The Scarlet Letter — Page 159

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ขอให้

khǎo hâi — Expression of wish or blessing: 'may' or 'I hope'.

นาง

naang — Female title or pronoun; woman, lady, she.

รู้สึก

rúu sùek — To feel or sense an emotion or physical sensation.

ด้วย

dûuai — Also, too, with; used to add or accompany.

เถิด

thòet — Particle urging action: 'go ahead', 'please do'.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, or matter in general.

ที่

thîi — Relative pronoun or preposition: that, which, at, place.

ข้าพเจ้า

khâa phá jâo — Formal first-person pronoun: I, me (formal/royal).

คิด

khít — To think, consider, or ponder something.

ว่า

wâa — That; introduces a clause or reported speech.

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state, identity, or condition.

ความจริง

khwaam jing — Truth, reality, or fact about something.

อัน

an — Classifier or relative pronoun for objects; that which.

แท้จริง

tháe jing — True, genuine, or real in nature.

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pronoun pointing to something distant.

คือ

khuue — Is, means; used to define or identify something.

พร

phon — Blessing, boon, or divine gift bestowed upon someone.

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun for something nearby.

ถูก

thùuk — To be correct; also passive marker or cheap.

มอบ

mâawp — To give, present, or hand over something to someone.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative particle meaning 'for' or 'let'.

เหนือ

nǔuea — Above, over, north; superior in position or direction.

อื่น

ùuen — Other, another, else; different from the current one.

ใด

dai — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun.

ทั้งปวง

tháng puuang — All, every, the whole of everything mentioned.

เพื่อ

phûuea — In order to, for the purpose of doing something.

รักษา

rák sǎa — To preserve, protect, treat, or maintain something.

จิตวิญญาณ

jìt win yaan — Soul, spirit; the immaterial essence of a person.

ของ

khǎawng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

แม่

mâae — Mother; also used as informal female address.

มีชีวิต

mii chiiwít — To be alive, to have life or vitality.

อยู่

yùu — To be, stay, exist, or live somewhere continuously.

ปกป้อง

pòk pâawng — To protect, defend, or shield from harm.

จาก

jàak — From, away from; indicates origin or separation.

ลึก

lúek — Deep; having great depth physically or figuratively.

แห่ง

hàeng — Of, at; formal locative particle indicating place or source.

บาป

bàap — Sin, wrongdoing, or moral transgression against virtue.

ยิ่งกว่า

yîng gwàa — More than, greater than, exceeding in degree.

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which, that; relative pronoun linking clauses.

อาจ

àat — May, might; expresses possibility or permission.

พยายาม

pha yaa yaam — To try, attempt, or make an effort to do.

ดึง

dueng — To pull, tug, or draw something toward oneself.

จม

jom — To sink, submerge, or be swallowed by water.

ลงไป

long pai — Down, downward, going down into something.

ดังนั้น

dang nán — Therefore, thus, so; indicates logical consequence.

จึง

jueng — Therefore, thus; consequential connective particle.

ดีงาม

dii ngaam — Good and virtuous, morally fine and beautiful.

สำหรับ

sǎm ràp — For, intended for a specific person or purpose.

หญิง

yǐng — Woman, female; refers to the female gender.

ผู้

phûu — Person who; a prefix indicating a person doing something.

น่าสงสาร

nâa sǒng sǎan — Pitiful, deserving sympathy or compassion from others.

ผู้นี้

phûu níi — This person; referring to the person at hand.

มี

mii — To have, possess, or there is/are something.

ทารก

thaa rók — Infant, baby; a very young child or newborn.

อมตะ

am má ta — Immortal, eternal; not subject to death or decay.

สามารถ

sǎa mâat — To be able to, capable of doing something.

รับ

ráp — To receive, accept, or take something offered.

ความสุข

khwaam sùk — Happiness, joy, contentment, or a state of well-being.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option.

ความเศร้าโศก

khwaam sâo sòok — Sorrow, grief, deep sadness or mourning.

ชั่วนิรันดร์

chûua ni ran — Forever, eternally, for all eternity.

ได้รับ

dâi ráp — To receive, obtain, or be given something.

มอบหมาย

mâawp mǎai — To assign, delegate, or entrust a task to someone.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition of location.

ความดูแล

khwaam duu lae — Care, supervision, responsibility for looking after.

เพื่อให้

phûuea hâi — In order to make or cause something to happen.

อบรม

òp rom — To train, educate, or instill values in someone.

เลี้ยงดู

líang duu — To raise, nurture, or bring up a child.

เดิน

dooen — To walk; to move on foot from place to place.

ทาง

thaang — Path, way, road, direction, or means of doing.

ธรรม

tham — Dharma, righteousness, moral law, virtue or truth.

เตือนใจ

tuuean jai — To remind or caution oneself; a moral reminder.

ทุก

thúk — Every, each, all; applies to each item in a set.

ขณะ

khà nà — Moment, instant, while; a point or period in time.

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach, arrive at; until, about, regarding.

การ

gaan — Noun-forming prefix indicating an action or process.

ตกต่ำ

tòk tàm — To fall low, decline, degrade morally or in status.

แต่

tàe — But, however; introduces contrast or exception.

กระนั้น

grà nán — Even so, nevertheless, despite that; concessive expression.

ก็

gâaw — Also, then, too; filler particle showing continuation.

สอน

sǎawn — To teach, instruct, or impart knowledge to someone.

