The Scarlet Letter — Page 93

Vocabulary

เขา

khao — He, she, or they; third person pronoun

ดู

du — To look, watch, or appear

เหมือน

muean — Similar to, like, resembling something else

ภาพ

phap — Image, picture, or visual representation

แกะสลัก

kae salak — To carve or engrave a design into material

สี

si — Color; also means to paint or apply color

เข้ม

khem — Dark, deep, or intense in shade or flavor

ที่

thi — At, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker

เรา

rao — We, us, or informal 'I' in Thai

เห็น

hen — To see or perceive with the eyes

ประดับ

pradap — To decorate or adorn with ornaments

อยู่

yu — To be located at; to stay or live

หน้า

na — Face, front, or page of a book

หนังสือ

nangsu — Book, letter, or written document

รวม

ruam — To combine, include, or gather together

บท

bot — Chapter, lesson, or passage of text

เทศนา

thetsana — A sermon or religious discourse delivered publicly

เก่าๆ

kao kao — Old, aged, or worn; reduplication intensifies meaning

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ไม่

mai — Not; negation particle used before verbs

มี

mi — To have or there is/are

สิทธิ์

sit — Right, privilege, or entitlement granted to someone

มาก

mak — Much, many, a lot; indicates high quantity

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away

กว่า

kwa — More than; comparative particle in Thai

เหล่า

lao — Those, these; classifier or plural marker for groups

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

จะ

cha — Will, shall; future tense marker in Thai

พึง

phueng — Should, ought to; formal modal auxiliary verb

ก้าว

kao — Step, stride; to step forward or progress

ออก

ok — Out, outside; directional particle meaning outward

มา

ma — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward

อย่าง

yang — Manner, way, kind; like or as in comparisons

กระทำ

kratham — To do, commit, or perform an action formally

นี้

ni — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

ยุ่งเกี่ยว

yung kiao — To be involved or entangled with something

กับ

kap — With, and; preposition connecting nouns or phrases

คำถาม

kham tham — Question or inquiry posed to someone

ว่า

wa — That; complementizer introducing reported speech or thought

ด้วย

duay — Also, with, by means of; addition particle

ความ

khwam — Abstract noun prefix indicating a state or quality

ผิด

phit — Wrong, incorrect, or guilty of an offense

อารมณ์

aram — Emotion, mood, or feeling experienced internally

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thuk thoraman — To suffer greatly; intense pain or torment

