The Scarlet Letter — Page 182

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ข้าพเจ้า

khaa phá jâo — Formal first-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

ก็

gôr — Particle meaning 'also', 'then', or 'so'.

มิได้

mí dâi — Formal negative meaning 'did not' or 'have not'.

อ่าน

àan — To read written text or material.

หรือ

rʉ̌ʉ — Conjunction meaning 'or'; also used in questions.

ตีความ

dtii khwaam — To interpret or give meaning to something.

พระคัมภีร์

phrá kham phii — Sacred scripture or holy religious text.

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sàk sìt — Holy, sacred, or having divine power.

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in', 'inside', or 'within'.

แบบ

bàep — Style, type, pattern, or manner of something.

ที่

thîi — Relative pronoun or preposition meaning 'that', 'where', 'at'.

จะ

jà — Auxiliary indicating future tense or intention.

เข้าใจ

khâo jai — To understand or comprehend something.

ว่า

wâa — Complementizer meaning 'that'; introduces reported speech.

การเปิดเผย

gaan pəət phəəi — The act of revealing or disclosing information.

ความคิด

khwaam khít — A thought, idea, or mental concept.

การกระทำ

gaan grà tham — An action, deed, or act performed by someone.

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'.

มนุษย์

má nút — A human being or humankind in general.

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'that'.

เกิดขึ้น

gəət khʉ̂n — To occur, happen, or come into existence.

วัน

wan — A day in the calendar; daytime period.

นั้น

nán — Demonstrative meaning 'that' referring to something distant.

มี

mii — To have or there is/are something.

เจตนา

jèt dtà naa — Intention, purpose, or deliberate aim behind an action.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative particle meaning 'to let' or 'for'.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb connecting subject and predicate.

ส่วนหนึ่ง

sùan nʉ̀ng — A part or portion of a larger whole.

การลงโทษ

gaan long thôot — The act of punishing someone for wrongdoing.

นั่น

nân — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' (thing or fact).

คง

khong — Probably, likely, or presumably; expressing assumption.

มุมมอง

mum mɔɔng — A viewpoint, perspective, or point of view.

ตื้นเขิน

tʉ́ʉn khəən — Shallow, superficial, lacking depth or substance.

อย่างแน่นอน

yàang nâe nɔɔn — Certainly, definitely, or without any doubt.

เหล่านี้

làao níi — Demonstrative plural meaning 'these' (things or people).

หาก

hàak — Conjunction meaning 'if' or 'should it be that'.

เข้าใจผิด

khâo jai phìt — To misunderstand or have a mistaken interpretation.

อย่างมาก

yàang mâak — Very much, greatly, or to a large degree.

ล้วน

lúan — All, entirely, or without exception.

มุ่งหมาย

mûng mǎai — To aim at, intend, or have as a goal.

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, or just a limited amount.

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — Conjunction or preposition meaning 'in order to' or 'for'.

สนอง

sà nɔɔng — To fulfill, satisfy, or respond to a need.

ความพึงพอใจ

khwaam phʉng phɔɔ jai — Satisfaction, contentment, or fulfillment of desire.

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, direction, or means of something.

ปัญญา

pan yaa — Wisdom, intellect, or deep understanding.

สรรพสัตว์

sàp phá sàt — All living beings or creatures of every kind.

ผู้มี

phûu mii — One who has or possesses a quality.

สติปัญญา

sà dtì pan yaa — Intelligence, wisdom, and mental faculty combined.

ทั้งปวง

tháng puang — All, every one, or the entirety of something.

ยืน

yʉʉn — To stand upright on one's feet.

รอคอย

rɔɔ khɔɔi — To wait and anticipate something eagerly.

เห็น

hěn — To see or visually perceive something.

ปัญหา

pan hǎa — A problem, issue, or difficult question.

อัน

an — Classifier or relative pronoun referring to a thing.

มืดมน

mʉ̂ʉt mon — Dark, gloomy, obscure, or without hope.

ชีวิต

chii wít — Life, existence, or one's living experience.

