The Scarlet Letter — Page 174

Vocabulary

อย่างไรก็ตาม

yàang-rai-gôr-taam — However; nevertheless; used to introduce a contrasting point

ดูเหมือน

duu-měuan — Seems like; appears to be; looks as though

ไม่มี

mâi-mii — There is none; to not have; lacking something

โอกาส

oh-gàat — Opportunity; chance; occasion to do something

ใด

dai — Any; which; used in questions or indefinite references

เลย

loei — At all; ever; not at all; emphasizes negation

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time

ขณะ

khà-nà — Moment; while; at the time of something

นั้น

nán — That; those; referring to something previously mentioned

ที่

thîi — At; place; relative pronoun connecting clauses

จะ

jà — Will; going to; future tense marker in Thai

ยอมรับ

yoom-ráp — To accept; to acknowledge; to admit something

ข้อเสนอ

khôo-sà-nǒo — Proposal; offer; suggestion put forward to someone

เขา

khǎo — He; she; him; her; third person pronoun

ปฏิเสธ

bpà-dtì-sèet — To refuse; to reject; to deny something offered

ข้อแนะนำ

khôo-náe-nam — Advice; recommendation; suggestion given to someone

ทุก

thúk — Every; all; each one without exception

ชนิด

chá-nít — Type; kind; sort of a thing or category

แนวทาง

naew-thaang — Approach; guideline; direction or course of action

ราวกับ

raao-gàp — As if; as though; similar to something else

ว่า

wâa — That; to say; conjunction introducing reported speech

การ

gaan — The act of; nominalizer for verbs and actions

ถือ

thěuu — To hold; to regard; to consider something as

พรหมจรรย์

phrom-má-jan — Celibacy; chastity; abstinence from sexual activity

ของ

khǒong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

นักบวช

nák-bùat — Clergyman; monk; ordained religious person or priest

เป็น

bpen — To be; to become; linking verb in Thai

หนึ่ง

nèung — One; a; the number one in Thai

ข้อบัญญัติ

khôo-ban-yàt — Rule; commandment; prescribed regulation or ordinance

ทาง

thaang — Way; path; direction; means of doing something

วินัย

wí-nai — Discipline; code of conduct; rules of behavior

ศาสนจักร

sàat-sà-ná-jàk — Church institution; ecclesiastical organization or body

ดังนั้น

dang-nán — Therefore; thus; so; as a result of this

คุณ

khun — You; Mr./Ms.; polite title or second person pronoun

ซึ่ง

sêung — Which; who; that; relative pronoun in Thai

ถูก

thùuk — To be subjected to; correct; passive voice marker

กำหนด

gam-nòt — To determine; to set; to schedule or designate

ชะตา

chá-dtaa — Fate; destiny; one's predetermined course of life

ด้วย

dûay — Also; with; by means of; as well

เลือก

lêuak — To choose; to select; to pick from options

ตนเอง

dton-eeng — Oneself; himself; herself; reflexive pronoun in Thai

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner; kind; type; adverb-forming particle

ชัดเจน

chát-jeen — Clear; evident; obvious; distinct and easy to understand

ให้

hâi — To give; to cause; to let; causative particle

ต้อง

dtông — Must; have to; required to do something

กิน

gin — To eat; to consume food or drink

อาหาร

aa-hǎan — Food; meal; something eaten for nourishment

จืดชืด

jèut-chèut — Bland; tasteless; dull and lacking flavor or interest

โต๊ะ

dtó — Table; desk; a flat-surfaced piece of furniture

ผู้อื่น

phûu-èun — Others; other people; someone other than oneself

เสมอ

sà-mǒo — Always; consistently; equal; ever and every time

และ

láe — And; also; connecting words or clauses together

อดทน

òt-thon — To endure; to be patient; to tolerate hardship

ต่อ

dtòo — Against; toward; per; to continue or withstand

ความ

khwaam — Noun-forming prefix; the state or quality of something

หนาวเหน็บ

nǎao-nèp — Bitter cold; piercing chill; extremely cold weather

ตลอด

dtà-lòot — Throughout; all along; continuously across a period

ชีวิต

chii-wít — Life; one's existence from birth to death

อัน

an — A classifier; one; a certain thing or item

ส่วนแบ่ง

sùan-bàeng — Share; portion; a divided part of something

ผู้

phûu — Person who; one who; nominalized agent prefix

พยายาม

phá-yaa-yaam — To try; to attempt; to make an effort

อบอุ่น

òp-ùn — Warm; cozy; comfortably warm in temperature or feeling

ตัวเอง

dtua-eeng — Oneself; myself; yourself; reflexive personal pronoun

เตาผิง

dtao-phǐng — Fireplace; hearth; a built-in fire for warmth

เท่านั้น

thâo-nán — Only; just that; nothing more than this

แพทย์

phâet — Doctor; physician; a medical professional or practitioner

ชรา

chá-raa — Old; aged; elderly; advanced in years

ชาญฉลาด

chaan-chà-lâat — Clever; wise; intelligent and skilled in thinking

มาก

mâak — Much; many; a lot; very; to a high degree

ประสบการณ์

bprà-sòp-gaan — Experience; knowledge gained through practice over time

มี

mii — To have; there is/are; to possess something

เมตตา

mét-dtaa — Compassion; loving-kindness; goodwill toward all beings

คน

khon — Person; people; human being; individual person

นี้

níi — This; these; referring to something close or present

ความรัก

khwaam-rák — Love; affection; the feeling of deep attachment

แบบ

bàep — Style; type; pattern; a manner or form of

บิดา

bì-daa — Father; male parent; formal word for dad

เคารพ

khao-róp — To respect; to revere; to show honor toward someone

นับถือ

náp-thěuu — To regard highly; to esteem; to hold in respect

บาทหลวง

bàat-lùang — Catholic priest; a Christian clergy member

หนุ่ม

nùm — Young man; youthful; a young male person

บุคคล

búk-khon — Individual; person; a specific human being

เหมาะสม

mòo-sǒm — Appropriate; suitable; fitting for the situation

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — The most; superlative marker; to the greatest degree

