The Scarlet Letter — Page 242

Vocabulary

หรือว่า

rʉ̄ wâa — Or perhaps; used to introduce an alternative possibility.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

จะ

jà — Will; future tense marker in Thai.

เพียงพอ

phiang phɔ̄ — Sufficient; enough to meet a requirement.

สำหรับ

sǎm ràp — For; intended for a specific person or purpose.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, or they; third-person pronoun.

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — Already; indicates a completed action or event.

ที่

thîi — At, which, or that; multipurpose particle or relative pronoun.

พืชพันธุ์

phʉ̂ʉt phan — Plant species; varieties of vegetation or flora.

อัน

an — A classifier for small objects; one item.

ดีงาม

dii ngaam — Good and beautiful; virtuous and fine in quality.

ทุก

thúk — Every; all without exception.

ชนิด

chá nìt — Type or kind; a category or variety of something.

ถูก

thùuk — To be correct; also passive marker or cheap.

แปรเปลี่ยน

prɛɛ plìian — To transform or change into something different.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker meaning to make or let.

กลาย

klaai — To become; to turn into something else.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating state or identity.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; an object or abstract entity.

พิษ

phít — Poison; a toxic or harmful substance.

และ

lɛ́ — And; a conjunction joining words or clauses.

ร้ายกาจ

ráai kâat — Wicked and fierce; extremely evil or malevolent.

เมื่อ

mʉ̂a — When; at the time that something occurred.

สัมผัส

sǎm phàt — To touch or sense; physical contact with something.

มือ

mʉʉ — Hand; the body part used for grasping.

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Of; possessive particle indicating belonging.

ดวงอาทิตย์

duang aa thít — The sun; the star at the center of our solar system.

ส่อง

sɔ̀ng — To shine or illuminate; to beam light onto something.

แสง

sɛ̌ɛng — Light; radiance emitted from a source.

สว่างจ้า

sà wàang jâa — Brilliantly bright; intensely luminous and dazzling.

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — Of or at; a place classifier or possessive preposition.

ได้

dâai — Can; able to; also marks past or resultative action.

ลง

long — To descend or go down; downward directional verb.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward speaker.

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; also used to mean even or also.

ตัว

tuua — Body; self; classifier for animals and certain objects.

จริงๆ

jing jing — Really; truly; used for strong emphasis or sincerity.

หรือ

rʉ̄ʉ — Or; a conjunction presenting an alternative choice.

มี

mii — To have or there is; indicates existence or possession.

วงกลม

wong klon — Circle; a round geometric shape with no corners.

เงามืด

ngao mʉ̂ʉt — Dark shadow; a gloomy or ominous shade.

น่าสะพรึงกลัว

nâa sà phrʉng kluua — Terrifying; causing great dread or fear.

เคลื่อน

khlʉ̂an — To move; to shift position from one place to another.

ตาม

taam — To follow; along or according to something.

ร่าง

râang — Body or figure; the physical form of a person.

พิกล

phí kon — Strange or odd; abnormal and peculiar in appearance.

พิการ

phí kaan — Disabled or deformed; physically impaired or malformed.

ไม่ว่า

mâi wâa — No matter; regardless of which condition applies.

หัน

hǎn — To turn; to rotate the head or body in a direction.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away.

ทาง

thaang — Way or path; a direction or route to travel.

ใด

dai — Which; any; used in questions or indefinite reference.

ดัง

dang — Like or as; loud; resembling something mentioned.

ดู

duu — To look at or watch; to observe something visually.

เหมือน

mʉ̌an — Like or similar to; resembling another thing closely.

เช่นนั้น

chên nán — Like that; in that manner or such a way.

บัดนี้

bàt níi — Now; at this moment; currently happening.

กำลัง

kam lang — Currently doing; progressive aspect marker in Thai.

มุ่งหน้า

mûng nâa — To head toward; to direct oneself at a destination.

ไม่

mâi — No or not; negation particle in Thai.

จม

jom — To sink; to submerge downward into a surface.

ดิ่ง

dìng — To plunge straight down; to drop sharply and directly.

สู่

sùu — Toward; in the direction of a destination or goal.

พื้นดิน

phʉ́ʉn din — Ground; the surface of the earth beneath one's feet.

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner; a way of doing something; kind of.

กะทันหัน

kà than hǎn — Suddenly; abruptly without warning or anticipation.

ทิ้ง

thíng — To abandon or throw away; to leave something behind.

ไว้

wái — To keep or leave in place; a resultative particle.

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just a small amount or degree.

พื้นที่

phʉ́ʉn thîi — Area or space; a defined region or territory.

รกร้าง

rók râang — Overgrown and abandoned; neglected wasteland.

แห้งแล้ง

hɛ̂ɛng lɛ́ɛng — Dry and barren; lacking moisture or vegetation.

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — Which; a relative pronoun connecting clauses.

เวลา

weelaa — Time; a period or moment when something occurs.

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through or by; to go past something.

ต้น

tôn — Plant or tree; also beginning or origin of something.

พืช

phʉ̂ʉt — Plant; a living organism that grows from soil.

ชั่วร้าย

chûa ráai — Evil or wicked; morally bad and harmful.

ก็ตาม

kɔ̂ taam — Regardless; whatever the case may be.

ดินแดน

din dɛɛn — Land or territory; a geographic region or area.

แห่งนี้

hɛ̀ng níi — This place; referring to the current location.

ผลิต

phà lìt — To produce or manufacture; to create output.

ออกมา

ɔ̀ɔk maa — To come out; to emerge from inside something.

งอกงาม

ngɔ̂ɔk ngaam — To flourish and grow; thriving abundantly.

