The Scarlet Letter — Page 90

Vocabulary

แต่

tàe — But, however; conjunction showing contrast

เขา

khǎo — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker

ถูก

thùuk — To be subjected to; passive voice marker

เปิดเผย

pòoet phooei — To reveal, expose, or disclose something openly

โค้งคำนับ

khóong kham náp — To bow respectfully as a formal greeting

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner of; used to form adverbs

สุภาพ

sù phâap — Polite, courteous, well-mannered in behavior

ต่อ

tòo — Toward, to, per; preposition indicating direction or ratio

ชาวเมือง

chaao mueang — Townspeople, city dwellers, urban residents

ที่

thîi — That, which; relative pronoun or place marker

พูดคุย

phûut khui — To chat, converse casually with someone

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating state or identity

มิตร

mít — Friend, ally; someone on friendly terms

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

กระซิบ

krà síp — To whisper quietly into someone's ear

คำพูด

kham phûut — Words, speech, utterance; what someone says

สั้นๆ

sân sân — Very brief, short; in a concise manner

กับ

kàp — With, and; preposition linking nouns together

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings

รับใช้

ráp chái — To serve, attend to someone's needs

ชาว

chaao — People of a particular place or group

อินเดียน

in dian — Indian; referring to Native American people

ของ

khǒong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then; indicates completed action or sequence

ทั้งสอง

tháng sǒong — Both; referring to two people or things together

ก็

kôo — Also, then; connective particle indicating consequence

เดิน

dooen — To walk, move on foot

ฝ่า

fàa — To push through, penetrate a crowd or obstacle

ฝูงชน

fûung chon — Crowd, throng of people gathered together

ออกไป

òok pai — To go out, exit, move away from somewhere

ขณะ

khà nà — While, moment, during a particular time

เหตุการณ์

hèet kaan — Event, incident, situation that takes place

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

ดำเนินไป

dam nooen pai — To proceed, unfold, continue progressing forward

ยืน

yuuen — To stand, remain upright on one's feet

อยู่

yùu — To be at, stay, exist at a location

บน

bon — On, upon, above a surface or platform

แท่น

thâen — Platform, pedestal, raised stand or scaffold

เธอ

thooe — She, her; feminine third-person pronoun

โดย

dooi — By, through, via; indicates means or agent

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates ongoing or continuing state

คง

khong — Probably, likely; indicates assumption or continuity

จ้องมอง

jôong moong — To stare fixedly, gaze intently at something

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away

แปลกหน้า

plàaek nâa — Stranger, unfamiliar face; someone unknown

ไม่

mâi — Not; negation particle for verbs and adjectives

ละ

lá — To leave, release, abandon; particle softening sentences

สายตา

sǎai taa — Gaze, eyesight, line of vision

แน่วแน่

nâaeo nâae — Firm, resolute, steadfast in focus or intention

จน

jon — Until, to the point of; conjunction of result

กระทั่ง

krà thâng — Until, even, up to a certain point

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or concept

ยาม

yaam — During a time, period, moment of circumstance

จิตใจ

jìt jai — Mind, heart, spirit; one's inner emotional state

ตั้งมั่น

tâng mân — Steadfast, firmly established, resolute in mind

เข้มข้น

khêm khôn — Intense, concentrated, strong in degree or quality

สรรพสิ่ง

sàp phà sìng — All things, everything in existence around us

อื่น

ùuen — Other, else, another different thing or person

ทั้งหมด

tháng mòt — All, entire, everything included without exception

โลก

lôok — World, earth, universe; the entire realm of existence

มองเห็น

moong hěn — To see, perceive visually, catch sight of

ได้

dâi — Can, able to; also marks past or successful action

ดู

duu — To look, watch, observe something

เหมือน

mǔuean — Like, similar to, resembling something else

เลือน

luuean — Faded, blurred, becoming indistinct or dim

หายไป

hǎai pai — To disappear, vanish, be gone from sight

เหลือ

lǔuea — To remain, be left over, have remaining

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just; limiting to small amount

