The Scarlet Letter — Page 218

Vocabulary

ท่าน

than — Formal/polite pronoun for 'you' or respected person

ควร

khuan — Should; ought to; advisable to do something

ศึกษา

seuksa — To study; to learn; to educate oneself

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative marker in sentences

น้อย

noi — Little; few; small in amount or quantity

ลง

long — To go down; to descend; directional particle downward

คุณ

khun — You; polite title used before names

ผู้ดี

phu di — A refined, well-mannered, or upper-class person

และ

lae — And; used to connect words or clauses

หา

ha — To look for; to search; to seek something

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix indicating abstract concept or state

บันเทิง

banthoeng — Entertainment; amusement; fun and enjoyment

พักผ่อน

phak phon — To rest; to relax; to take a break

บ้าง

bang — Some; somewhat; at least a little bit

ไม่

mai — No; not; negation particle in Thai

เช่น

chen — For example; such as; like the following

นั้น

nan — That; those; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

ฝัน

fan — To dream; a dream during sleep

เพ้อ

phoeo — To rave; to fantasize; to talk deliriously

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time

ยาม

yam — A period of time; a guard; a watchman

ค่ำคืน

kham khuen — Nighttime; the evening and night hours

เหล่า

lao — Group; those; plural classifier for people or things

นี้

ni — This; these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

จะ

cha — Will; going to; future tense marker in Thai

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

รุมเร้า

rum rao — To besiege; to overwhelm; to be assailed from all sides

มาก

mak — Many; much; a lot; very

ขึ้น

khuen — To go up; to rise; upward directional particle

ข้าพเจ้า

kha phachao — Formal first-person pronoun; I, formal and polite

กลับ

klap — To return; to go back; to reverse

บ้าน

ban — Home; house; one's residence or dwelling

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away from speaker

กับ

kap — With; and; together with someone or something

กล่าว

klao — To say; to state; to speak formally

ด้วย

duai — Also; too; with; by means of something

สิ้นหวัง

sin wang — Hopeless; in despair; without any hope remaining

อัน

an — A general classifier; one; a certain thing

เย็น

yen — Cold; cool; in the evening; refreshingly cool

ชา

cha — Numb; tea; lacking sensation in a body part

ดั่ง

dang — Like; as; similar to; resembling something

ผู้

phu — Person who; one who; nominalizing prefix for people

ที่

thi — At; place; relative pronoun; that which

ตื่น

tuen — To wake up; to be awake; to be alert

มา

ma — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

อย่าง

yang — Type; manner; way; kind of something

อ่อนแรง

on raeng — Weak; lacking strength; physically feeble and tired

จาก

chak — From; away from; departing a place or person

ร้าย

rai — Bad; evil; wicked; harmful or malicious

เขา

khao — He; she; they; third-person pronoun in Thai

ยอม

yom — To yield; to accept; to give in; to consent

มอบ

mop — To hand over; to give; to entrust to someone

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals and clothing

แก่

kae — To; for; old; giving direction toward recipient

แพทย์

phaet — Doctor; physician; a medical professional

ถูก

thuk — To be acted upon; cheap; correct; passive marker

พา

pha — To lead; to take someone along; to bring

ออก

ok — To go out; to exit; outward direction

อย่างไร

yang rai — How; in what way; what manner of something

ก็ตาม

ko tam — Regardless; no matter; whatever the case may be

วัน

wan — Day; a specific day of the week

รุ่งขึ้น

rung khuen — The next day; the following morning; next dawn

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; a relative pronoun connector

