The Scarlet Letter — Page 180

Vocabulary

แม้

mae — Even though; despite a given condition

จะ

ja — Will; used to indicate future or intention

ระมัดระวัง

ra-mat-ra-wang — To be careful and cautious in actions

อย่าง

yang — In a manner; type or kind of something

จงใจ

jong-jai — To do something intentionally or deliberately

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just a small amount

ใด

dai — Any; which; used in questions or relative clauses

พื้น

phuen — Floor; ground surface of a room

ก็

ko — Also; then; particle linking clauses together

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing to do something

บาง

bang — Some; thin; a few of something

ครั้ง

khrang — Time; occasion; instance of an event

ส่ง

song — To send; to deliver something to someone

เสียง

siang — Sound; voice; noise made by something

ดัง

dang — Loud; to make a noticeable sound

ลั่น

lan — To crack or clang loudly; resounding noise

เสื้อผ้า

suea-pha — Clothes; clothing; garments worn on body

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

เขา

khao — He; she; they; third-person pronoun

ไหว

wai — To sway; to be able to do something

สะเทือน

sa-thuen — To vibrate; to shake; to be shaken

และ

lae — And; connecting two words or clauses

เงา

ngao — Shadow; shade; silhouette of an object

การ

kan — Act of; process of; nominalizing prefix

ปรากฏตัว

pra-kot-tua — To appear; to make one's presence known

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; relative pronoun connector