เท่านั้น

thâo nán — Only that, nothing more, solely that one thing

การ

kaan — Act of, process of; nominalizing prefix for verbs

พบกัน

phóp kan — To meet each other, encounter one another

เช่น

chên — Such as, for example, like; used for illustration

บางที

baang thii — Sometimes, perhaps, maybe on some occasions

อาจ

àat — Might, may, possibly; expresses uncertainty or possibility

น่าสะพรึงกลัว

nâa sà phrueng kluua — Terrifying, dreadful, causing great fear or horror

ยิ่งกว่า

yîng kwàa — More than, even more so, to greater degree

ต้อง

tôong — Must, have to; expresses obligation or necessity

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

เผชิญหน้า

phà chooen nâa — To confront, face someone directly and boldly

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby thing

ท่ามกลาง

thâam klaang — Amid, in the middle of, surrounded by

แสงแดด

sǎaeng dàaet — Sunlight, sunshine; light from the sun

ร้อนระอุ

rôon rá u — Scorching hot, sweltering, intensely heated

เที่ยงวัน

thîiang wan — Noon, midday; twelve o'clock in the daytime

แผดเผา

phàaet phǎo — To scorch, blaze, burn intensely with heat

ใบหน้า

bai nâa — Face; the front part of one's head

ส่องประกาย

sòng prà kaai — To glimmer, shine, sparkle with light

แห่ง

hàeng — Of, from; classifier for places or abstract things

ความ

khwaam — State of, condition; nominalizing prefix for adjectives

อับอาย

àp aai — Shame, humiliation; feeling of deep embarrassment

ด้วย

dûuai — Also, with, by means of; adds or joins ideas

สัญลักษณ์

sǎn lák — Symbol, sign, emblem representing an idea

สีแดง

sǐi daaeng — Red color; the color of blood or fire

เสื่อมเสีย

sùuam sǐia — Degraded, dishonored, having lost one's reputation

อก

òk — Chest, breast; the front of one's torso

เสื้อ

sûuea — Shirt, garment; piece of clothing worn on top

ทารก

thaa rók — Infant, baby; a very young child

เกิด

kòoet — To be born, arise, occur, come into existence

จาก

jàak — From, out of; indicates origin or departure point

บาป

bàap — Sin, wrongdoing; immoral act against moral law

อ้อมแขน

ôom khǎaen — Arms, embrace; one's arms held around someone

ผู้คน

phûu khon — People, persons; referring to a group of individuals

หลั่งไหล

làng lǎi — To stream, flow in large numbers or quantities

ราวกับ

raao kàp — As if, just like; used for vivid comparison

งาน

ngaan — Work, event, festival; task or organized gathering

เทศกาล

thêet sà kaan — Festival, celebration; a special festive occasion

ควร

khuuan — Should, ought to; expresses recommendation or propriety

ได้รับ

dâi ráp — To receive, obtain, get something from someone

แค่

khâae — Only, just, merely; limits to a small degree

แสง

sǎaeng — Light, ray; illumination from a source

สลัว

sà luua — Dim, faint, weakly lit; not bright

อัน

an — A, one; classifier or article for general objects

เงียบสงบ

ngîiap sà ngòp — Quiet, peaceful, calm and undisturbed

เตาไฟ

tao fai — Fireplace, hearth, cooking stove with fire

เงา

ngao — Shadow, shade, reflection; dark silhouette cast by light

ความสุข

khwaam sùk — Happiness, joy, well-being; state of feeling glad

บ้าน

bâan — Home, house; one's dwelling place

หรือ

rǔue — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives or asking questions

ใต้

tâi — Under, beneath, below; indicates lower position

ผ้าคลุมศีรษะ

phâa khlum sǐi rá sà — Head covering, veil, cloth covering the head

สตรี

sàt trii — Woman, female; formal word for a woman

ผู้

phûu — Person who; prefix indicating a person doing action

แม่บ้าน

mâae bâan — Housewife, housekeeper; woman managing a household

โบสถ์

bòot — Church or temple; building for religious worship

แม้

máae — Even though, although; concessive conjunction

น่าสยดสยอง

nâa sà yòt sà yoong — Horrifying, ghastly, causing intense disgust or horror

เพียงใด

phiang dai — However much, to whatever degree or extent

ตระหนัก

trà nàk — To realize, be aware of, become conscious of

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach, arrive at; until, up to

ที่กำบัง

thîi kam bang — Shelter, hiding place, protective cover from exposure

มี

mii — To have, there is/are; indicates existence or possession

พยาน

phá yaan — Witness; someone who sees or testifies to events

นับพัน

náp phan — Thousands, counting in thousands; very many

เคียงข้าง

khiiang khâang — Beside, alongside, next to someone or something

มากมาย

mâak maai — Many, numerous, a great deal of something

กั้น

kân — To separate, partition, block between two things

ระหว่าง

rá wàang — Between, among, during; in the space separating things

ดีกว่า

dii kwàa — Better than; superior in quality or preference

ทักทาย

thák thaai — To greet, say hello, exchange pleasantries with someone

แบบ

bàaep — Style, type, manner, pattern of doing something

สอง

sǒong — Two; the number 2

ลำพัง

lam phang — Alone, by oneself, without others' company

หนี

nǐi — To flee, run away, escape from something

พึ่งพิง

phûeng phing — To rely on, depend upon, lean on someone

หาก

hàak — If, in case that; conditional conjunction

กล่าว

klàao — To say, speak, state formally or in narrative

ตัว

tuua — Body, self; classifier for animals and some objects

สาธารณะ

sǎa thaa rá ná — Public, open to all, belonging to the community

หวาดกลัว

wàat kluua — To fear, be frightened, feel dread or terror

ช่วงเวลา

chûuang wee laa — Period of time, span, duration of a timeframe

คุ้มครอง

khúm khroong — To protect, guard, provide shelter or defense

ถอน

thǒon — To withdraw, pull out, remove from a place