The Scarlet Letter — Page 178

Vocabulary

กระนั้น

kra-nan — Even so; nevertheless; despite that situation

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or context

ขณะ

kha-na — Moment; while; at the time of

เดียวกัน

diao-kan — The same; identical; at the same time

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

ก็

ko — Also; then; particle indicating continuation or consequence

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as something

เรื่อง

rueang — Story; matter; topic; subject of discussion

น่า

na — Worthy of; deserving; prefix expressing emotion

เศร้า

sao — Sad; sorrowful; feeling grief or melancholy

ที่

thi — That; which; at; relative pronoun or place marker

จะ

cha — Will; going to; future tense marker

คิด

khit — To think; to consider; to have a thought

ถึง

thueng — To reach; until; about; concerning something

ความ

khwam — Prefix forming abstract nouns from adjectives or verbs

ทุกข์

thuk — Suffering; pain; distress; Buddhist concept of dukkha

ทรมาน

tho-ra-man — To torment; to suffer; to cause great pain

อัน

an — A classifier; one; a relative particle for things

อาจ

at — Might; may; possibly; expressing possibility or uncertainty

แก่

kae — To; for; old; directed toward someone or something

ชีวิต

chi-wit — Life; existence; one's living experience

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; a relative pronoun linking clauses

เขา

khao — He; she; they; third-person pronoun for people

ต้อง

tong — Must; have to; need to do something

ดิ้นรน

din-ron — To struggle; to strive hard against difficulties

ฝ่าฟัน

fa-fan — To overcome; to push through obstacles or hardships

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to; for the purpose of something

ไป

pai — To go; to proceed; directional particle away

สู่

su — Toward; to; in the direction of something

ชัย

chai — Victory; triumph; success in a contest

ชนะ

cha-na — To win; to defeat; to be victorious over

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

ตน

ton — Oneself; self; reflexive pronoun for oneself

เมื่อ

muea — When; at the time that something occurred

พิจารณา

phi-cha-ra-na — To consider; to examine; to deliberate carefully

จาก

chak — From; departing from a place or source

หม่นหมอง

mon-mong — Gloomy; dim; sad and clouded in expression

และ

lae — And; connecting words, phrases, or clauses together

หวาดกลัว

wat-klua — To fear; to be terrified; filled with dread

ห้วง

huang — Depths; abyss; a deep expanse of something

ลึก

luek — Deep; profound; extending far down or inward

แห่ง

haeng — Of; from; a classifier for places or things

ดวงตา

duang-ta — Eyes; the pair of eyes on a person

นักบวช

nak-buat — Clergy; monk; ordained religious person

ผู้

phu — Person who; one who; prefix for a person

สงสาร

song-san — To pity; to feel compassion for someone's suffering

การ

kan — Act of; process; prefix nominalizing action words

ต่อสู้

to-su — To fight; to struggle; to battle against something

นั้น

nan — That; those; referring to something previously mentioned

ช่าง

chang — How; such; exclamation intensifying a quality

เจ็บปวด

chep-puat — Painful; hurting; experiencing physical or emotional pain

นัก

nak — Very; much; intensifier following adjectives or verbs

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing to be or do something

ห่าง

hang — Far; distant; separated by a great distance

ไกล

klai — Far away; distant; not nearby in space

มั่นใจ

man-chai — Confident; certain; sure about something

ผู้เฒ่า

phu-thao — An elderly person; an old man or woman

ตลอด

ta-lot — Throughout; all along; the entire duration

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through; to go by; to experience

