The Scarlet Letter — Page 165

Vocabulary

ไม่นาน

mai naan — Not long ago; shortly; in a brief time

นัก

nak — Very; extremely; used to intensify adjectives

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

ก็

ko — Then; also; particle indicating continuation or consequence

แสดง

sa-daeng — To show, display, or perform something

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative marker

เห็น

hen — To see; to perceive visually

ถึง

theung — To reach; until; about; concerning

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix expressing abstract concepts or states

คุ้นเคย

khun khoei — Familiar; well-acquainted with someone or something

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive marker

กับ

gap — With; and; together with

กลไก

gon-la-gai — Mechanism; system of interrelated working parts

อัน

an — Classifier for general objects; which; that

หนัก

nak — Heavy; severe; difficult in weight or degree

อึ้ง

eueng — Speechless; stunned; struck dumb with surprise

และ

lae — And; conjunction linking words or clauses

น่า

naa — Worthy of; likely to; prefix expressing likelihood

เกรง

greng — To fear; to be in awe of; to dread

ขาม

khaam — To be intimidating; inspiring fear or awe

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or activities

แพทย์

phaet — Doctor; physician; medical practitioner

โบราณ

boo-raan — Ancient; old; pertaining to past eras

ซึ่ง

seung — Which; that; relative pronoun connector

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time

ยา

yaa — Medicine; drug; medicinal substance

ทุก

thuk — Every; all; each without exception

ขนาน

kha-naan — Formula or recipe; type or kind of medicine

นั้น

nan — That; those; demonstrative pronoun for distant reference

ประกอบ

pra-gop — To compose; to consist of; to assemble

ด้วย

duay — With; also; too; by means of

ส่วนผสม

suan pha-som — Ingredient; mixture; component of a blend

หลากหลาย

laak laai — Various; diverse; of many different kinds

แปลก

plaek — Strange; unusual; different from the norm

ประหลาด

pra-laat — Bizarre; odd; surprisingly strange or unusual

จาก

jaak — From; away from; originating at a place

ที่

thi — At; place; relative pronoun marker

ไกล

glai — Far; distant; a long way away

แสน

saen — Extremely; one hundred thousand; intensifier

ผสมผสาน

pha-som pha-saan — To blend; to integrate; combining elements harmoniously

กัน

gan — Together; each other; mutual action marker

อย่าง

yaang — In a manner; like; type or kind

ประณีต

pra-neet — Fine; delicate; refined with great care

ราวกับ

raao gap — As if; as though; seemingly like something

ว่า

waa — That; to say; complementizer introducing reported speech

ผลลัพธ์

phon-lap — Result; outcome; the final product or consequence

มุ่ง

mung — To aim; to head toward; to intend

หวัง

wang — To hope; to wish for a desired outcome

คือ

khue — Is; to be; equating or defining something

อมฤต

om-rit — Elixir of immortality; divine nectar of life

แห่ง

haeng — Of; at; classifier for locations or sources

ชีวิต

chee-wit — Life; existence; one's living being

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

ไป

pai — To go; away; directional particle forward

กว่า

gwaa — More than; rather than; comparative marker

ระหว่าง

ra-waang — Between; during; in the midst of

ถูก

thuuk — To be; passive marker; correct; cheap

จองจำ

jong-jam — To imprison; to confine; held in captivity

โดย

doi — By; through; by means of an agent

ชาว

chaao — People of; inhabitants; member of a group

แดง

daeng — Red; the color red

ได้รับ

dai rap — To receive; to obtain; to be given something

ความรู้

khwaam ruu — Knowledge; understanding; information one has learned

มากมาย

maak maai — A great deal; plenty; very many in quantity

เกี่ยวกับ

giao gap — About; regarding; concerning a topic

สรรพคุณ

sap-pha-khun — Properties; medicinal benefits or qualities of substances

สมุนไพร

sa-mun-phrai — Herb; medicinal plant used in traditional medicine

รากไม้

raak maai — Tree root; plant root used medicinally

พื้นเมือง

pheun mueang — Native; indigenous; local to a particular region

มิได้

mi dai — Did not; formal negation of past action

ปิดบัง

pit bang — To conceal; to hide; to keep secret

ผู้ป่วย

phu puay — Patient; sick person receiving medical care

สามัญ

saa-man — Common; ordinary; general; typical

เหล่า

lao — Those; plural marker for groups of people

นี้

nii — This; these; near demonstrative pronoun

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as; linking verb

ของขวัญ

khong khwan — Gift; present given to someone

ธรรมชาติ

tham-ma-chaat — Nature; the natural world; innate character

แก่

gae — To; for; old; giving something to someone

คน

khon — Person; people; human being

ป่า

paa — Forest; jungle; wild uncultivated land

ไร้

rai — Without; lacking; devoid of something

ศึกษา

seuk-saa — To study; to educate; to learn formally

มี

mii — To have; there is; to possess

ส่วน

suan — Part; portion; section of a whole

แบ่ง