น่าสยดสยอง

nâa sà yòt sà yɔng — Horrifying; causing extreme horror and revulsion.

กาง

kaang — To spread open or extend outward; to unfurl.

ปีก

pìik — Wing; the limb used by birds or bats to fly.

ค้างคาว

kháang khaao — Bat; a nocturnal flying mammal using echolocation.

บิน

bin — To fly; to move through the air using wings.

หนี

nǐi — To flee or escape; to run away from something.

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more; increasingly; used for comparisons or emphasis.

ลอย

lɔɔi — To float or drift; suspended in air or water.

สูง

sǔung — High or tall; elevated in position or stature.

ขึ้น

khʉ̂n — To rise or go up; upward directional verb.

สวรรค์

sà wan — Heaven; a divine realm of bliss and peace.

เท่าใด

thâo dai — How much or how many; asking the degree or extent.

ก็

kɔ̂ — Then or also; a connective particle in Thai.

น่าเกลียด

nâa klìat — Ugly; unpleasant in appearance; repulsive looking.

น่ากลัว

nâa kluua — Scary or frightening; causing fear or unease.

มาก

mâak — Very or much; a high degree or large quantity.

เท่านั้น

thâo nán — Only that much; just that and nothing more.

ภาพประกอบ

phâap prà kɔ̀ɔp — Illustration; an image accompanying a text or story.

เก็บ

kèp — To collect or gather; to pick up and store something.

สมุนไพร

sà mun phrai — Herb; a medicinal or culinary plant used naturally.

ที่นั่น

thîi nân — There; at that place previously mentioned.

ที่นี่

thîi nîi — Here; at this present location.

บาป

bàap — Sin; a morally wrong act against ethics or religion.

กล่าว

klàao — To say or speak; to utter words formally or narratively.

ขมขื่น

khǒm khʉ̀ʉn — Bitter; feeling deep resentment, sadness, or anguish.

ขณะ

khà nà — While or at the moment; during a specific time.

เธอ

thəə — She or you (informal female); second or third person pronoun.

คง

khong — Probably or likely; expressing mild certainty or assumption.

จ้องมอง

jɔ̂ɔng mɔɔng — To stare or gaze intently at someone or something.

ฉัน

chǎn — I or me; first-person pronoun used informally by females.

เกลียด

klìat — To hate or detest; feeling strong aversion toward something.

ชาย

chaai — Man or male; referring to the masculine gender.

คน

khon — Person; a human being; classifier for people.

นั้น

nán — That; referring to something previously mentioned or distant.

ตำหนิ

tam nì — To blame or criticize; to find fault with someone.

ตัวเอง

tuua eeng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject.

ความรู้สึก

khwaam rúu sʉ̀k — Feeling or emotion; an inner emotional or sensory experience.

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — But; a conjunction indicating contrast or exception.

ไม่สามารถ

mâi sǎa mâat — Unable to; lacking the ability or capacity to do.

เอาชนะ

ao chá ná — To overcome or defeat; to win against an opponent.

ลด

lót — To reduce or decrease; to lower in amount or intensity.

พยายาม

phá yaa yaam — To try or attempt; to make an effort toward something.

ทำ

tham — To do or make; to perform an action or task.

นึกถึง

nʉ́k thʉ̌ng — To think of or recall; to bring to mind something.

วันเวลา

wan wee laa — Days and time; the passage of time in general.

ล่วงเลย

lûang ləəi — To pass by or elapse; time gone without returning.

นาน

naan — Long; for a lengthy period of time.

ใน

nai — In or inside; a preposition indicating location within.

ห่างไกล

hàang klai — Far away or distant; remote from the present location.

ครั้ง

khráng — Time or occurrence; a classifier for instances or events.

มัก

mák — Often or tend to; indicating a habitual action or tendency.

ยามเย็น

yaam yen — Evening time; the period around dusk or late afternoon.

จาก

jàak — From; indicating origin or separation from a place.

ห้องทำงาน

hɔ̂ɔng tham ngaan — Office or study room; a room used for work.

สงบ

sà ngòp — Calm and peaceful; quiet and free from disturbance.

สันโดษ

sǎn dòot — Solitary and contented; preferring quiet self-sufficiency.

นั่ง

nâng — To sit; to rest in a seated position.

เปลวไฟ

pleeo fai — Flame; the visible burning light of a fire.

บ้าน

bâan — Home or house; a place where one lives.

พวกเขา

phûak khǎo — They or them; third-person plural pronoun.

รอยยิ้ม

rɔɔi yím — Smile; the expression of happiness on one's face.

อบอุ่น

òp ùn — Warm and cozy; comfortably warm in feeling or temperature.

ฐานะ

thǎa ná — Status or position; one's social or financial standing.

เจ้าสาว

jâo sǎao — Bride; a woman on her wedding day.

บอกว่า

bɔ̀ɔk wâa — To say that; to tell or inform someone of something.

ต้องการ

tɔ̂ɔng kaan — To want or need; to desire or require something.

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — In order to; for the purpose of achieving something.

ความหนาวเหน็บ

khwaam nǎao nèp — Bitter cold; an intensely chilly and piercing coldness.

ชั่วโมง

chûa moong — Hour; a unit of time equal to sixty minutes.

เดียวดาย

diao daai — Lonely or solitary; feeling isolated and alone.

ท่ามกลาง

thâam klaang — Amid or among; surrounded by or in the middle of.

หนังสือ

nǎng sʉ̌ʉ — Book; a written or printed literary work.

หาย

hǎai — To disappear or recover; to vanish or get better.

หัวใจ

hǔua jai — Heart; the organ or emotional center of a person.

นักวิชาการ

nák wí chaa kaan — Scholar or academic; a person devoted to scholarly study.