เข้า

khao — To enter; to go into a place

ใกล้

klai — Near; close in distance to something

ต้องห้าม

tong-ham — Forbidden; prohibited; not allowed by rules

ทอด

thot — To extend; to stretch out over distance

ยาว

yao — Long; lengthy in distance or time

ไป

pai — To go; away; directional particle

เหยื่อ

yuea — Victim; prey; bait for catching something

กล่าว

klao — To say; to state formally or officially

อีก

ik — Another; more; additionally; again

นัย

nai — Implication; hidden meaning; sense of something

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one; a single unit

ผู้

phu — Person who; one who does something

ความ

khwam — State of; condition; nominalizing prefix for abstracts

ไว

wai — Fast; quick; speedy in action

ประสาท

pra-sat — Nerve; nervous system; related to senses

สัมผัส

sam-phat — To touch; to sense; physical contact

มัก

mak — Often; tend to; usually does something

ก่อ

ko — To cause; to create; to bring about

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative marker

เกิด

koet — To occur; to be born; to happen

ผล

phon — Result; effect; outcome of an action

ดั่ง

dang — Like; as; similar to something

สัญชาตญาณ

san-chat-ya-nan — Instinct; innate impulse guiding behavior naturally

ทาง

thang — Way; path; direction; relating to a field

จิตวิญญาณ

jit-win-yan — Spirit; soul; the spiritual aspect of being

รู้สึก

ru-suek — To feel; to sense an emotion or sensation

เลือนราง

luean-rang — Vague; faint; indistinct and hard to perceive

ว่า

wa — That; to say; introduces a quoted clause

มี

mi — To have; there is; to possess something

สิ่ง

sing — Thing; object; entity or abstract concept

ที่

thi — That; which; place; relative pronoun particle

เป็น

pen — To be; to be in a state

ปฏิปักษ์

pa-ti-pak — Adversary; opponent; hostile or antagonistic entity

ต่อ

to — Against; toward; per; connected to

สงบ

sa-ngop — Calm; peaceful; quiet and undisturbed state

ได้

dai — Can; to get; able to do something

แทรกซึม

saek-suem — To infiltrate; to seep or penetrate gradually

มา

ma — To come; toward the speaker; directional particle

เกี่ยวข้อง

kiao-khong — To be related; to be involved with something

กับ

kap — With; together with; involving another person

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals or clothes

แต่

tae — But; however; only; contrasting conjunction

ผู้เฒ่า

phu-thao — Elderly person; an old respected individual

รับรู้

rap-ru — To perceive; to acknowledge and understand something

เกือบ

kuap — Almost; nearly; close to a certain point

เช่น

chen — Such as; for example; like something similar

กัน

kan — Each other; together; mutually; reciprocal action

เมื่อ

muea — When; at the time that something occurred

นักบวช

nak-buat — Clergyman; ordained religious practitioner or priest

ผละ

phla — To turn away abruptly; to break away suddenly

สายตา

sai-ta — Eyesight; gaze; one's line of vision

ตื่นตกใจ

tuen-tok-jai — To be startled; suddenly shocked or frightened

แพทย์

phaet — Doctor; physician; a medical professional

นั้น

nan — That; those; referring to something mentioned before

นั่ง

nang — To sit; to be seated in a place

อยู่

yu — To stay; to be located at a place

ตรง

trong — Straight; direct; right opposite of somewhere

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a space or context

ฐานะ

tha-na — Status; position; role or standing in society

มิตร

mit — Friend; ally; a friendly companion

ใจดี

jai-di — Kind-hearted; generous and good-natured person

คอย

khoi — To wait; to anticipate something or someone

เฝ้า

fao — To watch over; to guard or monitor carefully

ดู

du — To look; to watch; to observe something

เห็นอกเห็นใจ

hen-ok-hen-jai — To sympathize; to feel compassion for someone

ไม่

mai — No; not; negation particle in Thai

เคย

khoei — Ever; used to; previously done something before

ก้าวก่าย

kao-kai — To intrude; to interfere in others' affairs

กระนั้น

kra-nan — Nevertheless; even so; despite that fact

อาจ

at — May; might; expressing possibility or probability

มองเห็น

mong-hen — To see; to be able to visually perceive

อุปนิสัย

up-pa-ni-sai — Character; personality traits; habitual nature of person

บุคคล

buk-khon — Person; individual; a human being

นี้

ni — This; these; referring to something nearby

ชัดเจน

chat-chen — Clear; evident; distinct and easy to understand

กว่า

kwa — More than; comparative particle in Thai

หาก

hak — If; in case that; conditional conjunction

หมกมุ่น

mok-mun — Obsessed; deeply preoccupied with one thing

ซึมเศร้า

suem-sao — Depressed; feeling persistently sad and hopeless

จิตใจ

jit-jai — Mind; heart; one's mental and emotional state

เจ็บปวด

jep-puat — To hurt; to feel physical or emotional pain

ตก

tok — To fall; to drop into a state

ภาวะ

pha-wa — Condition; state; situation one is experiencing

ทำให้

tham-hai — To cause; to make something happen or change

ระแวง

ra-waeng — To be suspicious; to distrust those around you

สงสัย

song-sai — To doubt; to wonder; to be curious about

มนุษย์

ma-nut — Human being; mankind; a person

ทุก

thuk — Every; all; each one without exception

คน

khon — Person; people; classifier for human beings

ไว้วางใจ

wai-wang-jai — To trust; to rely on someone confidently

ใคร

khrai — Who; anyone; a person unspecified

จึง

jueng — Therefore; so; as a result of something

จำแนก

jam-naek — To classify; to distinguish between different categories

ศัตรู

sat-tru — Enemy; foe; one who opposes you

ตน

ton — Oneself; one's own self; reflexive pronoun

ขึ้น

khuen — Up; to rise; upward directional particle

จริงๆ

jing-jing — Really; truly; genuinely; used for emphasis

คง

khong — Probably; likely; to remain constant

คบหา

khop-ha — To associate with; to keep company with someone

สมาคม

sa-ma-khom — Association; society; an organized group of people

ชาย

chai — Man; male; a male person

คุ้นเคย

khun-khoei — Familiar; accustomed; well acquainted with something

โดย

doi — By; by means of; through an agent

ต้อนรับ

ton-rap — To welcome; to receive guests warmly

ชรา

cha-ra — Old age; elderly; advanced in years

ห้อง

hong — Room; a partitioned space inside a building

ทำงาน

tham-ngan — To work; to perform one's job or duties

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time

หรือ

rue — Or; whether; used to present alternatives

มิ

mi — Not; literary negation particle in Thai

เยี่ยมเยียน

yiam-yian — To visit; to pay a call on someone

ทดลอง

thot-long — To experiment; to test something to find results

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to; for the purpose of something

เพลิดเพลิน

phloet-phloen — To enjoy; to take pleasure in an activity

ชม

chom — To admire; to praise; to view with appreciation

กระบวนการ

kra-buan-kan — Process; procedure; series of systematic steps

แปร

prae — To transform; to change into something different

พืชพันธุ์

phuet-phan — Plant species; varieties of flora and vegetation

กลาย

klai — To become; to turn into something else

ยา

ya — Medicine; drug; remedy for treating illness

อัน

an — Classifier for small objects; one; that

ทรง

song — To have potency; royal form; to maintain shape

ฤทธิ์

rit — Power; potency; magical or medicinal strength

ขณะ

kha-na — Moment; while; at the time of something

วาง

wang — To place; to put down on a surface

หน้าผาก

na-phak — Forehead; the part of face above eyebrows

บน

bon — On; on top of; above a surface

ฝ่ามือ

fa-mue — Palm of the hand; inner surface of hand

ศอก

sok — Elbow; the joint in the middle of arm

ขอบ

khop — Edge; rim; border of an object or surface

หน้าต่าง

na-tang — Window; an opening in a wall for light

เปิด

poet — To open; to turn on; to start something

หัน

han — To turn; to face a different direction

หน้า

na — Face; front; next; page of a book

สุสาน

su-san — Cemetery; graveyard; burial ground for the dead

พูดคุย

phut-khui — To chat; to talk casually with someone

ตรวจ

truat — To examine; to inspect; to check carefully

กำ

kam — To grip; to hold tightly in one's hand

พืช

phuet — Plant; vegetation; a living botanical organism

น่าเกลียด

na-kliat — Ugly; unpleasant in appearance; repulsive looking