The Scarlet Letter — Page 231

Vocabulary

เหตุผล

het-phon — reason or logical justification for something

อัน

an — classifier for small or general objects

ชอบธรรม

chop-tham — righteous, legitimate, or morally justified

เพียง

phiang — only, merely, just a small amount

ประการ

pra-kan — aspect, point, or item in a list

เดียว

diao — single, alone, only one

ของ

khong — of, belonging to someone or something

เธอ

thoe — she, her, or informal second-person pronoun

นั้น

nan — that, referring to something previously mentioned

อยู่

yu — to be located, to stay, to exist

ที่

thi — at, place, or relative clause marker

ความ

khwam — nominalizer prefix indicating abstract concepts

จริง

ching — true, real, genuine, actually so

ว่า

wa — that, to say, introducing a clause

ไม่

mai — no, not, negation particle

สามารถ

sa-mat — to be able to, capable of doing

มอง

mong — to look at, to gaze toward something

เห็น

hen — to see, to perceive visually

วิธี

wi-thi — method, way, or means of doing

ใด

dai — any, which, whichever option or thing

จะ

cha — will, future tense or intention marker

ช่วย

chuai — to help, assist, or aid someone

เขา

khao — he, him, she, her, they

ให้

hai — to give, to allow, causative marker

พ้น

phon — to be free from, escape, get past

จาก

chak — from, away from a source or place

หายนะ

ha-ya-na — disaster, catastrophe, ruin, calamity

มืดมน

muet-mon — dark and gloomy, bleak, without hope

ยิ่ง

ying — even more, increasingly, to a greater degree

กว่า

kwa — more than, comparative marker in Thai

ท่วมทับ

thuam-thap — to overwhelm, flood over, inundate completely

ตัว

tua — body, self, classifier for animals

เอง

eng — oneself, by oneself, personally, alone

ได้

dai — can, able to, to get, to obtain

นอก

nok — outside, beyond, exterior of something

การ

kan — nominalizer for actions or processes

ยินยอม

yin-yom — to consent, agree, give permission willingly

ตาม

tam — to follow, according to, in accordance with

แผนการ

phaen-kan — plan, scheme, or organized strategy

ปลอมตัว

plom-tua — to disguise oneself, assume a false identity

ภายใต้

phai-tai — under, beneath, subject to conditions

แรง

raeng — force, strength, power, strongly

กระตุ้น

kra-tun — to stimulate, urge, motivate, prompt action

ตัดสินใจ

tat-sin-chai — to make a decision, to decide something

เลือก

lueak — to choose, select, or pick an option

และ

lae — and, connecting words or clauses

ดัง

dang — as, like, loud, famous, as shown

ปรากฏ

pra-kot — to appear, emerge, become evident

ใน

nai — in, inside, within a place or time

บัดนี้

bat-ni — now, at this moment, presently

ทางเลือก

thang-lueak — option, alternative, choice available

น่า

na — worthy of, deserving a particular feeling

สังเวช

sang-wet — to feel pity, compassion mixed with sadness

บรรดา

ban-da — all of, among a group of things

สอง

song — two, the number two

ทาง

thang — way, path, direction, means

ตั้งใจ

tang-chai — to intend, be determined, focus on something

แน่วแน่

naeo-nae — firm, resolute, unwavering in determination

ไถ่ถอน

thai-thon — to redeem, reclaim, atone for something

ผิดพลาด

phit-phlat — mistake, error, to go wrong

ตน

ton — oneself, one's own self, formal reflexive

เท่า

thao — equal to, as much as, only

ยัง

yang — still, yet, also, continuing action

เป็น

pen — to be, to exist as something

ไป

pai — to go, away, directional particle

ด้วย

duai — with, also, by means of something

เข้มแข็ง

khem-khaeng — strong, tough, resilient, mentally or physically

ผ่าน

phan — to pass through, pass by, undergo

ทดสอบ

thot-sop — to test, examine, put through a trial

ยากลำบาก

yak-lam-bak — difficult and troublesome, hard to endure

หนักหน่วง

nak-nuang — heavy, burdensome, oppressive in weight

มา

ma — to come, toward the speaker, directional

หลาย

lai — many, several, numerous

ปี

pi — year, annual unit of time

รู้สึก

ru-suek — to feel, sense, be aware of emotionally

ตนเอง

ton-eng — oneself, one's own self, reflexive pronoun

อ่อนแอ

on-ae — weak, feeble, lacking strength

เกินไป

koen-pai — too much, excessively, beyond a limit

รับมือ

rap-mue — to handle, cope with, deal with challenges

กับ

kap — with, together, to, against someone

อีก

ik — more, again, another, additionally

ต่อ

