The Scarlet Letter — Page 226

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates ongoing state or action.

เป็น

pen — To be; links subject with predicate or state.

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

เปลี่ยนแปลง

plian plaeng — To change, transform, or undergo alteration.

ที่

thii — At, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker.

น่า

naa — Worth, deserving; precedes adjectives to mean '-able'.

เศร้า

sao — Sad, sorrowful, feeling grief or melancholy.

ด้วย

duay — Also, too, with; indicates accompaniment or addition.

เช่น

chen — Such as, for example; introduces examples.

กัน

gan — Each other, together; indicates mutual or shared action.

ผม

phom — Hair (on head); also polite 'I' for males.

อัน

an — Classifier for small or general objects; one item.

ดก

dok — Thick and abundant, especially of hair or foliage.

ดำ

dam — Black; the color black or dark.

หรูหรา

ruu raa — Luxurious, elegant, glamorous in appearance.

ของ

khaawng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle.

เธอ

thoe — She, her, you (informal feminine pronoun).

นั้น

nan — That, those; demonstrative pronoun indicating distance.

ไม่ว่า

mai waa — No matter, regardless of; introduces conditions.

จะ

ja — Will, shall; future tense marker or intention.

ถูก

thuuk — To be (passive marker); also correct or cheap.

ตัด

tat — To cut, trim, or sever something.

ออก

awk — Out, outward; indicates movement away or emergence.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away.

หรือ

ruue — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives or choices.

ซ่อน

son — To hide, conceal something from view.

อยู่

yuu — To be located; indicates ongoing state or residence.

ใต้

tai — Under, beneath, below something.

หมวก

muak — Hat, cap; head covering worn outdoors.

อย่าง

yaang — Like, as, in a manner; adverbial modifier.

สมบูรณ์

sombun — Complete, perfect, whole, fully developed.

จน

jon — Until, to the point of; also means poor.

ไม่มี

mai mii — To not have; there is none of something.

เส้น

sen — Strand, line; classifier for hair or noodles.

เปล่ง

pleng — To emit, radiate, or give off light or sound.

ประกาย

prakaai — Sparkle, glimmer, ray of light.

แม้แต่

mae tae — Even, not even; emphasizes an extreme case.

เดียว

diao — Single, alone, only one.

เลย

loei — At all, then, so; intensifier or discourse marker.

โผล่

phlo — To emerge, pop out, appear suddenly.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating toward speaker.

สู่

suu — Toward, to; preposition indicating direction.

แสง

saeng — Light, ray, beam of light.

แดด

daet — Sunlight, sunshine, direct sun rays.

ส่วน

suan — Part, portion, section of a whole.

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one.

เพราะ

phro — Because, since; gives reason or cause.

สาเหตุ

saahet — Cause, reason, source of an event.

เหล่า

lao — These, those; plural marker for groups.

นี้

nii — This, these; demonstrative indicating proximity.

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All, entire, everything in total.

แต่

tae — But, however; contrast conjunction.

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more, increasingly; intensifier of comparison.

กว่า

gwaa — Than, more than; comparative marker.

คือ

khue — Is, namely, that is; equating two concepts.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter in general.

อื่น

uuen — Other, another, else; different from this.

บาง

baang — Some, certain; refers to an unspecified part.

ประการ

praakaan — Aspect, respect, manner; formal classifier for points.

ทำให้

tham hai — To cause, make something happen or become.

ดู

duu — To look, watch, appear, seem.

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, resembling something else.

ว่า

waa — That; introduces reported speech or clauses.

บน

bon — On, above, on top of a surface.

ใบหน้า

bai naa — Face; the front of a person's head.

ใด

dai — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun.

เหลือ

luea — To remain, be left over, have surplus.

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning 'to let/make'.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix for abstract nouns or qualities.

รัก

rak — Love; to love someone deeply.

ได้

dai — Can, able to; also past tense marker.

พัก

phak — To rest, take a break, pause.

พิง

phing — To lean against, rest upon a surface.

อีก

iik — Again, more, another; indicates addition or repetition.

ต่อ

to — Against, toward, per; continuation or opposition.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context.

รูป

ruup — Form, shape, body, image, picture.

กาย

gaai — Body, physical form of a person.

แม้

mae — Even though, although; concessive conjunction.

สง่างาม

sa-ngaa ngaam — Dignified, graceful, stately in bearing.

ดุจ

dut — Like, as if, resembling; literary comparison word.

