The Scarlet Letter — Page 149

Vocabulary

ความจริง

khwaam jing — truth; the state of being factually correct

แล้ว

laew — already; then; indicating completion of action

ตาม

taam — to follow; according to; along

แนว

naew — line; row; direction; style or approach

ทางเดิน

thaang doen — walkway; path or corridor for walking

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a place or time

สวน

suan — garden; park; a cultivated outdoor space

นั้น

nan — that; those; referring to something previously mentioned

มี

mii — to have; to exist; there is/are

บุคคล

buk-khon — person; individual; a human being

หลาย

laai — many; several; more than a few

คน

khon — person; people; classifier for humans

กำลัง

gam-lang — currently doing; power; strength; in progress

เดิน

doen — to walk; to move on foot

เข้า

khao — to enter; to go into; inward direction

มา

maa — to come; to move toward the speaker

ใกล้

glai — near; close; not far in distance

บ้าน

baan — house; home; a residential dwelling

แสดง

sa-daeng — to show; to perform; to display or demonstrate

อย่าง

yaang — manner; type; in the way of; kind

สิ้นเชิง

sin choeng — completely; entirely; absolutely; without exception

ต่อ

to — toward; against; per; connecting or continuing

ความ

khwaam — abstract noun prefix indicating a state or quality

พยายาม

pha-yaa-yaam — to try; to make an effort; to attempt

ของ

khoong — of; belonging to; possessive particle

แม่

mae — mother; a female parent

ที่

thii — at; place; relative pronoun; that which

จะ

ja — will; going to; future tense marker

ทำให้

tham hai — to cause; to make something happen

เธอ

thoe — she; her; you (informal, often to females)

สงบ

sa-ngop — calm; peaceful; quiet; tranquil

ลง

long — down; to descend; directional particle downward

ส่ง

song — to send; to deliver; to emit

เสียง

siang — sound; voice; noise

กรีดร้อง

grìit róong — to scream; to shriek loudly in fear or pain

น่า

naa — worthy of; should cause a feeling; prefix of emotion

สยดสยอง

sa-yot sa-yoong — horrifying; terrifying; causing extreme fear

ก็

go — also; then; particle indicating consequence or concession

เงียบ

ngiap — quiet; silent; making no noise

มิใช่

mi chai — not; it is not; formal negation

เพราะ

phro — because; due to; as a result of

เชื่อฟัง

chuea fang — to obey; to listen and comply with instructions

แต่

tae — but; however; only; contrasting conjunction

อยากรู้อยากเห็น

yaak ruu yaak hen — curious; eager to know and see things

อัน

an — classifier for small objects; that which; item

ว่องไว

wong wai — quick; agile; swift in movement or response

และ

lae — and; connecting words, phrases, or clauses

เปลี่ยนแปลง

plian plaeng — to change; to transform; to alter significantly

ง่าย

ngaai — easy; simple; not difficult

อุปนิสัย

up-pa-ni-sai — character; personality; natural disposition or temperament

ถูก

thuuk — correct; cheap; to be acted upon (passive marker)