baeng — To divide; to share; to split among others

เชื่อมั่น

chueа man — To trust; to be confident; to believe firmly

เอง

eng — Self; oneself; by oneself; emphatic particle

มาก

maak — Much; many; a lot; greatly

พอๆ

pho pho — About as much as; equally; comparably

ตำรา

tam-raa — Textbook; manual; authoritative reference book

เภสัชกรรม

phe-sat-cha-gam — Pharmacy; the science of preparing medicines

ยุโรป

yu-roop — Europe; the European continent

ผู้

phu — Person who; one who; agent nominalizer

คง

khong — Probably; likely; still; to remain steady

เรียน

rian — To study; to learn; to attend school

จำนวน

jam-nuan — Number; amount; quantity of something

ได้

dai — To be able to; can; achieved; obtained

ใช้

chai — To use; to employ; to make use of

เวลา

we-laa — Time; period; moment in time

หลาย

laai — Many; several; numerous

ศตวรรษ

sot-ta-wat — Century; a period of one hundred years

รวบรวม

ruap ruam — To collect; to compile; to gather together

แปลกหน้า

plaek naa — Stranger; unfamiliar person; someone unknown

แบบอย่าง

baep yaang — Example; model; pattern to follow or imitate

ดี

dii — Good; well; positive in quality

น้อย

noi — Little; few; small in amount

แง่

ngae — Aspect; angle; perspective or viewpoint

รูปแบบ

ruup baep — Form; format; style or pattern of something

ภายนอก

phai nok — Outside; exterior; outward appearance

ทาง

thaang — Way; path; direction; means of doing

ศาสนา

saat-sa-naa — Religion; faith; organized system of belief

หลังจาก

lang jaak — After; following; subsequent to an event

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward speaker

เลือก

leuak — To choose; to select; to pick an option

บาทหลวง

baat luang — Priest; Catholic Father; Christian clergyman

นำทาง

nam thaang — To guide; to lead the way; to navigate

จิตวิญญาณ

jit win-yaan — Spirit; soul; spiritual essence of a person

นักบวช

nak buат — Clergyman; ordained religious person; monk or priest

หนุ่ม

num — Young man; youthful male; in early adulthood

ชื่อเสียง

chue siang — Reputation; fame; being well-known publicly

วิชาการ

wi-chaa-gaan — Academic; scholarly; relating to formal study

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; also; still continuing

ดัง

dang — Famous; loud; renowned; well-known

กระหึ่ม

gra-heum — Resounding; echoing loudly; reverberating widely

อยู่

yuu — To stay; to be at; continuous aspect marker

มอง

mong — To look at; to gaze; to observe

ชื่นชม

chuen chom — To admire; to appreciate; to feel pleased by

เปี่ยม

piam — Full of; brimming with; overflowing with something

ล้น

lon — Overflowing; brimming over; in excess

ไม่

mai — Not; negation marker for verbs and adjectives

ต่าง

taang — Different; various; other; to differ

อะไร

a-rai — What; anything; something unspecified

บัญชา

ban-chaa — To command; to order; an authoritative directive

สวรรค์

sa-wan — Heaven; paradise; divine celestial realm

กำหนด

gam-not — To determine; to set; to designate formally

ชะตา

cha-taa — Fate; destiny; one's predetermined life course

หาก

haak — If; in the event that; supposing that

ทุ่มเท

thum the — To dedicate; to devote fully; to put all effort

แรงกาย

raeng gaai — Physical strength; bodily energy and power

ตลอด

ta-lot — Throughout; all along; during the entire period

ช่วง

chuang — Period; span of time; interval or phase

อายุขัย

aa-yu-khai — Lifespan; duration of one's life

ตาม

taam — According to; following; along with

ปกติ

pa-ga-ti — Normal; usual; ordinary; regular

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action

ดีงาม

dii ngaam — Virtuous; good and beautiful; morally excellent

ยิ่งใหญ่

ying yai — Great; magnificent; grand in scale or importance

เพื่อ

phuea — For; in order to; for the purpose of

คริสตจักร

krit-sa-jak — Church; Christian religious institution or congregation

อ่อนแอ

on ae — Weak; frail; lacking physical or mental strength

ขณะ

kha-na — While; during; at the moment of

เช่นเดียวกับ

chen diao gap — Just like; same as; in the same way as

บรรดา

ban-daa — All of; the group of; collective plural marker

บิดา

bi-daa — Father; male parent; formal word for father

ยุค

yuk — Era; age; epoch; historical period

แรก

raek — First; earliest; initial

บรรลุ

ban-lu — To attain; to achieve; to accomplish a goal

สำหรับ

sam-rap — For; intended for; with regard to someone

วัย

wai — Age; stage of life; period of one's years

เยาว์

yao — Young; youthful; early in years

ความเชื่อ

khwaam chueа — Belief; faith; a conviction held as true

คริสเตียน

krit-tian — Christian; follower of Christianity

อย่างไร

yaang rai — How; in what way; to what extent

ก็ตาม

ko taam — Anyway; nevertheless; regardless; even so

สุขภาพ

suk-ka-phap — Health; physical condition and well-being

คุณ

khun — You; polite title; virtue or quality

เริ่ม

roem — To begin; to start; to commence

เสื่อมโทรม

sueam-soom — To deteriorate; to decline in quality or condition

ลง

long — Down; to decrease; directional particle downward

ชัด

chat — Clear; distinct; evident; sharply defined