The Scarlet Letter — Page 219

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

เนื่องจาก

nueang jaak — Because of; due to; used to introduce a reason.

เห็น

hen — To see; to visually perceive something.

สมควร

som khuan — Appropriate; deserving; fitting for a situation.

ที่จะ

thii ja — That will; used before a verb to indicate intention.

ขโมย

kha mooi — To steal; a thief; one who takes others' property.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

ไป

pai — To go; to move away from current location.

ท่าน

than — You; a formal or respectful second-person pronoun.

ผู้เคารพ

phuu khao rop — One who respects; a respectful person.

จึง

jueng — Therefore; so; consequently linking cause and effect.

จำเป็น

jam pen — Necessary; essential; required in a given situation.

ต้อง

tong — Must; have to; expressing obligation or necessity.

จัดการ

jat kaan — To manage; to handle; to deal with a matter.

กับ

gap — With; together with; a preposition linking two items.

โดย

dooi — By; through; indicating means or method of action.

ไม่

mai — No; not; negation particle used before verbs.

สวม

suam — To wear; to put on clothing or accessories.

ถุงมือ

thung mue — Gloves; hand coverings worn for protection or warmth.

ต่อจาก

to jaak — Following from; continuing after a previous point.

นี้

nii — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby thing.

ผู้ดูแล

phuu duu lae — Caretaker; guardian; one who looks after something.

โบสถ์

boot — Church; a Christian place of worship and prayer.

ชรา

cha raa — Old age; elderly; the state of being aged.

พูด

phuut — To speak; to talk; to say something aloud.

พลาง

phlaang — While simultaneously doing another action; meanwhile.

ยิ้ม

yim — To smile; a facial expression showing happiness.

อย่าง

yaang — In a way; manner; type or kind of something.

หมอง

moong — Dull; tarnished; gloomy in appearance or mood.

เศร้า

sao — Sad; sorrowful; feeling grief or unhappiness.

แต่

tae — But; however; conjunction showing contrast between ideas.

ได้ยิน

dai yin — To hear; to perceive sound through the ears.

เรื่อง

rueang — Story; matter; topic or subject being discussed.

ลาง

laang — Omen; sign; a portent of things to come.

บอกเหตุ

bok het — To foretell; indicating a sign or cause of event.

ที่

thii — That; which; relative pronoun or location marker.

ปรากฏ

pra kot — To appear; to become visible or manifest suddenly.

เมื่อ

muea — When; at the time that something occurred.

คืนนี้

khuen nii — Tonight; this night; the current evening or night.

บ้าง

baang — Some; somewhat; a particle indicating vague quantity.

ไหม

mai — Question particle used at end of yes/no questions.

นั่น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun for something farther away.

คือ

khue — Is; means; used to define or identify something.

อักษร

ak son — Letter; character; a written symbol of an alphabet.

สีแดง

sii daeng — Red color; the color of blood or fire.

ขนาดใหญ่

kha naat yai — Large size; big in dimensions or scale.

บน

bon — On; above; positioned on top of a surface.

ท้องฟ้า

thong faa — Sky; the expanse of atmosphere seen from earth.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; a relative pronoun connecting clauses.

เรา

rao — We; us; first-person plural pronoun in Thai.

ตีความ

tii khwaam — To interpret; to give meaning to a sign or text.

ว่า

waa — That; say; introduces reported speech or a clause.

หมายถึง

maai thueng — To mean; to signify; to refer to something specific.

หรือ

rue — Or; a conjunction presenting alternative options.

เทวทูต

thee wa thuut — Angel; a divine messenger in religious belief.

เพราะ

phro — Because; since; giving a reason for something.

ผู้ว่าการ

phuu waa kaan — Governor; the leader or administrator of a region.

ผู้ดี

phuu dii — A good person; a noble or virtuous individual.

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

ได้

dai — Can; to be able to; or past tense marker.

กลายเป็น

klaai pen — To become; to transform into something different.

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place, time, or concept.

คืน

khuen — Night; the dark period between sunset and sunrise.

ผ่านมา

phaan maa — Passed; gone by; referring to a previous period.

ไม่ต้อง

mai tong — No need to; not necessary to do something.

สงสัย

song sai — To doubt; to be curious; to question something.

เลย

loei — At all; ever; an intensifying particle in Thai.

ควร

khuan — Should; ought to; expressing advisability or recommendation.

