for sets of clothing.

แต่งกาย

tàeng-gaai — To dress up or wear a particular style of clothing.

พื้นเมือง

phûen-mueang — Native, indigenous, or belonging to the local culture.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, him, her; third-person singular pronoun.

นั่น

nân — That (over there); distal demonstrative pronoun.

แต่

tàe — But, however; conjunction indicating contrast or exception.

ผิว

phǐu — Skin or surface of a person or object.

มิใช่

mí-châi — Is not; formal negation of identity or classification.

เยือน

yuean — To visit or go to a place as a guest.

ยาก

yâak — Difficult, hard, or not easy to accomplish.

นัก

nák — Very, extremely; intensifier after adjectives or verbs.

อังกฤษ

ang-grìt — England or English; relating to Britain or its language.

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach, arrive at, or until a point.

ขนาด

kha-nàat — Size, scale, or extent of something measured.

พวก

phûak — Group, gang, or collective of people; 'they' informally.

จะ

jà — Future tense marker; will or going to do something.

ดึง

dueng — To pull, draw, or attract toward oneself.

สนใจ

sǒn-jai — To be interested in or pay attention to something.

เวลา

wee-laa — Time, period, or moment when something occurs.

เช่น

chên — Such as, for example, like; introduces examples.

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more, increasingly; comparative intensifier.

ต้อง

tôong — Must, have to; expressing necessity or obligation.

พูด

phûut — To speak, talk, or say something verbally.

ขับไล่

khàp-lâi — To expel, drive away, or banish someone forcefully.

ทั้งหมด

tháng-mòt — All, entire, or the whole of something together.

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind, or inner feelings and emotions.

ข้างๆ

khâang-khâang — Beside, next to, or alongside something or someone.

ดู

duu — To watch, look at, or view something.

เหมือน

mǔean — Similar to, like, or resembling something else.

เพื่อน

phûean — Friend or companion in a social relationship.

ร่วมทาง

rûam-thaang — Traveling companion or fellow traveler on a journey.

กับ

gàp — With, and, together with; connecting nouns or clauses.

ขาว

khǎao — White, the color white or pale complexion.

ประหลาด

pra-làat — Strange, odd, or unusual in an unexpected way.

ผสมผสาน

pha-sǒm-pha-sǎan — To blend, mix, or integrate different elements together.

สับสน

sàp-sǒn — Confused, mixed up, or in a state of disorder.

ระหว่าง

ra-wàang — Between, among, or during a period of time.

เสื้อผ้า

sûea-phâa — Clothing, garments, or articles of dress worn on body.

แบบ

bàep — Style, pattern, type, or form of something.

อารยชน

aa-ra-ya-chon — Civilized people or those from a developed civilization.

ป่า

pàa — Forest, jungle, or wild uninhabited natural area.