The Scarlet Letter — Page 89

Vocabulary

ความจริง

khwaam jing — truth; the state of being factually correct

แล้ว

laeo — already; then; indicates completed action

เพื่อน

phuean — friend; companion; close acquaintance

เรื่อง

rueang — story; matter; topic; subject of discussion

นั้น

nan — that; those; referring to something previously mentioned

ยังคง

yang khong — still; continues to remain in a state

เป็น

pen — to be; to exist as something

ปริศนา

pri-sa-naa — mystery; puzzle; enigma; unsolved question

อยู่

yuu — to be located; to stay; to exist somewhere

และ

lae — and; connecting words or phrases together

ผู้

phuu — person; one who; prefix indicating a person

ที่

thii — at; which; that; relative pronoun or place marker

จะ

ja — will; going to; future tense marker

อธิบาย

a-thi-baai — to explain; to clarify; to describe in detail

มัน

man — it; that thing; third person pronoun for objects

ยัง

yang — still; yet; also; still continuing an action

ไม่

mai — not; no; negation marker in Thai

ปรากฏตัว

praa-kot tua — to appear; to show oneself; to make an appearance

ชาวเมือง

chaao mueang — townspeople; citizens; residents of a town

ตอบ

toop — to answer; to respond; to reply to someone

นาง

naang — woman; Mrs.; title for adult female

ปฏิเสธ

pa-ti-set — to deny; to refuse; to reject a claim

พูด

phuut — to speak; to talk; to say something

โดย

dooi — by; by means of; indicating method or agent

สิ้นเชิง

sin choeng — completely; entirely; totally; without exception

บรรดา

ban-daa — all; those; a group of things or people

ผู้พิพากษา

phuu phi-phak-saa — judge; magistrate; one who decides legal cases

ได้

daai — can; able to; indicates past tense or ability

ร่วมกัน

ruam kan — together; jointly; in cooperation with each other

คิด

khit — to think; to consider; to ponder something

หา

haa — to search for; to look for; to seek

ทางออก

thaang awk — exit; solution; way out of a problem

แต่

tae — but; however; yet; contrasting conjunction

ก็

ko — also; then; too; discourse particle in Thai

ไร้ผล

rai phon — fruitless; ineffective; without result or success

บางที

baang thii — sometimes; perhaps; maybe; occasionally

มี

mii — to have; there is; to possess something

ความผิด

khwaam phit — fault; guilt; wrongdoing; criminal offense

อาจ

aat — might; may; perhaps; expressing possibility

กำลัง

kam-lang — currently doing; strength; power; progressive marker

ยืน

yuen — to stand; to be in an upright position

มองดู

mong duu — to look at; to observe; to gaze upon something

ภาพ

phaap — image; picture; scene; visual representation

อัน

an — one; a; classifier for various objects

น่าเศร้า

naa sao — sad; pitiful; causing feelings of sadness

นี้

nii — this; these; referring to something nearby

ไม่มี

mai mii — there is not; to not have; none

ใคร

khrai — who; anyone; someone; which person

รู้จัก

ruu jak — to know someone; to be acquainted with

ลืม

luem — to forget; to fail to remember something

ไป

pai — to go; away; indicates direction or completion

ว่า

waa — that; to say; quotation or subordinate clause marker

พระเจ้า

phra jao — God; a deity; the divine supreme being

ทอด

thoot — to cast; to extend; to lay out; to fry

เห็น

hen — to see; to notice; to observe visually

เขา

khao — he; she; they; third person pronoun

บัณฑิต

ban-dit — scholar; learned person; university graduate

คนแปลกหน้า

khon plaek naa — stranger; unknown person; someone unfamiliar

สังเกต

sang-ket — to observe; to notice; to pay close attention

พร้อม

phrom — ready; prepared; along with; simultaneously

ยิ้ม

yim — to smile; showing happiness through facial expression

อีก

iik — again; another; more; additionally

ครั้ง

khrang — time; occasion; instance; classifier for occurrences

ควร

khuan — should; ought to; appropriate; recommended action

มา

maa — to come; to arrive; indicates action toward speaker

ด้วย

duay — with; also; too; by means of

ตนเอง

ton eng — oneself; himself; herself; by one's own self

เพื่อ

phuea — in order to; for the purpose of; so that

สืบสาว

suep saao — to investigate; to trace; to probe into something

นั่น

nan — that; over there; referring to a distant thing

สิ่ง

sing — thing; object; matter; entity

กระทำ

kra-tham — to do; to commit; to perform an action

หาก

haak — if; in case; supposing that; conditional particle

ยังมี

yang mii — still has; there still exists; continues to have

ชีวิต

chii-wit — life; existence; living being's vital existence

บัดนี้

bat nii — now; at this moment; currently; at present

ท่าน

than — you; he; she; honorific pronoun for respected person

ผู้มีเกียรติ

phuu mii kiat — honorable person; dignitary; person of high standing

คณะ

kha-na — committee; group; faculty; official body of people

แห่ง

haeng — of; from; classifier for places or institutions

ของ

khoong — of; belonging to; possessive marker in Thai

เรา

rao — we; us; I; first person pronoun (singular/plural)

