The Scarlet Letter — Page 158

Vocabulary

เพราะ

phro — because; used to introduce a reason or cause

หาก

hak — if; conditional conjunction used in formal contexts

เรา

rao — we, us, or I; first-person pronoun

คิด

khit — to think, consider, or calculate something

เป็น

pen — to be; indicates state, identity, or ability

อย่าง

yang — way, manner, kind; used in comparisons

อื่น

ueen — other, another, else; referring to something different

ไม่ได้

mai dai — cannot, did not; negates ability or past action

กล่าว

klao — to say, state, or mention formally

ไป

pai — to go; also used as directional verb particle

โดย

doi — by, via, through; indicates means or agent

นัย

nai — implication, hidden meaning, or significance

หรือ

rue — or; conjunction offering alternatives or asking questions

ว่า

wa — that; introduces reported speech or a clause

แห่ง

haeng — of, from; formal possessive or locative particle

สวรรค์

sawan — heaven, paradise; the divine celestial realm

ผู้สร้าง

phu sang — creator, maker; one who creates or builds

ทั้งปวง

thang puang — all, every, the entirety of something

ได้

dai — can, could, did; indicates ability or past tense

มองข้าม

mong kham — to overlook, ignore, or disregard something

การกระทำ

kan kratham — action, deed, act; something intentionally done

บาป

bap — sin, wrongdoing; a morally or religiously bad act

เบาๆ

bao bao — lightly, gently; with little force or weight

และ

lae — and; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ไม่

mai — no, not; basic negation particle in Thai

แยแส

yae sae — to care about, pay attention to; often used negatively

ต่อ

to — toward, against, per; preposition with multiple uses

ความ

khwam — abstract noun prefix; turns adjectives into nouns

แตกต่าง

taek tang — to differ, be different; showing distinction between things

ระหว่าง

rawang — between, among, during; indicates position or time

ที่

thi — that, which, at; relative pronoun and place marker

บริสุทธิ์

borrisut — pure, innocent, clean; free from corruption or sin

กับ

kap — with, and; joins nouns or indicates accompaniment

ความรัก

khwam rak — love; deep affection or emotional attachment to someone

อัน

an — a/an; classifier and relative pronoun for things

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

saksit — sacred, holy; regarded with deep religious reverence

เด็ก

dek — child, kid; a young person or minor

คนนี้

khon ni — this person; referring to a specific individual nearby

ซึ่ง

sueng — which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

ผล

phon — result, fruit, outcome; consequence of an action

ความผิด

khwam phit — guilt, fault, wrongdoing; being responsible for an error

ของ

khong — of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

บิดา

bida — father; formal or literary word for one's father

อับอาย

ap ai — ashamed, embarrassed; feeling humiliated or disgraced

มารดา

manда — mother; formal or literary word for one's mother

มา

ma — to come; also used as directional verb particle

จาก

chak — from, away from; indicates origin or separation

พระเจ้า

phra chao — God; the supreme divine being in religious context

เพื่อ

phuea — in order to, for; indicates purpose or intention

ทำงาน

tham ngan — to work, to do a job or task

ใน

nai — in, inside, within; preposition indicating location

หลายๆ

lai lai — many, various, several; emphasizes plurality

ทาง

thang — way, path, direction, method; route or means

หัวใจ

hua jai — heart; the emotional center or core of a person

เธอ

thoe — she, her, you; second or third person pronoun

ผู้ซึ่ง

phu sueng — who, one who; relative pronoun referring to a person

วิงวอน

wing won — to plead, beseech, implore; urgent earnest request

จริงจัง

ching chang — serious, earnest, sincere; done with genuine intention

ด้วย

duai — with, also, by means of; accompaniment or addition

ขมขื่น

khom khuen — bitter; feeling of resentment, grief, or bitterness

จิตใจ

chit jai — mind, heart, spirit; one's inner emotional state

สิทธิ์

sit — right, privilege; a legal or moral entitlement

การ

kan — noun prefix for actions or processes; nominalizer

รักษา

raksa — to heal, treat, preserve, or maintain something

ไว้

wai — to keep, retain; verb particle indicating preservation

มัน

man — it; third-person pronoun for things or animals

ถูก

thuk — to be done to; passive marker, also means correct

กำหนด