บรรดา

ban-daa — All of; among; the whole group of people

มนุษย์

má-nút — Human; mankind; a member of the human species

ทั้งปวง

tháng-phuang — All; every single one; the entirety of something

คอย

khoi — To wait; to await; to look forward to something

อยู่

yùu — To live; to stay; to be located somewhere

ระยะ

rá-yá — Distance; period; interval of space or time

ได้ยิน

dâi-yin — To hear; to perceive sound through the ears

เสียง

sǐang — Sound; voice; noise produced by something

ที่พักอาศัย

thîi-phák-aa-sǎi — Residence; dwelling place; place where one lives

แห่งใหม่

hàeng-mài — New location; new place; a newly established spot

มิตรสหาย

mít-sà-hǎai — Friends; companions; close associates or comrades

ทั้งสอง

tháng-sǒong — Both; the two; referring to two people or things

กับ

gàp — With; and; together with another person or thing

หญิงม่าย

yǐng-mâai — Widow; a woman whose husband has died

เคร่งศาสนา

khrêng-sàat-sà-naa — Devout; deeply religious; strictly observant of faith

ฐานะ

thǎa-ná — Status; position; social or financial standing

ทางสังคม

thaang-sǎng-khom — Social; relating to one's position in society

ดี

dii — Good; fine; positive quality or condition

อาศัยอยู่

aa-sǎi-yùu — To reside; to live somewhere; to dwell in a place

บ้าน

bâan — House; home; a dwelling place for people

ตั้งอยู่

dtâng-yùu — To be situated; to be located at a place

บน

bon — On; above; on top of a surface

พื้นที่

phéun-thîi — Area; space; region or zone of land

เกือบ

gèuap — Almost; nearly; close to but not quite

ตรง

dtrong — Directly; straight; exactly opposite or in front

ที่ตั้ง

thîi-dtâng — Location; site; the place where something is situated

โบสถ์

bòot — Church; temple; a building used for worship

ทรงเกียรติ

song-gìat — Honorable; prestigious; held in high respect

สร้างขึ้น

sâang-khêun — Built; constructed; established or erected over time

ภายหลัง

phaai-lǎng — Afterward; later on; subsequent to an earlier event

สุสาน

sù-sǎan — Cemetery; graveyard; burial ground for the dead

แต่เดิม

dtàe-doem — Originally; formerly; in the beginning or past

ทุ่งนา

thûng-naa — Rice field; open farmland; agricultural plains

ด้านหนึ่ง

dâan-nèung — On one side; one aspect; one direction of something

จึง

jeung — Therefore; so; consequently as a logical result

เหมาะ

mòo — Suitable; fitting; appropriate for a given purpose

อย่างยิ่ง

yàang-yîng — Very much; extremely; to a very great degree

กระตุ้น

grà-dtûn — To stimulate; to encourage; to prompt action or thought

เกิด

gèrt — To occur; to be born; to arise or happen

ใคร่ครวญ

khrâi-khruan — To contemplate; to reflect; to think over carefully

จริงจัง

jing-jang — Serious; earnest; genuinely committed to something

สอดคล้อง

sòot-khlóong — To be consistent with; to align; to harmonize with

อาชีพ

aa-chîip — Occupation; career; profession or vocation of someone

ทั้ง

tháng — Both; all; the entirety of a group or set

ห่วงใย

hùang-yai — To care for; to be concerned about someone's wellbeing

มารดา

maan-daa — Mother; female parent; formal word for mom

ผู้ใจดี

phûu-jai-dii — Kind-hearted person; someone who is generous and good

เธอ

thoe — She; her; informal second or third person pronoun

ได้

dâi — Can; to be able to; past tense marker

จัด

jàt — To arrange; to organize; to set up something

ห้อง

hông — Room; a separate space within a building

ด้านหน้า

dâan-nâa — Front side; the forward-facing part of something

แก่

gàe — To; for; old; giving something to someone elderly

ได้รับ

dâi-ráp — To receive; to get; to obtain something from someone

แสงแดด

sǎeng-dàet — Sunlight; sunshine; rays of light from the sun

สาดส่อง

sàat-sòng — To shine upon; to illuminate; to cast light over

พร้อม

phróom — Ready; along with; together; prepared for something

ผ้าม่าน

phâa-mâan — Curtain; drape; fabric hung over a window

หน้าต่าง

nâa-dtàang — Window; an opening in a wall with glass

หนา

nǎa — Thick; dense; not thin in measurement or texture

ทึบ

thép — Opaque; solid; not allowing light to pass through

เพื่อ

phêua — In order to; for the purpose of doing something

สร้าง

sâang — To build; to create; to construct or produce something

มืดสลัว

mêut-sà-lua — Dim; gloomy; faintly dark with little light

ยาม

yaam — At the time of; guard; during a particular period

เที่ยงวัน

thîang-wan — Noon; midday; twelve o'clock in the afternoon

เมื่อ

mêua — When; at the time that something occurred

ต้องการ

dtông-gaan — To want; to need; to desire something strongly