เป็น

pen — To be; to become; linking verb in Thai

ได้

dai — Can; to be able to; past tense marker

เทศนา

thetsana — To preach; a sermon delivered to a congregation

ธรรม

tham — Dharma; religious truth; righteousness; the law

ถือ

thue — To hold; to consider; to carry in hand

กัน

kan — Each other; together; mutual action among people

ว่า

wa — That; to say; quotative or complementizer particle

การ

kan — Nominalizing prefix indicating action or process

เทศน์

thet — Sermon; religious preaching; a religious discourse

ไพเราะ

phaiро — Melodious; pleasant-sounding; beautiful in speech or music

ทรง

song — Royal honorific; to maintain; to hold upright

พลัง

phlang — Power; energy; force; strength

ที่สุด

thi sut — The most; utmost; superlative degree marker

เปี่ยมล้น

piam lon — Overflowing; brimming; abundantly full of something

อิทธิพล

itthiphon — Influence; power over others; impact on things

แห่ง

haeng — Of; from; belonging to a place or source

สวรรค์

sawan — Heaven; paradise; a divine celestial realm

เท่า

thao — Equal to; as much as; equivalent amount

เคย

khoei — Used to; ever; have experience doing something before

ปาก

pak — Mouth; the opening of the face for speech

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

มี

mi — To have; there is; to possess something

จิตวิญญาณ

chit winyan — Soul; spirit; the inner essence of a person

กว่า

kwa — More than; comparative particle; than in comparisons

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one; a single unit

ดวง

duang — Classifier for lights, stars, souls; a single round object

นำพา

nam pha — To lead; to guide; to bring along somewhere

สู่

su — Toward; to; in the direction of something

จริง

ching — True; real; genuine; actually so

ครั้ง

khrang — Time; occasion; instance; classifier for occurrences

ต่าง

tang — Different; various; each; distinct from one another

ก็

ko — Also; then; well; discourse particle in Thai

สาบาน

saban — To swear an oath; to vow solemnly

ใจ

chai — Heart; mind; inner feelings or emotions

รักษา

raksa — To treat medically; to maintain; to preserve

กตัญญู

katanyu — Grateful; thankful; showing gratitude toward benefactors

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

saksit — Sacred; holy; having divine power or sanctity

ต่อ

to — Toward; against; per; to continue; next

ตลอด

talot — Throughout; all along; the whole duration

กาล

kan — Time; era; period; used in formal or literary contexts

แต่

tae — But; however; only; since; from a point in time

ขณะ

khana — Moment; while; at the time that something happens

เดิน

doen — To walk; to go on foot

บันได

bandai — Stairs; staircase; ladder; steps to climb

แท่น

thaen — Platform; pedestal; pulpit; raised platform or base

เจ้าหน้าที่

chao na thi — Official; officer; an authorized person on duty

โบสถ์

bot — Church; chapel; a Christian or Buddhist place of worship

เครา

khrao — Beard; facial hair on the chin or cheeks

ยาว

yao — Long; lengthy; extended in length or duration

สี

si — Color; hue; shade of a particular color

เทา

thao — Gray; the color between black and white

พบ

phop — To meet; to find; to encounter someone or something

โดย

doi — By; through; by means of; via

ยก

yok — To lift; to raise; to pick up; to promote

ถุงมือ

thung mue — Glove; a covering worn over the hand

ดำ

dam — Black; dark in color

บาทหลวง

bat luang — Priest; a Christian ordained religious minister

จำ

cham — To remember; to memorize; to recall information

ตน

ton — Oneself; self; one's own person reflexively

เอง

oeng — Oneself; by oneself; reflexive or emphatic particle

มัน

man — It; he/she informally; third-person informal pronoun

เช้า

chao — Morning; early part of the day

บน

bon — On; on top of; above a surface

นั่งร้าน

nang ran — Scaffold; scaffolding; elevated platform for construction or display

ใช้

chai — To use; to utilize; to employ something

ประจาน

prachan — To publicly shame; to expose someone to humiliation

กระทำ

kratham — To commit; to perform; to carry out an act

ชั่ว

chua — Evil; wicked; bad; morally wrong behavior

คิด

khit — To think; to consider; to calculate mentally

ทิ้ง

thing — To throw away; to abandon; to discard something

ไว้

wai — To keep; to place; to leave something somewhere

นั่น

nan — That; that thing over there; referring to something distant

เจตนา

chetana — Intention; purpose; deliberate aim or motive

เยาะเย้ย

yo yoei — To mock; to ridicule; to taunt or sneer at

ถากถาง

thak thang — To satirize; to scoff; to speak sarcastically about someone

เคารพ

khaorop — To respect; to show reverence toward someone

แท้จริง

thae ching — Truly; in reality; the genuine truth of something

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; after that; completion marker

ตา

ta — Eye; maternal grandfather; sense of vision

บอด

bot — Blind; unable to see; lacking vision

โง่เขลา

nga khla — Foolish; ignorant; lacking wisdom or intelligence

มือ

mue — Hand; the part of the body used for grasping

บริสุทธิ์

borísut — Pure; innocent; clean; untainted morally or physically

จำเป็น

champen — Necessary; essential; must be done; required

ต้อง

tong — Must; have to; to be required to do something

สวม

suam — To wear; to put on clothing or accessories

ปิดบัง

pit bang — To conceal; to hide; to keep something secret

ขอบคุณ

khopkhun — Thank you; expressing gratitude toward someone

เพื่อน

phuean — Friend; companion; a person one is close to

จริงจัง

ching chang — Serious; earnest; genuinely sincere about something

ตก

tok — To fall; to drop; to descend downward

ตะลึง

taloeng — To be stunned; to be astonished; speechless with shock

อยู่

yu — To be at; to stay; to live somewhere; progressive marker

ภายใน

phai nai — Inside; within; interior of a place or time period

เพราะ

phro — Because; due to; for the reason that

ทรงจำ

song cham — Memory; recollection; to remember something formally

สับสน

sapson — Confused; mixed up; in a state of disorder

จน

chon — Until; to the point that; poor; impoverished

เกือบ

kueap — Almost; nearly; not quite reaching a point

โน้มน้าว

nom nao — To persuade; to convince; to sway someone's opinion

ตัวเอง

tua oeng — Oneself; by one's own self; reflexive expression

มอง

mong — To look at; to gaze; to observe something visually

เหตุการณ์

hetu kan — Event; incident; an occurrence or happening

คืน

khuen — Night; nighttime; to return something to someone

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through; to go past; to go through

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just; nothing more than

ภาพ

phap — Image; picture; a visual representation

นิมิต

nimit — Vision; omen; a prophetic or supernatural image seen

ใช่

chai — Yes; correct; that is right; affirmative answer

ดู

du — To look; to watch; to observe something

เหมือน

muean — Like; similar to; resembling something else

จริงๆ

ching ching — Really; truly; genuinely; used for strong emphasis