The Scarlet Letter — Page 110

Vocabulary

แต่

tàe — But, however; conjunction contrasting two clauses.

บัดนี้

bàt níi — Now, at this moment; formal or literary term.

ด้วย

dûay — Also, with, by means of; versatile particle.

การเดิน

gaan dəən — The act of walking; noun form of walk.

ออก

òok — To exit, go out, emerge from a place.

จาก

jàak — From, away from; indicates separation or origin.

ประตู

prà-dtuu — Door, gate; an entrance or exit structure.

คุก

khúk — Prison, jail; a place of confinement.

อย่าง

yàang — In the manner of, type, kind, like.

โดดเดี่ยว

dòot dìiao — Lonely, isolated, solitary; feeling alone.

นี้เอง

níi eeng — Exactly this, precisely at this point.

จึง

jʉng — Therefore, thus; indicates a logical consequence.

เริ่มต้น

rəəm dtôn — To begin, start; the commencement of something.

กิจวัตร

gìt-jà-wàt — Routine, daily practice; regular habitual activities.

ประจำวัน

prà-jam wan — Daily, everyday; recurring on a daily basis.

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses.

เธอ

təə — She, her, you (informal); second or third person pronoun.

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker.

ต้อง

dtông — Must, have to; expresses necessity or obligation.

ทั้ง

táng — Both, all, entire; inclusive determiner.

ยืนหยัด

yʉʉn yàt — To stand firm, persevere, remain steadfast.

ก้าว

gâaw — Step, stride; a single movement forward.

ต่อไป

dtòr bpai — Continue, onward, further; to keep going ahead.

ทรัพยากร

sáp-pá-yaa-gon — Resource, asset; available means or supplies.

ธรรมดา

tam-má-daa — Ordinary, normal, common; not special or unusual.

ของ

kɔ̌ɔng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle.

ธรรมชาติ

tam-má-châat — Nature; the natural world and its phenomena.

แห่ง

hàeng — Of, at; classifier for places or locations.

ตน

dton — Oneself, self; reflexive or formal personal pronoun.

หรือ

rʉ̌ʉ — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives.

ไม่ก็

mâi gɔ̂ — Otherwise, or else; presenting an alternative option.

จม

jom — To sink, submerge; to go under liquid.

ดิ่ง

dìng — To plunge straight down, dive headlong.

ลง

long — Down, to descend; directional particle downward.

ไป

bpai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away.

ใต้

dtâi — Under, beneath, below; lower position.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

ไม่อาจ

mâi àat — Cannot, unable to; expressing impossibility.

ยืม

yʉʉm — To borrow; to temporarily take something from someone.

เอา

ao — To take, get; to obtain or grab something.

สิ่งใด

sìng dai — Anything, whatever; referring to any thing.

อนาคต

à-naa-khot — Future; the time that has not yet come.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker.

ช่วย

chûay — To help, assist; to aid someone in need.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative particle meaning to let or allow.

ผ่านพ้น

phàan phón — To pass through, get through a difficult period.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix indicating an abstract concept or state.

เศร้าโศก

sâo sòok — Grief, sorrow, deep sadness; feeling of mourning.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition of location.

ปัจจุบัน

bpàt-jù-ban — Present, current; the existing time or now.

ได้

dâai — Can, able to; past tense or ability marker.

อีกต่อไป

ìik dtòr bpai — Anymore, any longer; continuing into the future.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

พรุ่งนี้

phrûng níi — Tomorrow; the day after today.

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, carry; to guide forward.

การทดสอบ

gaan tót sòop — Test, trial, examination; a challenging assessment.

เอง

eeng — Self, oneself; emphasizes personal action or identity.

ถัดไป

tàt bpai — Next, following; the one immediately after.

ก็

gɔ̂ — Also, then, too; discourse particle for continuity.

เช่นกัน

chên gan — Likewise, same, as well; indicating similarity.

ต่อๆ

dtòr dtòr — Successively, one after another, continuously repeated.

แต่ละ

dtàe lá — Each, every individual one; separate enumeration.

มี

mii — To have, there is/are; indicates existence or possession.

ยังคง

yang kong — Still, continue to; persisting in a state.

เป็น

bpen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, matter; a general noun classifier.

เดิม

dəəm — Original, former, same as before; unchanged.

นั้น

nán — That, those; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

ที่

thîi — At, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker.

ช่าง

châang — How very, so; intensifier expressing strong quality.

เจ็บปวด

jèp bpùat — Pain, ache; physical or emotional suffering.

จน

jon — Until, to the point of; up to a limit.

เอ่ย

əəi — To utter, mention, say; to begin speaking something.

ถ้อยคำ

tôi kam — Words, speech, expression; spoken or written language.

ใด

dai — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun.

รับมือ

ráp mʉʉ — To cope with, handle, deal with a challenge.

วันเวลา

wan wee-laa — Days and time; the passage of time generally.

อัน

an — Classifier for items; which, that (relative pronoun).

ไกลโพ้น

glai phóon — Far away, distant; a remote and faraway place.

ดำเนิน

dam-nəən — To proceed, carry on, conduct; to move forward.

ยากเย็น

yâak yen — Extremely difficult, arduous; requiring great effort.

ภาระ

phaa-rá — Burden, responsibility; a heavy load to bear.

แบกรับ

bàek ráp — To bear, shoulder, carry a burden or responsibility.

นำพา

nam phaa — To lead along, guide, bring someone somewhere.

ปัดทิ้ง

bpàt tíng — To brush aside, discard, cast away something.

เลย

ləəi — At all, so, then; intensifier or result particle.

เพราะ

phrɔ́ — Because, since; conjunction giving reason or cause.