เมื่อ

mueа — when; at the time that; upon a past occasion

คำนึง

kham-nueng — to consider; to take into account; to reflect on

หญิง

ying — woman; female; girl; female gender

เยาว์วัย

yao wai — young; youthful; of a young age

งดงาม

ngot ngaam — beautiful; gorgeous; elegantly attractive in appearance

ไม่ต้องสงสัย

mai tong song-sai — undoubtedly; without doubt; certainly; unquestionably

เธอ

thoe — she; her; you (informal); female pronoun

ถูก

thuuk — to be; passive marker; correct; cheap

ล่อลวง

lo luang — to deceive; to lure; to entice with false pretenses

อย่าง

yaang — way; manner; kind; like; in the manner of

หนัก

nak — heavy; severe; hard; difficult; intense

จน

jon — until; to the point that; poor; destitute

ล้มเหลว

lom leo — to fail; to collapse; to be unsuccessful

ยิ่ง

ying — even more; increasingly; the more; intensifier

กว่า

kwaa — more than; compared to; exceeding a quantity

ตาม

taam — according to; to follow; along; in accordance with

น่า

naa — worthy of; should; prefix indicating something deserving

มาก

maak — many; much; a lot; very; in great quantity

ที่สุด

thii sut — most; extremely; superlative degree marker

สามี

saa-mii — husband; male spouse; married male partner

จม

jom — to sink; to submerge; to go under water

ก้น

kon — bottom; base; buttocks; the lowest part

ทะเล

tha-lee — sea; ocean; large body of salt water

จึง

jueng — therefore; so; consequently; as a result

กล้า

klaa — brave; daring; bold; courageous; to dare to

บังคับใช้

bang-khap chai — to enforce; to apply; to put into effect

กฎหมาย

kot maai — law; legislation; legal rule or regulation

ชอบธรรม

choop tham — righteous; just; legitimate; morally correct

ถึงที่สุด

thueng thii sut — to the fullest extent; completely; to the utmost

กับ

kap — with; and; together with; against

โทษ

thoot — punishment; penalty; sentence; to blame

สำหรับ

sam-rap — for; intended for; in regard to someone

คือ

khue — is; means; that is; to be equal to

ความตาย

khwaam taai — death; the end of life; dying

ความเมตตากรุณา

khwaam met-taa ka-ru-naa — compassion; mercy; loving kindness toward others

ความอ่อนโยน

khwaam on yon — gentleness; tenderness; softness in manner or character

หัวใจ

hua jai — heart; the organ; one's emotional center

ยิ่งใหญ่

ying yai — great; magnificent; grand; impressive in scale

พวกเขา

phuak khao — they; them; a group of people being referred to

ตัดสิน

tat-sin — to judge; to decide; to make a ruling

ให้

hai — to give; to allow; for; causative verb marker

บน

bon — on; above; on top of; upper surface

แท่น

thaen — platform; pedestal; stand; raised base structure

ประจาน

pra-jaan — to publicly shame; to expose to public humiliation

เพียง

phiang — only; merely; just; no more than

สาม

saam — three; the number 3

ชั่วโมง

chua moong — hour; a period of sixty minutes

จากนั้น

jaak nan — after that; then; subsequently; following that event

ตลอด

ta-loot — throughout; all along; for the entire duration

เหลือ

luea — remaining; left over; to have remaining

ต้อง

tong — must; have to; need to; obligated to do

สวม

suam — to wear; to put on clothing or accessories

ตรา

traa — stamp; seal; badge; emblem; brand mark

ความอับอาย

khwaam ap aai — shame; embarrassment; feeling of humiliation

ไว้

wai — to keep; to place; to store; indicates retention

อก

ok — chest; breast; the front of the torso

คำพิพากษา

kham phi-phak-saa — verdict; judgment; official court sentence or ruling

ชาญฉลาด

chaan cha-laat — clever; wise; intelligent; shrewd in thinking

ก้ม

kom — to bow; to bend down; to lower one's head

ศีรษะ

sii-sa — head; the uppermost part of the human body

เคร่งขรึม

khreang khruem — solemn; serious; stern; grave in manner

ดังนั้น

dang nan — therefore; thus; so; as a result of that

เสมือน

sa-muean — as if; like; resembling; similar to something

บท

bot — chapter; lesson; sermon; role; section of text

เทศนา

thet-sa-naa — sermon; preaching; a religious or moral lecture

มีชีวิต

mii chii-wit — to be alive; to have life; living

ต่อต้าน

to taan — to oppose; to resist; to fight against something

บาป

baap — sin; wrongdoing; moral transgression; evil act

จนกว่า

jon kwaa — until; up to the point when something happens

ตัวอักษร

tua ak-soon — letter; character; alphabet symbol; written character

ความอัปยศ

khwaam ap-pa-yot — disgrace; ignominy; deep shame; dishonor

จารึก

jaa-ruek — inscription; to engrave; to carve letters into surface

หลุมศพ

lum sop — grave; tomb; burial site for a deceased person

อย่างไรก็ตาม

yaang rai ko taam — however; nevertheless; regardless; even so

ทำให้

tham hai — to make; to cause; to result in something

ข้าพเจ้า

khaa pha jao — I; me; formal and humble first person pronoun

รู้สึก

ruu-suek — to feel; to sense; to experience an emotion

ข้องใจ

khong jai — puzzled; troubled; confused; suspicious about something

ผู้ร่วม

phuu ruam — partner; accomplice; one who participates together

ใน

nai — in; inside; within; contained in a place

ความชั่วช้า

khwaam chua chaa — wickedness; vileness; extreme moral corruption

ไม่ได้

mai daai — cannot; did not; unable to; negation of ability

นั่งร้าน

nang raan — scaffolding; platform; structure used for public display

ประหาร

pra-haan — to execute; to put to death; capital punishment

ข้างๆ

khaang khaang — beside; next to; alongside; nearby on the side

อย่างน้อย

yaang noi — at least; at a minimum; no less than