The Scarlet Letter — Page 113

Vocabulary

ที่นี่

thî nîi — Here, at this place or location

เธอ

thooe — She, her, or informal 'you'

บอก

bòk — To tell, say, or inform someone

กับ

kàp — With, and, together with someone

ตัวเอง

tua eeng — Oneself, by oneself, yourself

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is to say

สถานที่

sà-thǎan-thîi — Place, location, site, venue

แห่ง

hàeng — Classifier for places, locations, organizations

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix indicating abstract concept or state

ผิดบาป

phìt bàap — Sin, wrongdoing, moral transgression or guilt

ของ

khǒong — Of, belonging to, possessive particle

และ

láe — And, also, in addition to

ก็

kô — Also, then, discourse particle indicating continuation

ควร

khuuan — Should, ought to, advisable to do

จะ

jà — Will, going to, future tense marker

เป็น

pen — To be, to have a condition or status

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes

ลงโทษ

long thôot — To punish, impose punishment on someone

บน

bon — On, above, on top of something

โลก

lôok — World, earth, the globe

ด้วย

dûuai — Also, with, by means of something

บางที

baang thii — Sometimes, perhaps, possibly, maybe

ทรมาน

thon-rá-maan — To torment, torture, cause suffering to someone

จาก

jàak — From, away from, departing a place

อับอาย

àp-aai — Ashamed, embarrassed, feeling shame or humiliation

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place

แต่ละ

tàe lá — Each, every individual one of something

วัน

wan — Day, a single calendar day

นั้น

nán — That, those, referring to something previously mentioned

ชำระล้าง

cham-rá-láang — To cleanse, purify, wash away impurity

จิตวิญญาณ

jìt-win-yaan — Soul, spirit, the inner spiritual essence

ที่สุด

thîi sùt — Most, the utmost, superlative degree marker

สร้าง

sâang — To create, build, construct something new

บริสุทธิ์

bo-rí-sùt — Pure, innocent, clean, untainted by wrongdoing

อีก

ìik — Another, more, again, additionally

รูปแบบ

rûup bàep — Form, pattern, style, format of something

หนึ่ง

nùeng — One, the number one, a single thing

ขึ้นมา

khûen maa — To arise, come up, emerge upward

แทนที่

thaen thîi — Instead of, to replace, substitute for something

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, matter, item

ที่

thîi — That, which, relative pronoun or place marker

สูญเสีย

suun sǐia — To lose, suffer loss of something valuable

ไป

pai — To go, away, directional particle outward

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sàk-sìt — Sacred, holy, divine, spiritually powerful

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more, increasingly, to a greater degree

กว่า

kwàa — More than, comparative particle in comparisons

เพราะ

phró — Because, due to, since, reason for something

ผล

phǒn — Result, outcome, fruit, consequence of action

อดทน

òt-ton — To endure, be patient, tolerate hardship

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thúk-thon-rá-maan — To suffer greatly, endure pain and misery