สะสม

sà-sǒm — To accumulate, collect, build up over time.

พอกพูน

phôok phuun — To pile up, accumulate, increase gradually over time.

ปีแล้วปีเล่า

bpii láew bpii lâo — Year after year; repeated occurrence across many years.

กอง

gɔɔng — Pile, heap, stack; a grouped collection of things.

เพิ่ม

pəəm — To increase, add, augment; to make more.

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thúk thora-maan — Suffering, torment, anguish; intense pain or misery.

ขึ้น

kʉ̂n — Up, to rise; directional particle indicating upward movement.

บน

bon — On, above, on top of; preposition of surface.

อัปยศ

àp-pà-yót — Disgrace, shame, dishonor; a state of ignominy.

ตลอด

tà-lòot — Throughout, all along, entire duration; without interruption.

ช่วง

chûang — Period, span, interval; a segment of time or space.

เวลา

wee-laa — Time; a measurable period or moment.

ทั้งหมด

táng mòt — All, everything, entire amount; the whole total.

สูญเสีย

sǔun sǐia — To lose, suffer a loss; to be deprived of.

ปัจเจก

bpàt-jèek — Individual, singular; relating to a specific person.

บุคคล

búk-khon — Person, individual; a human being formally referred to.

กลาย

glaai — To become, turn into; to transform into something.

สัญลักษณ์

sǎn-lák — Symbol, sign; a mark representing something else.

สาธารณะ

sǎa-thaa-rá-ná — Public, communal; relating to the general community.

นักเทศน์

nák thêet — Preacher, sermonizer; one who delivers moral sermons.

นัก

nák — Expert, practitioner; prefix indicating a specialist or enthusiast.

ศีลธรรม

sǐin-lá-tham — Morality, ethics; principles of right and wrong.

ชี้

chíi — To point, indicate; to direct attention toward something.

ดู

duu — To look, watch, see; to observe visually.

ใช้

cháai — To use, utilize; to employ something for a purpose.

เพื่อ

pʉ̂a — For, in order to; indicating purpose or goal.

ชีวิต

chii-wít — Life; the state of being alive and living.

รูปธรรม

rûup-pá-tham — Concrete, tangible; something real and material.

แก่

gàe — To, for; preposition indicating recipient or old age.

ภาพลักษณ์

phâap lák — Image, perception; the public impression of someone.

อ่อนแอ

òn ae — Weak, feeble; lacking strength physically or morally.

ผู้หญิง

phûu yǐng — Woman, female; an adult female person.

ราคะ

raa-khá — Lust, passion, desire; intense sensual craving.

บาป

bàap — Sin, wrongdoing; immoral act against religious law.

ดังนั้น

dang nán — Therefore, so, thus; indicates a resulting conclusion.

คน

khon — Person, people; human being or classifier for humans.

หนุ่มสาว

nùm sǎao — Young men and women; youth collectively.

ผู้

phûu — Person who, one who; prefix for a person doing something.

บริสุทธิ์

bo-rì-sùt — Pure, innocent, chaste; free from sin or contamination.

ถูก

thùuk — To be (passive marker); correct, cheap; to get hit.

สอน

sɔ̌ɔn — To teach, instruct; to impart knowledge to someone.

มองดู

mɔɔng duu — To look at, gaze upon; to observe attentively.

พร้อม

phrɔ́m — Ready, prepared, along with; fully set to proceed.

กับ

gàp — With, and; together with someone or something.

อักษร

àk-sɔ̌ɔn — Letter, character, script; written alphabetic symbol.

สีแดง

sǐi daeng — Red color; the color of blood or fire.

เพลิง

phləəng — Fire, flame; burning combustion or blaze.

ลุกโชน

lúk choon — To blaze, flare up; fire burning brightly and intensely.

อก

òk — Chest, breast; the front of the upper torso.

บุตร

bùt — Child, son; offspring, especially in formal context.

บิดามารดา

bì-daa maan-daa — Father and mother; formal word for parents.

ทรงเกียรติ

song gìiat — Honorable, prestigious, respectable; held in high esteem.

มารดา

maan-daa — Mother; formal or literary word for one's mother.

ทารก

thaa-rók — Infant, baby; a very young newborn child.

ภายหน้า

phaai nâa — In the future, ahead; time that is yet to come.

เติบโต

dtəəp dtoo — To grow up, develop; to mature from child to adult.

สตรี

sà-dtrii — Woman, female; formal or literary term for woman.

ครั้งหนึ่ง

khráng nʉ̀ng — Once, one time; referring to a past occasion.

เคย

khəəi — Used to, ever; indicates past habitual experience.

บริสุทธิ์ผุดผ่อง

bo-rì-sùt phùt phɔ̀ng — Spotlessly pure, immaculate; completely clean and innocent.

ฐานะ

thǎa-ná — Status, position, financial standing; social or economic rank.

รูปแบบ

rûup bàep — Form, format, pattern, style; a structural model.

ร่างกาย

râang gaai — Body, physical form; the human physical structure.

เป็นจริง

bpen jing — To be true, real, actual; to come to reality.

เหนือ

nʉ̌a — Above, over, north of; higher position or direction.

หลุมศพ

lǔm sòp — Grave, tomb; a burial pit for a dead person.

อัปยศอดสู

àp-pà-yót òt sǔu — Utter disgrace, deep shame; extreme humiliation and dishonor.

สู่

sùu — To, toward, into; preposition of direction or destination.

ที่นั่น

thîi nân — There, at that place; referring to a distant location.

อนุสรณ์

à-nú-sɔ̌ɔn — Memorial, remembrance; something honoring a person's memory.

เพียง

phiiang — Only, merely, just; limiting to a small amount.

เดียว

diiao — Alone, only, single; one and no other.