จะ

ja — Will; going to; future tense marker in Thai.

มี

mii — To have; there is/are; expressing existence or possession.

สัญญาณ

san yaan — Signal; sign; an indicator conveying information.

บางอย่าง

baang yaang — Something; some thing; an unspecified object or matter.

บ่งบอก

bong bok — To indicate; to point to; to suggest something.

เรื่องนี้

rueang nii — This matter; this story; this particular topic.

นักบวช

nak buat — Clergy; a religious devotee or ordained person.

ตอบ

top — To answer; to reply; to respond to a question.

ข้าพเจ้า

khaa phaja — I; me; a formal first-person pronoun in Thai.

ไม่เคย

mai khoei — Never; have never done something before.

มาก่อน

maa kon — Before; previously; having occurred at an earlier time.

มุมมอง

mum mong — Point of view; perspective; way of seeing something.

อีก

iik — Another; more; again; an additional instance or amount.

ด้าน

daan — Side; aspect; a face or dimension of something.

การ

kaan — Nominalization prefix turning verbs into abstract nouns.

พบปะ

phop pa — To meet; to encounter someone socially.

แปลก

plaek — Strange; unusual; different from what is expected.

ประหลาด

pra laat — Weird; bizarre; surprisingly odd in nature.

ครั้ง

khrang — Time; instance; a counter for occurrences or events.

ล่าสุด

laa sut — Latest; most recent; the newest occurrence or version.

นาย

naai — Mr.; a title for men; also means boss or master.

รู้สึก

ruu suek — To feel; to sense; to experience an emotion.

ตกใจ

tok jai — To be startled; to be shocked or frightened suddenly.

สภาพ

sa phap — Condition; state; the current situation of something.

เธอ

thoe — She; her; second or third person feminine pronoun.

พบ

phop — To find; to meet; to encounter someone or something.

ผู้นี้

phuu nii — This person; this individual being referred to.

ตกต่ำ

tok tam — To decline; to fall low; deteriorated in status.

ลง

long — Down; to go down; directional particle indicating descent.

ความกล้าหาญ

khwaam klaa haang — Courage; bravery; the quality of being fearless.

เขา

khao — He; she; him; her; third-person personal pronoun.

ดู

duu — To look; to watch; to observe something visually.

เหมือน

muean — Like; similar to; resembling something else.

ถูก

thuuk — To be subjected to; passive marker or 'correct'.

ทำลาย

tham laai — To destroy; to damage; to ruin something completely.

สิ้นเชิง

sin choeng — Completely; entirely; totally without exception.

พลัง

phalang — Power; energy; force or strength of some kind.

ทาง

thaang — Way; path; direction or means of doing something.

ศีลธรรม

sin la tham — Morality; ethics; principles of right and wrong behavior.

ลดทอน

lot thon — To reduce; to diminish; to weaken or cut down.

จน

jon — Until; to the point that; also means 'poor'.

อ่อนแอ

on ae — Weak; feeble; lacking physical or mental strength.

ยิ่งกว่า

ying kwaa — More than; even more than; to a greater degree.

เด็ก

dek — Child; kid; a young person or small child.

หมอบ

mop — To crouch; to prostrate; to lie flat submissively.

ราบ

raap — Flat; level; smooth and horizontal surface or ground.

ไร้

rai — Without; lacking; devoid of something completely.

หนทาง

hon thaang — Path; way; a route or means to a goal.

พื้นดิน

phuean din — Ground; earth; the surface of the land below.

แม้

mae — Even though; although; despite a certain condition.

ขณะ

kha na — While; moment; during a particular period of time.

ความสามารถ

khwaam saa maat — Ability; capability; skill or competence in something.

ปัญญา

pan yaa — Wisdom; intellect; knowledge and good judgment.

ยังคง

yang khong — Still; continue to; remaining in a certain state.

รักษา

rak saa — To maintain; to preserve; to treat or take care.

ความ

khwaam — Prefix nominalizing adjectives and verbs into abstract nouns.

แข็งแกร่ง

khaeng kraeng — Strong; robust; having great physical or mental strength.

ดั้งเดิม

dang doem — Original; traditional; existing from the very beginning.

ไว้

wai — To keep; to store; to maintain for future use.

อาจ

aat — May; might; expressing possibility or probability.

ได้รับ

dai rap — To receive; to obtain; to be given something.