to — per, against, to continue, extend

เช่น

chen — such as, for example, like

คืน

khuen — night, or to return something back

ถูก

thuk — correct, cheap, or passive marker

ย่ำยี

yam-yi — to trample upon, oppress, humiliate cruelly

บาป

bap — sin, wrongdoing, moral transgression

เกือบ

kueap — almost, nearly, close to happening

สิ้นสติ

sin-sa-ti — to lose consciousness, faint, lose one's senses

อับอาย

ap-ai — ashamed, embarrassed, feeling deep shame

ขายหน้า

khai-na — to be disgraced, lose face publicly

สดใหม่

sot-mai — fresh, new, recently occurring or made

ขณะ

kha-na — moment, while, at the time of

พวกเขา

phuak-khao — they, them, a group of people

สนทนา

son-tha-na — to converse, have a conversation together

กัน

kan — each other, together, mutually, among themselves

ห้อง

hong — room, enclosed space inside a building

ขัง

khang — to confine, imprison, lock up someone

นับ

nap — to count, consider, regard as something

แต่

tae — but, however, only, since a time

ก้าวขึ้น

kao-khuen — to step up, rise, move to higher position

สู่

su — toward, to, in the direction of

จุด

chut — point, spot, dot, to light something

สูง

sung — high, tall, elevated in position

เดิม

doem — original, former, previous state or position

กลับ

klap — to return, go back, reverse direction

ชาย

chai — man, male, edge or bank of water

ชรา

cha-ra — elderly, old age, aged person

ดึง

dueng — to pull, tug, draw toward oneself

ตัวเอง

tua-eng — oneself, by oneself, one's own self

ลง

long — down, to descend, directional particle downward

ใกล้

klai — near, close to, proximity in space

ระดับ

ra-dap — level, grade, standard, rank

มาก

mak — much, many, a lot, very

ขึ้น

khuen — up, to rise, increase, upward direction

หรือ

rue — or, whether, a question particle

อาจ

at — might, may, possibly, perhaps

ต่ำ

tam — low, inferior, below average level

ซ้ำ

sam — again, repeated, to do once more

แก้แค้น

kae-khaen — to take revenge, retaliate against someone

ก้มตัว

kom-tua — to bend down, bow the body forward

กระทำ

kra-tham — to act, commit, perform an action

ที่สุด

thi-sut — most, superlative degree, extreme end

พบ

phop — to meet, encounter, find someone or something

อดีต

a-dit — past, former, previous time or status

สามี

sa-mi — husband, male spouse in marriage

ทำ

tham — to do, make, perform an action

ทุก

thuk — every, all, each without exception

อย่าง

yang — way, type, kind, manner of doing

อำนาจ

am-nat — power, authority, control over others

เพื่อ

phuea — in order to, for the purpose of

ช่วยเหลือ

chuai-luea — to help, assist, provide aid to someone

เหยื่อ

yua — victim, prey, target of harm

จับกุม

chap-kum — to arrest, apprehend, detain a person

ไว้

wai — to keep, retain, store for later use

ชัดเจน

chat-chen — clear, distinct, obvious, unambiguous

โอกาส

o-kat — opportunity, chance, occasion to do something

ต้อง

tong — must, have to, be required to

รอ

ro — to wait, await someone or something

นาน

nan — long time, for a lengthy duration

บ่าย

bai — afternoon, mid to late daytime hours

วัน

wan — day, a 24-hour period of time

หนึ่ง

nueng — one, the number one, a certain

เดินเล่น

doen-len — to take a walk, stroll leisurely

ส่วน

suan — part, portion, section, as for someone

เงียบสงัด

ngiap-sa-ngat — very quiet, secluded, completely still and silent

คาบสมุทร

khap-sa-mut — peninsula, land surrounded by water on sides

พบเห็น

phop-hen — to come across, notice, encounter by seeing

แพทย์

phaet — doctor, physician, medical professional

ผู้

phu — person who, one who does something

ถือ

thue — to hold, carry, consider, regard as

ตะกร้า

ta-kra — basket, woven container for carrying things

บน

bon — on top of, above, upper surface

แขน

khaen — arm, the limb from shoulder to hand

ข้าง

khang — side, beside, next to something

ไม้เท้า

mai-thao — walking stick, cane used for support

มือ

mue — hand, the body part for grasping

ค้นหา

khon-ha — to search for, look for, seek out

พื้นดิน

phuen-din — ground, earth, surface of the land

เก็บ

kep — to collect, gather, pick up, store

รากไม้

rak-mai — plant root, root of a tree or plant

สมุนไพร

sa-mun-phrai — herb, medicinal plant used in remedies

ปรุง

prung — to prepare, cook, compound a recipe

ยา

ya — medicine, drug, remedy for illness