ดัง

dang — Like, as; also means loud sound.

ปั้น

pan — To mold, sculpt, shape with hands.

ราคะ

raakha — Lust, passion, carnal desire; Buddhist term.

ฝัน

fan — To dream; a dream during sleep.

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at, about, regarding.

โอบ

op — To embrace, wrap arms around someone.

กอด

got — To hug, embrace someone affectionately.

ไว้

wai — To keep, retain, hold in place.

อ้อม

om — To go around, encircle; roundabout way.

แขน

khaen — Arm; the upper limb of the body.

อก

ok — Chest, breast, bosom of a person.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

กลาย

glaai — To become, turn into, transform into something.

หมอน

mawn — Pillow, cushion used for resting head.

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; formal possessive or locative particle.

ใคร่

khrai — To desire, crave, wish for something.

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, instance, occasion; classifier for occurrences.

คุณลักษณะ

khun laksana — Quality, characteristic, attribute of a person.

จาก

jaak — From, away from; indicates origin or departure.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses.

ยั่งยืน

yang yuen — Lasting, enduring, sustainable over long time.

สำคัญ

samkhan — Important, significant, essential to consider.

คง

khong — Probably, likely; indicates assumption or stability.

ผู้หญิง

phuu ying — Woman, female person.

ชะตากรรม

chata gam — Fate, destiny, one's lot in life.

มัก

mak — Often, tend to, usually do something.

เกิด

goet — To be born, occur, happen, arise.

ขึ้น

khuen — Up, upward; indicates increase or occurrence.

พัฒนาการ

phatthana gaan — Development, progress, growth over time.

เข้มงวด

khem nguad — Strict, stern, rigorous in enforcing rules.

อุปนิสัย

uppa nisai — Disposition, habit, natural character or temperament.

บุคลิกภาพ

bukkhlik khapha — Personality, personal character and demeanor.

หญิง

ying — Female, woman, girl; feminine gender.

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time that something occurred.

ผู้

phuu — Person who; nominalizing prefix for people.

เผชิญ

phachooen — To face, confront, encounter a challenge directly.

มี

mii — To have, possess; there is or are.

ชีวิต

chiiwit — Life, existence, living being.

ผ่าน

phaan — To pass through, go through, experience.

ประสบการณ์

prasop gaan — Experience, knowledge gained through events.

รุนแรง

run raeng — Severe, intense, violent, harsh in nature.

พิเศษ

phi set — Special, extraordinary, exceptional in quality.

หาก

haak — If, in case; conditional conjunction.

อ่อนโยน

on yon — Gentle, tender, soft and kind in manner.

ก็

go — Then, also; discourse particle linking clauses.

ตาย

taai — To die, be dead, cease to live.

รอด

rot — To survive, escape, be saved from danger.

บีบ

biip — To squeeze, press, compress tightly.

คั้น

khan — To wring, squeeze out juice or liquid.

มิ

mi — Not; formal/literary negation particle.

ลักษณ์

lak — Characteristic, feature, trait (often used in compounds).

ภายนอก

phaai nok — Outside, external, outward appearance.

ลึก

luek — Deep, profound, far below the surface.

ลง

long — Down, downward; indicates decrease or movement down.

หัวใจ

hua jai — Heart; center of emotion or feeling.

ไม่

mai — Not, no; general negation particle.

อาจ

aat — May, might, possibly; expresses possibility.

แสดง

sadaeng — To show, display, perform, demonstrate.

ทฤษฎี

thritsadii — Theory, theoretical framework or concept.

หลัง

lang — After, behind, back; rear or subsequent.

ถูกต้อง

thuuk tong — Correct, accurate, right, proper.

ที่สุด

thii sut — Most, the most; superlative marker.

เคย

khoei — Ever, used to; indicates past experience.

หยุด

yut — To stop, halt, cease an action.

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then, after that; past completion marker.

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each without exception.

ขณะ

khana — Moment, instant, while; a point in time.

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just; limits quantity or degree.

สัมผัส

samphat — To touch, feel, sense physical contact.

วิเศษ

wiset — Wonderful, magical, excellent, extraordinary.

แปร

prae — To transform, convert, change form.

เปลี่ยน

plian — To change, switch, alter something.

เรา

rao — We, us, I; first person pronoun.

เห็น

hen — To see, perceive with eyes, notice.

ได้รับ

dai rap — To receive, obtain, get something given.

ภาย

phaai — Within, inside; used in compounds like ภายใน.