kamnot — to determine, set, designate; establish a rule or date

ให้

hai — to give; also causative particle meaning to let or make

พร

phon — blessing, wish, divine favor or grace

เดียว

diao — single, alone, only one; indicates singularity

ชีวิต

chiwit — life; one's existence or the span of living

ไม่ต้องสงสัย

mai tong song sai — without doubt, undoubtedly; expressing certainty

ดังที่

dang thi — as, just as; used to introduce a comparison or reference

เอง

eng — oneself, itself; reflexive or emphatic particle

บอก

bok — to tell, inform, say to someone directly

ลงโทษ

long thot — to punish; to impose a penalty for wrongdoing

เช่นกัน

chen kan — likewise, as well, also; indicates similarity or agreement

ทรมาน

thoraman — to torment, torture; cause suffering or anguish

จะ

cha — will, shall; future tense marker in Thai

รู้สึก

ru suek — to feel, sense; experiencing an emotion or sensation

หลาย

lai — many, several, multiple; indicates a large number

ช่วงเวลา

chuang wela — period of time, interval; a span of time

คาดคิด

khat khit — to expect, anticipate; to think something will happen

เจ็บปวด

chep puat — pain, ache; physical or emotional suffering

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thuk thoraman — to suffer greatly; experiencing intense pain or misery

วนเวียน

won wian — to go around repeatedly; recurring or circling back

กลับมา

klap ma — to come back, return; arriving back to a place

เสมอ

samer — always, ever, consistently; happening without exception

ท่ามกลาง

tham klang — amid, in the midst of; surrounded by something

ความสุข

khwam suk — happiness, joy; a state of contentment or pleasure

ปั่นป่วน

pan puan — troubled, disturbed, chaotic; emotionally or physically unsettled

แสดง

sadaeng — to show, express, perform, or display something

ความคิด

khwam khit — thought, idea, opinion; something conceived mentally

นี้

ni — this; demonstrative pronoun indicating something near

ออกมา

ok ma — to come out, emerge; moving outward from inside

เครื่อง

khrueng — machine, device; also classifier for clothing or equipment

แต่งกาย

taeng kai — to dress, attire; the way one is clothed

เด็กน้อย

dek noi — little child, small kid; an endearing term for a child

นั้น

nan — that, those; demonstrative pronoun for something distant

ทำให้

tham hai — to make, cause; used to express causation

ระลึก

raleuk — to recall, remember, be reminded of something past

ถึง

thueng — to reach, arrive at; also means about or until

สัญลักษณ์

sanlak — symbol, sign; something representing an idea or concept

สีแดง

si daeng — red color; the color red

เผาไหม้

phao mai — to burn; being consumed or scorched by fire

อก

ok — chest, breast; the front of the upper body

ฝังใจ

fang jai — deeply embedded in one's mind; unforgettable impression

พูด

phut — to speak, talk; expressing words verbally

ได้ดี

dai di — well, skillfully; doing something effectively or successfully

มาก

mak — much, many, very; indicates a high degree

อีกครั้ง

ik khrang — once more, again; repeating an action another time

คุณ

khun — you; polite second-person pronoun, also Mr./Mrs.

ผู้ใจดี

phu jai di — kind-hearted person; someone generous and good-natured

ร้อง

rong — to cry out, shout, sing; expressing loudly vocally

กลัว

klua — to fear, be afraid of; feeling of fright or worry

หญิง

ying — woman, female; referring to a girl or woman

คนนั้น

khon nan — that person; referring to a specific person mentioned

ไม่มี

mai mi — there is not, have no; negates existence or possession

ดี

di — good, fine, nice; positive quality or approval

กว่า

kwa — more than, rather than; comparative particle

ลูก

luk — child, offspring; also used for small round objects

กลายเป็น

klai pen — to become, turn into; a change of state or identity

ตัวตลก

tua talok — clown, buffoon, comic figure; a ridiculous or funny person

โอ

o — oh; exclamation of surprise, dismay, or emotion

เช่นนั้น

chen nan — like that, in that way; referring to a prior situation

ตระหนัก

tranak — to realize, be aware of; becoming conscious of something

เชื่อ

chuea — to believe, trust; having faith in something or someone

ปาฏิหาริย์

patihan — miracle, wonder; an extraordinary supernatural event

กระทำ

kratham — to do, perform, commit; carrying out an action formally

ขึ้น

khuen — up, to rise; directional particle indicating upward movement

ดำรงอยู่

damrong yu — to exist, subsist, persist; continuing to be or remain