มา

ma — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

คน

khon — Person; people; human being; classifier for people

มี

mi — To have; to possess; there is or are

อารมณ์

a-rom — Emotion; mood; feeling; state of mind

สงบ

sa-ngop — Calm; peaceful; tranquil; free from disturbance

เสงี่ยม

sa-ngiam — Reserved; modest; quiet and unassuming in manner

เมตตา

met-ta — Loving-kindness; compassion; benevolence toward others

แม้

mae — Even though; although; despite the fact that

ไม่ใช่

mai-chai — Not; is not; negation of identity or type

รักใคร่

rak-khrai — To love fondly; to feel warm affection for

อบอุ่น

op-un — Warm; cozy; feeling of comfort and affection

แต่

tae — But; however; yet; contrasting conjunction

ทุก

thuk — Every; all; each without exception

สัมพันธ์

sam-phan — Relationship; connection; bond between people or things

กับ

kap — With; and; together with; in relation to

โลก

lok — World; earth; the universe or society at large

ชาย

chai — Man; male; a male person

บริสุทธิ์

bo-ri-sut — Pure; innocent; untainted by wrongdoing or corruption

เที่ยงธรรม

thiang-tham — Just; fair; impartial in judgment and conduct

ได้

dai — Can; could; to obtain; past tense marker

เริ่มต้น

roem-ton — To begin; to start; the initial stage of something

สืบสวน

suep-suan — To investigate; to inquire; to probe into something

ดัง

dang — Like; as; such as; loud; renowned

ด้วย

duai — With; also; by means of; too

ซื่อสัตย์

sue-sat — Honest; truthful; faithful and sincere in conduct

เคร่งครัด

khreng-khrat — Strict; rigorous; adhering firmly to rules or principles

เสมอภาค

sa-moe-phak — Equality; equal treatment of all people

พิพากษา

phi-phak-sa — To judge; to render a verdict; to adjudicate

ปรารถนา

prat-tha-na — To desire; to wish for; to long for something

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just; nothing more than

จริง

ching — True; real; genuine; actually the case

เท่านั้น

thao-nan — Only; that is all; nothing else beyond this

ราวกับ

rao-kap — As if; as though; seemingly like something else

ว่า

wa — That; say; complementizer introducing reported speech

คำถาม

kham-tham — Question; inquiry; something asked to gain information

ไม่ได้

mai-dai — Did not; cannot; negates past action or ability

เกี่ยวข้อง

kiao-khong — To be related; to be involved; to concern something

สิ่งใด

sing-dai — Anything; whatever; any thing whatsoever

มาก

mak — Many; much; a lot; very; in great quantity

กว่า

kwa — More than; greater than; comparative particle

เส้น

sen — Line; strand; classifier for lines or noodles

รูปทรง

rup-song — Shape; form; geometric figure or physical outline

จินตนาการ

chin-ta-na-kan — Imagination; the ability to create mental images

ปัญหา

pan-ha — Problem; issue; difficulty requiring a solution

แทนที่

thaen-thi — Instead of; to replace; to substitute for something

มนุษย์

ma-nut — Human being; mankind; a person

อยุติธรรม

a-yu-ti-tham — Unjust; unfair; lacking justice or fairness

กระทำ

kra-tham — To do; to commit; to carry out an action

ต่อ

to — Against; toward; per; continuing; connecting particle

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals and some objects

เอง

eng — Self; oneself; by oneself; emphatic reflexive particle

ดำเนิน

dam-noen — To proceed; to carry on; to conduct an activity

หลงใหล

long-lai — To be obsessed; to be fascinated; to be captivated

สะพรึงกลัว

sa-phrueng-klua — Terrifying; horrifying; causing intense fear or dread

จำเป็น

cham-pen — Necessary; essential; must be done or had

ชนิด

cha-nit — Type; kind; sort; category of something

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one; a single thing

ดุดัน

du-dan — Fierce; aggressive; intimidating in manner or behavior

ยึดกุม

yuet-kum — To seize; to grip; to take firm hold of

ชรา

cha-ra — Old age; senility; the state of being aged

ไว้

wai — To keep; to hold; to place and retain something

ไม่เคย

mai-khoei — Never; has never done something before

ปล่อย

ploi — To release; to let go; to set free

อิสระ

it-sa-ra — Free; independent; having liberty and autonomy

อีก

ik — More; again; another; additionally

เลย

loei — At all; ever; so; past; beyond; particle of emphasis

จน

chon — Until; to the point that; poor; destitute

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action

ตาม

tam — According to; following; to follow behind something

คำสั่ง

kham-sang — Order; command; instruction given by authority

ประการ

pra-kan — Aspect; point; way; manner; formal classifier for points

บัดนี้

bat-ni — Now; at this moment; at the present time

ขุด

khut — To dig; to excavate; to burrow into ground

ลง

long — Down; to descend; directional particle downward

หัวใจ

hua-chai — Heart; the organ; center of emotion and feeling

แร่

rae — Ore; mineral; raw mineral found in the ground

ค้นหา

khon-ha — To search for; to look for; to seek out

ทองคำ

thong-kham — Gold; the precious yellow metal of high value

หรือ

rue — Or; question particle at end of yes/no questions

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; and then; completed action marker

ดูแล

du-lae — To take care of; to look after; to tend to

สุสาน

su-san — Cemetery; graveyard; place where the dead are buried

หลุม

lum — Hole; pit; grave; a hollow in the ground

ฝังศพ

fang-sop — To bury a corpse; to inter the dead

เพราะ

phro — Because; since; due to a reason

ต้องการ

tong-kan — To want; to need; to require something

อัญมณี

an-ya-ma-ni — Gemstone; precious stone; jewel of great value

ถูก

thuk — To be; passive marker; correct; cheap in price

ฝัง

fang — To bury; to embed; to inter in the ground

บน

bon — On; upon; on top of a surface

อก

ok — Chest; breast; the front of the torso

ตาย

tai — To die; dead; ceased to live

แนวโน้ม

naeo-nom — Tendency; trend; inclination toward a direction

พบ

phop — To find; to meet; to encounter someone or something

เน่าเปื่อย

nao-pueai — Rotten; decayed; decomposed organic matter

วิญญาณ

win-yan — Soul; spirit; the non-physical essence of a being

หาก

hak — If; in the event that; supposing that

สิ่ง

sing — Thing; object; something; an entity or matter

เหล่านี้

lao-ni — These; referring to a group of nearby things

คือ

khue — Is; to be; means; that is to say

แสวงหา

sa-waeng-ha — To seek; to pursue; to search earnestly for something