ภาพประกอบ

phâap prà-kòop — Illustration, accompanying image, picture in text

ที่พัก

thîi phák — Lodging, accommodation, place to stay

อัน

an — General classifier for various objects and things

โดดเดี่ยว

dòot-dìiao — Isolated, lonely, alone, solitary and cut off

จึง

jueng — Therefore, so, consequently, as a result

ไม่ได้

mâi dâai — Did not, unable to, negates past or ability

หลบหนี

lòp nǐi — To flee, escape, run away from something

ชายขอบ

chaai khòop — Outskirts, edge, margin, periphery of a place

เมือง

mueang — City, town, urban settlement or territory

ภายใน

phaai nai — Inside, within, interior of a boundary

ขอบเขต

khòop khèet — Boundary, limit, scope, range of an area

คาบสมุทร

khâap sà-mùt — Peninsula, land surrounded by water on three sides

แต่

tàe — But, however, yet, contrasting conjunction

อยู่

yùu — To stay, live, be located at a place

ใกล้ชิด

klâi chít — Close, intimate, near, in close proximity

ที่พักอาศัย

thîi phák aa-sǎi — Residence, dwelling place, where one lives

อื่น

ùen — Other, another, different from this one

ใด

dai — Any, which, interrogative or indefinite pronoun

มี

mii — To have, there is, to possess something

กระท่อม

krà-thôm — Hut, small crude cottage or simple shelter

มุงฟาง

mung faang — Thatched, covered with straw roofing material

ขนาด

khà-nàat — Size, dimension, magnitude of an object

เล็ก

lék — Small, little, tiny in size

หลัง

lǎng — Classifier for houses; also means back or rear

ตั้งอยู่

tâng yùu — Located at, situated in, positioned at a place

ถูก

thùuk — Passive voice marker; also means correct or cheap

สร้างขึ้น

sâang khûen — Built up, constructed, established by someone

โดย

dooi — By, by means of, through an agent

ผู้อพยพ

phûu òp-phá-yop — Immigrant, emigrant, person who has migrated elsewhere

ยุค

yúk — Era, age, epoch, historical period of time

ก่อน

kòon — Before, prior to, earlier in time

ทอดทิ้ง

thôot thíng — To abandon, desert, leave behind and forsake

ดิน

din — Soil, earth, ground, dirt

รอบ

rôop — Around, surrounding, encircling something

บริเวณ

bo-rí-ween — Area, surrounding zone, vicinity of a place

เกินกว่า

gooen kwàa — More than, exceeding, beyond a certain limit

เพาะปลูก

phó plùuk — To cultivate, grow crops, farm the land

ได้

dâai — Can, able to, achieved, past tense marker

ขณะ

khà-nà — Moment, while, during a period of time

ห่างไกล

hàang klai — Far away, distant, remote from other places

มัน

man — It, he, she, informal third person pronoun

ทำให้

tham hâi — To cause, make, render something a certain way

นอก

nôok — Outside, exterior, beyond a boundary

กิจกรรม

kìt-jà-kam — Activity, event, organized social engagement

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, direction, means of doing something

สังคม

sǎng-khom — Society, social community, group of people

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that, relative pronoun linking clauses

กลายเป็น

klaai pen — To become, turn into, transform into something

วิถีชีวิต

wí-thii chii-wít — Way of life, lifestyle, manner of living

บรรดา

ban-daa — All of, the group of, various members collectively

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then, after that, completion marker

ชายฝั่ง

chaai fàng — Coast, shoreline, edge of land by water

มอง

moong — To look at, gaze, observe visually

ข้าม

khâam — Across, over, to cross a boundary or body

อ่าว

àao — Bay, gulf, inlet of water

ทะเล

thá-lee — Sea, ocean, large body of salt water

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, also, continuing state marker

เนินเขา

noen khǎo — Hill, gentle slope, elevated mound of land

ปกคลุม

pòk-khlum — To cover, blanket, overspread a surface area

ป่าไม้

pàa máai — Forest, woodland, area with dense tree growth

ทิศ

thít — Direction, cardinal point, compass direction

ตะวันตก

tà-wan-tòk — West, the western direction or region

กลุ่ม

klùm — Group, cluster, bunch of things together

ต้นไม้

tôn máai — Tree, plant with a trunk and branches

แคระแกร็น

khráe krén — Stunted, dwarfed, undersized and poorly grown

ชนิด

chá-nít — Type, kind, variety, species of something

ขึ้นอยู่

khûen yùu — To grow at, depend on, situated and growing

แห่งนี้

hàeng níi — This place, this particular location or site

เท่านั้น

thâo nán — Only, just that, nothing more than this

มิได้

mí dâai — Did not, formal negation of past action

ซ่อน

sôon — To hide, conceal, keep out of sight

สายตา

sǎai taa — Eyesight, gaze, line of vision or sight

เท่าใด

thâo dai — How much, to what extent, how greatly

นัก

nák — Very, quite, intensifier for adjectives and verbs

หาก

hàak — If, in case, should a condition be met

ดู

duu — To look, watch, appear, seem like something

เหมือน

mǔean — Like, similar to, resembling something else

บ่งบอก

bòng bòok — To indicate, suggest, point to a meaning

ว่า

wâa — That, say that, complementizer introducing reported speech

บาง

baang — Some, thin, a few of something

ต้องการ

tông kaan — To want, need, require something urgently

ปิดบัง

pìt bang — To hide, conceal, cover up from others

หรือ

rǔe — Or, whether, question particle in Thai

อย่างน้อย

yàang nói — At least, at a minimum, not less than

ทรัพย์สมบัติ

sáp-sǒm-bàt — Wealth, treasure, possessions, material assets owned

เพียง

phiiang — Only, merely, just, nothing more than

น้อยนิด

nói nít — Very little, tiny amount, hardly any at all

อนุญาต

à-nú-yâat — To permit, allow, grant permission to someone

ผู้พิพากษา

phûu phí-phâak-sǎa — Judge, magistrate, person who presides over court

ยังคง

yang khong — Still, continue to, remain in a state

คอย

khooi — To wait, keep watch, await something patiently

จับตา

jàp taa — To keep an eye on, watch closely, monitor

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner, way, adverbial modifier word

ไม่ละ

mâi lá — Without letting go, not releasing, persistently

ตั้งรกราก

tâng rók râak — To settle down, establish roots in a place

ที่นั่น

thîi nân — There, at that place, over there

พร้อม

phróom — Ready, together with, along with something

ทารก

thaa-rók — Infant, baby, newborn child

น้อย

nói — Little, small amount, young or junior

เงามืด

ngao mûet — Dark shadow, gloomy darkness, ominous shade

ลึกลับ

lûek láp — Mysterious, enigmatic, secretive, hard to understand

สงสัย

sǒng-sǎi — To doubt, suspect, be curious or uncertain

ทันที

than thii — Immediately, right away, at once, instantly