พลังงาน

pha lang ngaan — Energy; power; the capacity to do physical work.

ผิดปกติ

phit pa ka ti — Abnormal; unusual; deviating from the normal state.

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just; limited to a small amount.

โรคภัย

rok phai — Illness; disease; sickness afflicting a person's health.

เท่านั้น

thao nan — Only; that's all; nothing more than what's stated.

มอบ

mop — To give; to bestow; to hand over something to someone.

ให้

hai — To give; to let; to allow; a causative marker.

ด้วย

duai — With; also; too; together with something else.

ความรู้

khwaam ruu — Knowledge; understanding; information one has learned.

เกี่ยวกับ

kiao gap — About; regarding; concerning a particular topic.

เหตุการณ์

het kaan — Event; incident; something that happened at a time.

ต่อเนื่อง

to nueang — Continuous; ongoing; happening without interruption.

ซ่อนเร้น

son ren — Hidden; concealed; secret from others' knowledge.

จาก

jaak — From; away from; indicating a point of origin.

คน

khon — Person; people; a human being or individual.

อื่น

ueen — Other; another; different from what was mentioned.

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All; everything; the entire total of something.

สามารถ

saa maat — Can; to be able to; capable of doing something.

สรุป

sa rup — To summarize; to conclude; to draw a final point.

ง่ายดาย

ngaai daai — Easily; effortlessly; done without difficulty at all.

นอกเหนือ

nok nue — Beyond; in addition to; outside the scope of something.

กระทำ

kra tham — To act; to commit; to perform an action deliberately.

อัน

an — A classifier for objects; also 'which' as relative pronoun.

ชอบธรรม

chop tham — Righteous; just; morally correct and fair.

จิตสำนึก

jit sam nuek — Conscience; moral awareness; sense of right and wrong.

เอง

eng — Oneself; by oneself; emphasizing personal agency.

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; indicating completion of an action.

กลไก

kon la kai — Mechanism; machinery; a system of working parts.

น่าสะพรึงกลัว

naa sa phrueng klua — Terrifying; frightening; causing great fear in others.

นำ

nam — To lead; to bring; to take something somewhere.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward.

ใช้

chai — To use; to utilize; to make use of something.

กดดัน

kot dan — To pressure; to push; to exert stress on someone.

ปฏิบัติการ

pa ti bat kaan — Operation; practice; carrying out an action or procedure.

อยู่

yuu — To be; to stay; to exist at a location.

ต่อ

to — Against; toward; per; continuing or connecting something.

เป็นอยู่

pen yuu — To live; to exist; current state of living or being.

ที่ดี

thii dii — Good; well-being; a positive or favorable condition.

ความสงบสุข

khwaam sa ngop suk — Peace; tranquility; a state of calm and happiness.

รู้

ruu — To know; to be aware of; to have knowledge.

ชาย

chaai — Man; male; a male person or the male gender.

ผู้

phuu — Person who; one who; prefix for a doer of action.

น่าสงสาร

naa song saan — Pitiful; pathetic; deserving sympathy or compassion.

คนนี้

khon nii — This person; this individual being referred to currently.

เคย

khoei — Used to; once; having done something in the past.

เป็น

pen — To be; to become; linking subject to complement.

อย่างไร

yaang rai — How; in what way; asking about manner or condition.

จิตวิญญาณ

jit wi nyaan — Soul; spirit; the spiritual essence of a person.

สั่นสะเทือน

san sa thuean — To tremble; to shake; to vibrate with fear or force.

สยองขวัญ

sa yong khwan — Horror; terror; something causing extreme fear or dread.

ร้องขอ

rong kho — To request; to appeal; to ask for something urgently.

หญิง

ying — Woman; female; a female person or the female gender.

เนรเทศ

nee ra thet — To exile; to banish; to expel someone from a place.

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to; for the purpose of doing something.

ขอ

kho — To ask; to request; to beg for something politely.

ช่วยเหลือ

chuai lue — To help; to assist; to provide aid to someone.

ต่อสู้

to suu — To fight; to struggle; to battle against opposition.

ศัตรู

sat tru — Enemy; foe; an opponent or adversary against you.

ค้นพบ

khon phop — To discover; to find out; to uncover something new.

สัญชาตญาณ

san chaat ya aan — Instinct; innate impulse; natural behavior without thinking.