นี้

níi — Demonstrative meaning 'this', nearby referent.

ถูก

thùuk — To be correct; passive marker; to be acted upon.

เปิดเผย

pəət phəəi — To reveal, disclose, or make something known publicly.

กระจ่างแจ้ง

grà jàang jâeng — Clear, lucid, or thoroughly illuminated and explained.

ความรู้

khwaam rúu — Knowledge or the state of knowing something.

เกี่ยวกับ

gìiao gàp — Regarding, about, or concerning a topic.

จิตใจ

jìt jai — The mind and heart; inner mental and emotional state.

สิ่งจำเป็น

sìng jam pen — Something necessary, essential, or required.

สำหรับ

sǎm ràp — Preposition meaning 'for' a specific person or purpose.

การแก้ปัญหา

gaan gâe pan hǎa — The act of solving or resolving a problem.

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner or way; adverbial marker of degree.

สมบูรณ์

sǒm buun — Complete, perfect, or fully developed without deficiency.

ที่สุด

thîi sùt — Superlative marker meaning 'most' or 'the most'.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, or also; indicates ongoing state.

คิด

khít — To think, consider, or have a thought.

อีกด้วย

ìik dûai — Also, additionally, or as well as other things.

หัวใจ

hǔa jai — The heart; physically or as seat of emotion.

เก็บ

gèp — To keep, store, collect, or hold something.

ความลับ

khwaam láp — A secret or confidential piece of information.

น่าสังเวช

nâa sǎng wêet — Pitiful, lamentable, or evoking sadness and pity.

เช่น

chên — Such as, for example, or like in comparisons.

ท่าน

thân — Respectful second or third person pronoun, 'you' or 'he/she'.

กล่าวถึง

glàao thʉ̌ng — To mention, refer to, or speak about something.

ยอม

yɔɔm — To consent, agree, yield, or accept willingly.

สละ

sà là — To give up, relinquish, or sacrifice something willingly.

สิ่ง

sìng — A thing, object, or abstract matter.

เหล่านั้น

làao nán — Demonstrative plural meaning 'those' things or people.

สุดท้าย

sùt tháai — Last, final, or at the very end.

มิใช่

mí châi — Formal negative 'is not' or 'it is not'.

ด้วย

dûai — With, by means of, also, or as well.

ความลังเล

khwaam lang lee — Hesitation, indecision, or wavering uncertainty.

แต่

dtàe — Conjunction meaning 'but', contrasting two statements.

ความปีติยินดี

khwaam pii dtì yin dii — Great joy, delight, or exhilaration of the heart.

ไม่อาจ

mâi àat — Cannot, is unable to, or it is impossible to.

บรรยาย

ban yaai — To describe, narrate, or explain in detail.

ได้

dâi — Can, able to, or past tense auxiliary marker.

แล้ว

láew — Already; indicates completion of an action.

เหตุใด

hèet dai — Formal 'why' or 'for what reason'.

จึง

jʉng — Therefore, so, or consequently as a result.

ไม่

mâi — Negation particle meaning 'not' or 'no'.

ที่นี่

thîi nîi — Here, at this place or location.

เล่า

lâo — Question particle seeking explanation; also 'to tell a story'.

ถาม

thǎam — To ask a question of someone.

พลาง

phlaang — While simultaneously doing another action.

มอง

mɔɔng — To look at or gaze toward something.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away.

นักบวช

nák bùat — A clergyman, monk, or ordained religious person.

เงียบๆ

ngîap ngîap — Quietly, silently, or in a very hushed manner.

ความผิด

khwaam phìt — A wrongdoing, fault, guilt, or offense committed.

รีบ

rîip — To hurry, rush, or act with urgency.

ใช้ประโยชน์

cháai pra yòot — To make use of or take advantage of something.

จาก

jàak — From, out of, or away from a source.

ความบรรเทาใจ

khwaam ban thao jai — Mental relief, comfort, or easing of distress.

เสียก่อน

sǐia gɔ̀ɔn — First, beforehand, or prior to doing something else.

