The Scarlet Letter — Page 217

Vocabulary

ไม่ว่า

mai wa — no matter; regardless of what follows

จะ

ja — future tense marker; will, going to

อย่างไร

yang rai — how; in what way or manner

ก็ตาม

ko tam — also; even so; no matter what

หาก

hak — if; in the event that something occurs

สิ่งนั้น

sing nan — that thing; referring to something previously mentioned

มี

mee — to have; to possess; there is

ข้อมูล

kho muun — information; data; facts about something

ลับ

lap — secret; confidential; hidden from others

ใดๆ

dai dai — any; whichever; used for indefinite reference

เกี่ยวกับ

kiao kap — about; concerning; related to a topic

ผู้เฒ่า

phu thao — elderly person; old man or woman

มัน

man — it; third-person pronoun for things or animals

ก็

ko — then; also; discourse particle linking clauses

เป็น

pen — to be; to exist as something

ภาษา

pha-sa — language; system of communication used by people

ที่

thee — that; which; relative pronoun or place marker

นักบวช

nak buат — clergy; religious practitioner; monk or priest

ผู้

phu — person who; one who; nominalizing prefix

คงแก่เรียน

khong kae rian — learned; scholarly; highly educated and knowledgeable

ไม่อาจ

mai at — cannot; unable to; impossible to do something

เข้าใจ

khao jai — to understand; to comprehend something clearly

ได้

dai — can; able to; also marks past tense

และ

lae — and; connecting words, phrases, or clauses

ยิ่ง

ying — even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

ทำให้

tham hai — to cause; to make something happen or change

จิตใจ

jit jai — mind; heart; inner emotional and mental state

ของ

khong — of; belonging to; possessive particle

เขา

khao — he; she; they; third-person pronoun

สับสน

sap son — confused; muddled; in a state of disorder

งุนงง

ngun ngong — bewildered; perplexed; deeply puzzled and uncertain

มากขึ้น

mak khuен — more; increasingly; to a greater extent

เท่านั้น

thao nan — only; just that; nothing more than

เด็กน้อย

dek noi — little child; small young person

ดุจ

dut — like; as if; resembling something else

นางฟ้า

nang fa — angel; fairy; heavenly female being

แห่ง

haeng — of; from; classifier for places or sources

ป่า

pa — forest; jungle; wild wooded area

นั้น

nan — that; those; demonstrative pronoun pointing away

หัวเราะ

hua ro — to laugh; to express amusement vocally

ออกมา

ok ma — to come out; to emerge from inside

ดังๆ

dang dang — loudly; with a loud sound or voice

โอ้โห

o ho — wow; oh my; exclamation of surprise or amazement

เช่นนั้น

chen nan — like that; in that way; such as that

จริงๆ

jing jing — really; truly; emphasizing truth or sincerity

พวกเรา

phuak rao — we; us; our group of people

นักวิชาการ

nak wi-cha-kan — academic; scholar; person devoted to scholarly study

มัว

mua — engrossed; preoccupied; distracted by doing something

จม

jom — to sink; to be submerged or deeply absorbed

อยู่

yuu — to be; to stay; continuous aspect marker

กับ

kap — with; together with; and (connecting nouns)

หนังสือ

nang sue — book; written publication; document

จำเป็น

jam pen — necessary; essential; must be done

ต้อง

tong — must; have to; required to do something

ได้รับ

dai rap — to receive; to obtain; to be given something

การ

kan — nominalizer prefix; the act of doing something

ดูแล

du lae — to take care of; to look after someone

อย่าง

yang — in a manner; kind; way of doing something

ใกล้ชิด

klai chit — close; intimate; in a near relationship

เรา

rao — we; I; first-person pronoun (singular or plural)

ฝัน

fan — to dream; a dream during sleep

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a place or time

ยาม

yam — time; period; moment; a watch or guard

ตื่น

tuen — to wake up; to be awake and alert

เดิน

doen — to walk; to move on foot

หลับ

lap — to sleep; to be asleep; eyes closed in rest

ข้า

kha — I; me; archaic or formal first-person pronoun

ใช้

chai — to use; to utilize something for a purpose

เวลา

we-la — time; period; a specific moment or duration

ส่วนใหญ่

suan yai — most; the majority; the greater part

คืนนี้

khuен nee — tonight; this night; the current evening

เคียงข้าง

khiang khang — beside; alongside; next to someone or something

เตียง

tiang — bed; a piece of furniture for sleeping

ท่าน

than — you; he/she; respectful honorific second or third person

ผู้ว่าการ

phu wa kan — governor; administrator; person overseeing a region

ทรงเกียรติ

song kiat — honorable; distinguished; having great respect and dignity

พยายาม

pha-ya-yam — to try; to make an effort to do something

ทำ

tham — to do; to make; to perform an action

ทุกสิ่ง

thuk sing — everything; all things; every single thing

เท่าที่

thao thee — as much as; to the extent that possible

ฝีมือ

fee mue — skill; craftsmanship; level of ability or expertise

อัน

an — classifier for small objects; a; one (item)

น้อยนิด

noi nit — very little; tiny amount; hardly any at all

ช่วย

chuay — to help; to assist; to aid someone

บรรเทา

ban-thao — to relieve; to alleviate; to ease pain or burden

ความ

khwam — nominalizing prefix indicating a state or feeling

เจ็บปวด

jep puat — pain; suffering; physical or emotional hurt

เมื่อ

muea — when; at the time that something happened

กำลัง

kam-lang — currently; in the process of; progressive aspect marker

เดินทาง

doen thang — to travel; to journey from one place to another

กลับ

klap — to return; to go back to a place

บ้าน

ban — home; house; one's place of residence

สู่

su — toward; to; in the direction of something

โลก

lok — world; the earth; a realm of existence

ดี

dee — good; fine; of positive quality or character

กว่า

kwa — more than; comparative marker indicating greater degree

เอง

eng — oneself; by itself; emphatic self-reference particle

เช่นกัน

chen kan — likewise; also; in the same way too

แสง

saeng — light; beam; radiance from a light source

ประหลาด

pra-lat — strange; unusual; odd and surprising

ปรากฏ

pra-kot — to appear; to emerge; to become visible

ขึ้น

khuен — up; to rise; directional particle indicating upward movement

มา

ma — to come; directional particle toward the speaker

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle moving away from speaker

เถิด

thoet — please do; go ahead; imperative encouragement particle

วิงวอน

wing won — to plead; to beg earnestly; to implore someone

บาทหลวง

bat luang — Catholic priest; a Christian religious ordained minister

มิฉะนั้น

mi-cha-nan — otherwise; if not; or else something bad occurs

ไม่

mai — no; not; negation particle in Thai

สามารถ

sa-mat — able to; capable of; having the ability

ปฏิบัติ

pa-ti-bat — to practice; to perform; to carry out a duty

หน้าที่

na thee — duty; responsibility; one's assigned role or task

วัน

wan — day; a 24-hour period of time

สะบาโต

sa-ba-to — Sabbath; a weekly day of religious rest and worship

พรุ่งนี้

phrung nee — tomorrow; the day following today

อา

a — ah; oh; exclamation expressing realization or surprise

ดู

du — to look; to watch; to observe something

ซิ

si — particle urging action; go on; come on then

สมอง

sa-mong — brain; the organ responsible for thinking and intelligence

เพียงใด

phiang dai — how much; to what extent; in what degree

เหล่านี้

lao nee — these; referring to a group of nearby things