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

มนุษย์

manut — Human being, mankind, or the human race

นักบวช

nak buат — Clergy member, monk, or ordained religious person

กล่าว

klao — To say, speak, or state formally

ข้าพเจ้า

kha phachao — Formal first-person pronoun; I, used respectfully

ได้

dai — Can, could; past tense marker or ability indicator

พยายาม

phayayam — To try, attempt, or make an effort

น้องชาย

nong chai — Younger brother in the family

หนุ่ม

num — Young man; youthful male adult

นี่

ni — This here; informal demonstrative or attention-getter

ผู้

phu — Person who; prefix indicating a person or agent

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun in formal Thai

ท่าน

than — You; respectful second or third person pronoun

รับ

rap — To receive, accept, or take something offered

เกียรติ

kiat — Honor, prestige, or reputation held by someone

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning to cause or let

นั่ง

nang — To sit down in a seated position

ฟัง

fang — To listen or hear attentively

การ

kan — Noun-forming prefix indicating an action or process

พระ

phra — Sacred, holy; prefix for monks or royalty

วจนะ

wachana — Word, utterance; often refers to divine scripture

ณ

na — At, in; formal preposition indicating location

วาง

wang — To place, put, or lay something down

มือ

mue — Hand; the body part used for grasping

บน

bon — On top of, above; preposition of position

ไหล่

lai — Shoulder; the upper part of the arm joint

ชาย

chai — Male, man; also refers to edge or border

ผิว

phio — Skin, complexion, or surface of the body

ซีด

sit — Pale, pallid; lacking color in the face

ข้างๆ

khang khang — Beside, next to, on the side of

ขอ

kho — To request, ask for, or beg something

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to, for the purpose of

โน้มน้าว

nomnaо — To persuade or convince someone to do something

เยาวชน

yaowachon — Youth, young people as a social group

ศรัทธา

sattha — Faith, belief, or devotion toward something sacred

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time

พระเจ้า

phrachao — God, Lord; the divine being in religion

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings

จัดการ

chatkan — To manage, handle, or deal with a matter

เบื้องหน้า

bueang na — Before, in front of; looking toward the future

สรวงสวรรค์

suang sawan — Heaven, paradise; the celestial realm above earth

ต่อหน้า

to na — In front of, in the presence of someone

ปกครอง

pokkhrong — To rule, govern, or administer over a territory

ชาญฉลาด

chan chalat — Wise, intelligent, and clever in judgment

เที่ยงธรรม

Just, fair, impartial; upholding moral righteousness

ปวง

puang — All, every; refers to an entire group

ประชา

pracha — People, populace; the general public or citizens

ยิน

yin — To hear or be willing; used in compounds

เรื่อง

rueang — Story, matter, topic, or issue being discussed

ชั่วช้า

chua cha — Wicked, vile, morally corrupt or despicable

มืดดำ

muet dam — Pitch dark, very dark; deep black darkness

แห่ง

haeng — Of, from; formal classifier for places or institutions

บาป

bap — Sin, wrongdoing; morally transgressive act

เนื่องจาก

nueang chak — Because of, due to; formal causal conjunction

รู้จัก

ru chak — To know or be acquainted with someone or something

ตาม

tam — According to, following, or chasing after something

ธรรมชาติ

thammachat — Nature, the natural world; innate character

ดี

di — Good, well; positive quality or condition

จึง

chueng — Therefore, so, thus; logical result conjunction

สามารถ

samat — To be able to, capable of doing something

ตัดสิน

tatsin — To judge, decide, or make a ruling

ใช้

chai — To use, utilize, or employ something

เหตุผล

hetphon — Reason, rationale, or logical justification

ใด

dai — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

ไม่ว่า

mai wa — Regardless of, no matter whether; concessive phrase

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating state or identity

อ่อนโยน

on yon — Gentle, tender, soft in manner or touch

หรือ

rue — Or; disjunctive conjunction between alternatives

หวาดกลัว

wat klua — To be afraid or terrified of something

อาจ

at — May, might; modal verb indicating possibility

เอาชนะ

ao chana — To overcome, defeat, or win against someone

ดื้อรั้น

due ran — Stubborn, obstinate; refusing to change one's mind

ดื้อดึง

due dueng — Persistently stubborn or tenaciously resistant

ปิดบัง

pit bang — To conceal, hide, or cover something up

ชื่อ

chue — Name; what a person or thing is called

ล่อลวง

lo luang — To deceive, lure, or trick someone falsely

ตกต่ำ

tok tam — To decline, fall, or deteriorate in status

สาหัส

sahat — Serious, severe, or critically dangerous condition

อีก

ik — More, again, another; indicates addition or repetition

ต่อ

to — Per, against, to continue; connecting preposition

แต่

tae — But, however; adversative conjunction contrasting ideas

คัดค้าน

khat khan — To object, oppose, or protest against something

เกิน

koen — To exceed, be more than, or too much

แม้ว่า

mae wa — Even though, although; concessive conjunction

ฉลาด

chalat — Smart, intelligent, or clever in thinking

วัย

wai — Age, era, or stage of life

บังคับ

bangkhap — To force, compel, or mandate someone to act

เธอ

thoe — She, her, you; informal second or third person pronoun

เปิดเผย

poet phoei — To reveal, disclose, or make something public

ลับ

lap — Secret, hidden, or confidential information

ใจ

chai — Heart, mind; center of emotion and thought

กลาง

klang — Middle, center, or amid a space

แสง

saeng — Light, ray, or beam of illumination

แดด

daet — Sunlight, sunshine; light from the sun

จ้า

cha — Brilliant, glaring, intensely bright light

เช่น

chen — Such as, for example, like; giving examples

ผู้คน

phu khon — People, folk; a group of human beings

จำนวน

chamnuan — Number, quantity, or amount of something counted

มหาศาล

mahasan — Enormous, vast, or immensely large in scale

แท้จริง

thae ching — True, genuine, or in reality; authentic fact

ผู้หญิง

phu ying — Woman, female; an adult female person

ดัง

dang — Loud, famous; as, like in comparisons

อัปยศ

appayot — Disgrace, shame, or public humiliation

ไม่ใช่

mai chai — Is not, not the case; strong negation of identity