คำมั่นสัญญา

kham mân sǎn yaa — Promise, pledge, or solemn commitment to someone.

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sàk sìt — Sacred, holy, or divinely consecrated in nature.

หาก

hàak — If, in case; conditional conjunction in Thai.

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, take, or guide someone somewhere.

เด็กน้อย

dèk nóoi — Little child, small kid; young and small child.

ไปสู่

pai sùu — To go toward, proceed to a destination or goal.

สวรรค์

sà wan — Heaven, paradise; a divine realm of eternal bliss.

นั้น

nán — That, those; demonstrative referring to something known.

จะ

jà — Will, shall; future tense marker in Thai.

บิดามารดา

bì daa maar daa — Parents; both father and mother together (formal).

ตน

ton — Oneself, self; reflexive pronoun in Thai.

ที่นั่น

thîi nân — There, at that place; refers to a known location.

ด้าน

dâan — Side, aspect, dimension; one face or area of something.

กว่า

gwàa — More than, -er than; comparative particle in Thai.

พ่อ

phâaw — Father, dad; male parent of a child.

ประโยชน์

prà yòot — Benefit, advantage, usefulness, or profit from something.

ไม่

mâi — Not, no; negation particle in Thai language.

น้อย

nóoi — Little, few, small in amount or degree.

ไปกว่า

pai gwàa — More than, beyond; comparative expression of degree.

เรา

rao — We, us, I; first-person pronoun (singular or plural).

ปล่อย

plòoi — To release, let go, free, or allow something.

พวกเขา

phûuak khǎo — They, them; third-person plural pronoun in Thai.

ไว้

wái — To keep, set aside, leave in place for later.

ดัง

dang — As, like, such as; also means loud or famous.

พรหมลิขิต

phrom lì khìt — Fate, destiny written by Brahma; predestined fortune.

ได้

dâi — Can, could; also marks past tense or achievement.

กำหนด

gam nòt — To set, determine, schedule, or prescribe something.

วาง

waang — To place, put down, or lay something somewhere.

ผู้เฒ่า

phûu thâo — Elder, old person; refers to an aged individual.

กล่าว

glàao — To say, speak, state; formal word for speaking.

พลาง

phlaang — While doing simultaneously; at the same time as.

ยิ้ม

yím — To smile; a facial expression of happiness or warmth.

มอง

maawng — To look at, gaze at, observe something visually.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, him, her; third-person singular pronoun.

ท่าน

thân — You (respectful); honorific second or third-person pronoun.

พูด

phûut — To speak, talk, say something in conversation.

ความจริงจัง

khwaam jing jang — Seriousness, earnestness, sincerity in manner or tone.

ประหลาด

prà làat — Strange, unusual, odd, or surprising in character.

ยิ่งนัก

yîng nák — Extremely, very much so; intensifier of a quality.

เพื่อน

phûuean — Friend, companion; someone you have a close bond with.

ข้า

khâa — I, me; humble or archaic first-person pronoun.

บาทหลวง

bàat lǔuang — Priest, Catholic father; a Christian religious leader.

เสริม

sǒoem — To add, supplement, reinforce, or enhance something.

น้องชาย

nóong chaai — Younger brother; a male sibling younger than oneself.

หนุ่ม

nùm — Young man, youth; refers to a young adult male.

ความหมาย

khwaam mǎai — Meaning, significance, or sense of a word or act.

หนักแน่น

nàk nâen — Firm, steadfast, resolute, stable in character or belief.

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more, increasingly; intensifier of comparison.

อย่างไร

yàang rai — How, in what way; interrogative asking manner or method.

มิได้

mí dâi — Did not, have not; formal negation of past action.

วิงวอน

wing wawn — To plead, beseech, implore earnestly for something.

อย่าง

yàang — Way, manner, kind; also used as 'like' or adverb marker.

ดีเยี่ยม

dii yîiam — Excellent, outstanding, superb in quality or performance.

ดอก

dàawk — Particle emphasizing negation or disagreement; also flower.

ผู้พิพากษา

phûu phí phâak sǎa — Judge; a person who presides over legal matters.

ตอบ

tàawp — To answer, reply, or respond to a question.

แน่นอน

nâe naawn — Certainly, definitely, of course; expressing assurance.

ที่สุด

thîi sùt — The most, -est; superlative degree marker in Thai.

ยก

yók — To lift, raise, or bring up a topic or object.

เหตุผล

hèet phǒn — Reason, rationale, justification for an argument or decision.

มา

maa — To come; directional verb indicating movement toward speaker.

โต้แย้ง

tôo yáeng — To argue, dispute, or counter an opposing argument.

เช่นนั้น

chên nán — Like that, in that manner, such as that described.

จน

jon — Until, to the point of; also means poor (broke).

เรื่องนี้

rûuang níi — This matter, this issue, this story or topic.

คง

khong — Probably, likely; also means to remain or stay.

อย่างน้อย

yàang nóoi — At least; at a minimum level or amount.

ตราบเท่า

tràap thâo — As long as, so long as a condition holds.

ไม่มี

mâi mii — There is no, to not have; absence of something.

เรื่อง

rûuang — Story, matter, issue, topic, or affair in general.

อื้อฉาว

ûuea châao — Scandalous, notorious; causing public outrage or shame.

ใดๆ

dai dai — Any whatsoever; emphasizes lack of restriction or limit.

เพิ่มเติม

phôoem toeem — Additional, more, to add further or supplement existing.

ผู้นั้น

phûu nán — That person, the one referred to previously in context.