กระตุ้น

gra-tun — to stimulate; to urge; to provoke or excite

ด้วย

duay — with; also; by means of; too

การ

gaan — action; activity; noun-forming prefix for processes

ปรากฏตัว

praa-got tua — to appear; to show oneself; to make an appearance

ใหม่

mai — new; fresh; recently introduced or arrived

เหล่า

lao — these; those; plural group marker

นี้

nii — this; these; referring to something nearby

ภาพประกอบ

phaap pra-gop — illustration; image that accompanies text

เด็ก

dek — child; kid; a young person

นางฟ้า

naang faa — angel; fairy; a heavenly or magical female being

บาทหลวง

baat luang — Catholic priest; a Christian religious clergy member

ผู้ว่าการ

phuu waa gaan — governor; a person who governs a region

สวม

suam — to wear; to put on clothing or accessories

เสื้อคลุม

suea khlum — cloak; robe; a loose outer garment

หลวมๆ

luam luam — loosely; baggy; not tightly fitting

หมวก

muak — hat; cap; a head covering

สบายๆ

sa-baai sa-baai — casually; comfortably; in a relaxed manner

สุภาพบุรุษ

su-phaap bu-rut — gentleman; a polite and well-mannered man

สูงอายุ

suung aa-yu — elderly; old; advanced in age

ชอบ

chop — to like; to enjoy; to be fond of

สวมใส่

suam sai — to wear; to dress in clothing or accessories

เป็น

pen — to be; to exist as; to become

ส่วนตัว

suan tua — personal; private; relating to oneself individually

ภายใน

phaai nai — inside; within; interior of something

นำหน้า

nam naa — to lead; to go ahead; in front of

ดู

duu — to look; to watch; to seem or appear

เหมือน

muean — like; similar to; resembling something else

อวด

uaat — to show off; to boast; to flaunt something

ทรัพย์สมบัติ

sap som-bat — wealth; treasure; valuable possessions or assets

ตน

ton — oneself; self; a reflexive personal pronoun

พูด

phuut — to speak; to talk; to say something

ขยายความ

kha-yaai khwaam — to elaborate; to explain further; to expand meaning

ถึง

thueng — to reach; until; about; arriving at a point

ปรับปรุง

prap prung — to improve; to renovate; to make better

วางแผน

waang phaen — to plan; to make arrangements or a scheme

ไว้

wai — to keep; to retain; placed for future use

ปลอกคอ

ploek kho — collar; a band worn around the neck

ประณีต

pra-nit — fine; exquisite; delicate and carefully crafted

กว้างใหญ่

gwaang yai — vast; spacious; very wide and large

อยู่

yuu — to stay; to live; to be located at

ใต้

tai — under; below; beneath; the south

เครา

khrao — beard; facial hair growing on the chin

สีเทา

sii thao — gray; the color between black and white

เขา

khao — he; she; they; him or her

แบบ

baep — style; type; pattern; a form or model

โบราณ

bo-raan — ancient; old-fashioned; from an earlier historical period

สมัย

sa-mai — era; period; time in history

รัชกาล

rat-cha-gaan — reign; a king's period of rule

ศีรษะ

sii-sa — head; the uppermost part of the body

ไม่

mai — not; no; negation particle in Thai

น้อย

noi — little; few; small in amount or degree

ไป

pai — to go; to leave; directional particle away

กว่า

gwaa — more than; rather than; comparative particle

หัว

hua — head; top; chief; leading part of something

บน

bon — on; above; on top of a surface

ถาด

thaat — tray; a flat shallow container for carrying things

รอง

roong — secondary; deputy; supporting; next in rank

ความประทับใจ

khwaam pra-thap jai — impression; a feeling or effect left on someone

เกิด

goet — to be born; to occur; to arise

จาก

jaak — from; away from; originating at a point

รูปลักษณ์

ruup lak — appearance; looks; the outward form of something

ซึ่ง

sueng — which; that; a relative pronoun connector

แข็งกร้าว

khaeng kraao — firm; rigid; unyielding in attitude or manner

เคร่งขรึม

khreng khruem — stern; serious; grave in expression or manner

หนาวเย็น

naao yen — cold; chilly; producing a sensation of coldness

วัยชรา

wai cha-raa — old age; the period of being elderly

บั่นทอน

ban thon — to undermine; to wear down; to weaken gradually

ยิ่ง

ying — even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

ฤดูใบไม้ร่วง

rue-duu bai maai ruang — autumn; fall; the season when leaves fall

แทบ

thaep — almost; nearly; barely; just about

สอดคล้อง

sot khloong — to correspond; to be consistent with; to harmonize

กับ

gap — with; and; together with someone or something

สิ่ง

sing — thing; object; an item or matter

อำนวย

am-nuai — to provide; to facilitate; to grant or afford

ความสุข

khwaam suk — happiness; joy; a state of well-being

ทาง

thaang — way; path; direction; means of doing something

โลก

lôok — world; earth; the globe or universe

เต็มที่

tem thii — fully; completely; to the maximum extent

ล้อมรอบ

lom rop — to surround; to encircle; to be all around

ตัวเอง

tua eng — oneself; themselves; a reflexive pronoun

เข้าใจผิด

khao jai phit — to misunderstand; to have a wrong comprehension

หาก

haak — if; in the event that; conditional conjunction

คิด

khit — to think; to consider; to have a thought

บรรพบุรุษ

ban-pha-bu-rut — ancestors; forefathers; people from earlier generations

ผู้

phuu — person who; one who; prefix for a doer

เรา

rao — we; us; I (informal); first person pronoun

แม้

mae — even though; although; even if; concessive conjunction

คุ้นเคย

khun khoei — familiar with; accustomed to; well acquainted

ดำรงชีวิต

dam-rong chii-wit — to live; to sustain life; to maintain existence

มนุษย์

ma-nut — human being; mankind; a person

เพียง

phiang — only; merely; just; no more than

สภาวะ

sa-phaa-wa — condition; state; a particular situation or status

ทดสอบ

thot-sop — to test; to examine; to try out or assess

ต่อสู้

to suu — to fight; to struggle; to battle against something

พร้อม

phrom — ready; prepared; along with; together

จริงใจ

jing jai — sincere; genuine; honest in feelings and intentions

เสียสละ

sia sa-la — to sacrifice; to give up for a greater good

ทรัพย์สิน

sap sin — property; assets; material possessions or wealth

ชีวิต

chii-wit — life; existence; the state of being alive

คำสั่ง

kham sang — order; command; an instruction given with authority

หน้าที่

naa thii — duty; responsibility; an obligation or role

ถือ

thue — to hold; to carry; to regard; to consider

เรื่อง

rueang — matter; story; topic; a subject or issue

มโนธรรม

ma-no-tham — conscience; moral sense; inner sense of right or wrong

ปฏิเสธ

pa-ti-set — to deny; to refuse; to reject or decline

วิธีการ

wi-thii gaan — method; procedure; a way of doing something

แสวงหา

sa-waeng haa — to seek; to search for; to pursue something

สะดวกสบาย

sa-duak sa-baai — comfortable; convenient; providing ease and relaxation

หรือ

rue — or; either; used to present alternatives

แม้แต่

mae tae — even; not even; emphasizing the least expected case

หรูหรา

huu raa — luxurious; lavish; elegant and expensive in style

วิสัย

wi-sai — capability; reach; the range of one's ability

พวกเขา

phuak khao — they; them; a group of people referred to

เอื้อมถึง

ueam thueng — to reach; to attain; to stretch and touch something

ได้

dai — can; able to; to get; indicates possibility