ส่วนใหญ่

sùan yài — Most of, the majority, or the greater part.

พวกเขา

phûak khǎo — They or them; third person plural pronoun.

ทำ

tham — To do, make, or perform an action.

เช่นนั้น

chên nán — Like that, in that manner, or so.

กล่าว

glàao — To say, state, or formally express something.

กุม

gum — To grip, clasp, or hold something tightly.

อก

òk — The chest or breast area of the body.

แน่น

nâen — Tight, firm, tightly packed, or strongly held.

ราวกับ

raao gàp — As if, as though, or just like something.

รบกวน

róp guan — To disturb, bother, or cause discomfort to someone.

ความเจ็บปวด

khwaam jèp bpùat — Pain, ache, or physical and emotional suffering.

เต้น

dtên — To beat, throb, or dance with rhythmic movement.

อยู่

yùu — To be located; ongoing aspect marker; to live/reside.

ไม่หยุด

mâi yùt — Without stopping; continuously and without pause.

จิตวิญญาณ

jìt win yaan — The soul, spirit, or spiritual essence of a being.

ผู้น่าสงสาร

phûu nâa sǒng sǎan — A pitiable person worthy of compassion and sympathy.

มากมาย

mâak maai — Plentiful, abundant, or a very large amount.

นัก

nák — Very, extremely; intensifier used after adjectives.

มอบ

mɔ̂ɔp — To hand over, give, or entrust something to someone.

ความไว้วางใจ

khwaam wái waang jai — Trust, confidence, or reliance placed in someone.

แก่

gàe — To; for a recipient; also means 'old' or 'aged'.

บน

bon — On top of or above a surface.

เตียง

dtiang — A bed used for sleeping or resting.

มรณะ

má rá ná — Death or pertaining to dying; formal literary term.

เท่านั้น

thâo nán — Only, solely, that's all, nothing more.

ขณะ

khà nǎ — While, during, or at the moment that something happens.

แข็งแกร่ง

khǎeng grâeng — Strong, tough, powerful, or robust in character.

ชื่อเสียง

chʉ̂ʉ sǐang — Reputation or fame, positive public recognition.

ดีงาม

dii ngaam — Good and virtuous; morally excellent and admirable.

ทุกครั้ง

thúk khráng — Every time, each occasion, or whenever something occurs.

หลังจาก

lǎng jàak — After, following an event or point in time.

การระบาย

gaan rá baai — The act of venting, releasing, or unburdening feelings.

โอ้

ôo — Exclamation 'oh!' expressing surprise or emotion.

ได้เห็น

dâi hěn — To have seen or witnessed something with one's eyes.

ความโล่งอก

khwaam lôong òk — A feeling of relief or lightness in the chest.

เพียงใด

phiang dai — How much, to what extent, or in what degree.

พี่น้อง

phîi nɔ́ɔng — Siblings; also used as 'brethren' in a community.

ผู้มีบาป

phûu mii bàap — A person who has sinned or carries wrongdoing.

ผู้

phûu — Prefix meaning 'one who' or 'person who' does something.

หายใจ

hǎai jai — To breathe; the act of inhaling and exhaling.

เอา

ao — To take, get, or bring something; causative particle.

อากาศ

aa gàat — Air, atmosphere, or weather conditions.

บริสุทธิ์

bɔɔ rí sùt — Pure, clean, innocent, or untainted.

เข้าไป

khâo pai — To go into or enter a place or space.

รัดรึง

rát rʉng — To tighten, constrict, or bind firmly around something.

ลมหายใจ

lom hǎai jai — Breath; the air inhaled and exhaled while breathing.

เน่าเหม็น

nâo měn — Rotten and foul-smelling; putrid or fetid.

ตนเอง

dton eeng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward.

เนิ่นนาน

nəən naan — For a long time; prolonged or extended duration.

อื่นใด

ʉ̀ʉn dai — Any other; referring to any alternative thing or person.

อย่างไร

yàang rai — How, in what way, or by what means.