The Scarlet Letter — Page 268

Vocabulary

บาทหลวง

bàat lùang — Catholic priest or Christian clergy member.

มอง

maawng — To look at or gaze at something.

ดู

duu — To watch, look at, or observe something.

เธอ

thooe — She, her, or informal second-person pronoun.

ชั่ว

chûa — Evil, wicked, or morally bad.

ขณะ

khànà — A moment or instant in time.

หนึ่ง

nùeng — The number one; a single unit.

ด้วย

dûay — Also, with, or by means of something.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix expressing state or quality.

รุนแรง

run raaeng — Intense, violent, or severe in nature.

แห่ง

hàeng — Of, belonging to; classifier for places.

อารมณ์

aarom — Emotion, mood, or feeling.

ทั้ง

tháng — All, both, or the entirety of something.

มวล

muan — Mass, totality, or the whole of something.

นั้น

nán — That, those; a demonstrative word referring back.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; a relative pronoun connector.

ปะปน

pà pon — To mix together or be intermingled with.

อยู่

yùu — To be, stay, or exist somewhere.

ใน

nai — In, inside, or within something.

รูป

rûup — Form, shape, image, or picture.

แบบ

bàaep — Style, type, pattern, or form.

ต่างๆ

tàang tàang — Various, diverse, or different kinds of things.

มาก

mâak — Many, much, or a lot of something.

กว่า

kwàa — More than, rather than; comparative marker.

กับ

kàp — With, and, together with someone or something.

คุณสมบัติ

khun sombàt — Quality, qualification, or characteristic of something.

อัน

an — General classifier; a relative pronoun particle.

สูงส่ง

suung song — Lofty, noble, or elevated in character.

บริสุทธิ์

borisùt — Pure, innocent, or untainted in nature.

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses.

อ่อนโยน

àawn yoon — Gentle, tender, or soft in manner.

ของ

khǎawng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, him, her; third-person pronoun.

แท้จริง

tháe jing — True, genuine, or in reality authentic.

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then, or after completing an action.

คือ

khuue — Is, means, or namely; equating two things.

ส่วน

sùan — Part, portion, or section of something.

ที่

thîi — That, which; place or relative pronoun marker.

มาร

maan — Demon, devil, or evil supernatural being.

ร้าย

ráai — Evil, bad, harmful, or dangerous.

อ้าง

âang — To claim, assert, or cite as justification.

สิทธิ์

sìt — Right, entitlement, or legal claim to something.

ตัว

tua — Body, self, or classifier for animals.

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through, go past, or via.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, or matter of any kind.

มัน

man — It; informal third-person or general pronoun.

พยายาม

phayaayaam — To try, attempt, or make an effort.

ชิง

ching — To snatch, seize, or compete for something.

เอา

ao — To take, get, or want something.

เหลือ

lǔuea — Remaining, leftover, or to be left behind.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away.

ไม่

mâi — Not; general negation particle in Thai.

เคย

khoei — Ever, used to; past experience marker.

มี

mii — To have, there is, or to exist.

สีหน้า

sǐi nâa — Facial expression or the look on face.

ขมึง

khamùeng — Stern, severe, or scowling facial expression.

มืด

mûuet — Dark, lacking light, or pitch black.

ดำ

dam — Black color; dark-colored.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; a disjunctive conjunction in Thai.

ดุร้าย

du ráai — Fierce, ferocious, or aggressively menacing.

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more, increasingly, or to greater degree.

ต้อง

tâawng — Must, have to, or be required to.

เผชิญ

phachoen — To face, confront, or encounter something directly.

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun indicating nearby thing.

ตลอด

talàawt — Throughout, all along, or the entire duration.

ช่วง

chûang — Period, span, or interval of time.

เวลา

weelaa — Time, period, or duration of an event.

สั้นๆ

sân sân — Brief, short, or concise in duration.

ดำรง

damrong — To maintain, sustain, or uphold a state.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes.

แปร

praae — To transform, change, or convert in state.

สภาพ

saphâap — Condition, state, or situation of something.

หม่น

mòn — Gloomy, dull, or dreary in appearance.

แต่

tàae — But, however, or only; contrastive conjunction.

อุปนิสัย

upanísai — Character, disposition, or natural temperament of person.

ถูก

thùuk — To be subjected to; cheap; correct.

ทำ

tham — To do, make, or perform an action.

ให้

hâi — To give, allow, or causative marker.

อ่อนแอ

àawn ae — Weak, feeble, or lacking strength or vigor.

ลง

long — To go down, decrease, or downward directional.

จาก

jàak — From, away from, or departing a place.

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thúk thoramaan — To suffer, endure pain or great torment.

จน

jon — Until, to the point of; also means poor.

กระทั่ง

kratháng — Until, even, or up to a point.

แม้

máae — Even though, although, or even if.

พลังงาน

phalang ngaan — Energy, power, or physical strength force.

ระดับ

radàp — Level, degree, or grade of something.

ต่ำ

tàm — Low, inferior, or at a low level.

ก็

kâw — Also, then, even so; discourse particle.

สามารถ

sǎamâat — To be able to, capable of doing something.

ต่อสู้

tàaw sûu — To fight, struggle, or resist against something.

ได้

dâi — Can, able to, or to obtain something.

คราว

khraao — Time, occasion, or an instance of something.

ล้ม

lóm — To fall down, collapse, or topple over.

ทรุด

thrút — To sink, deteriorate, or slump downward.

พื้น

phúuen — Floor, ground, or surface beneath one's feet.

ฝัง

fǎng — To bury, embed, or plant something below.

หน้า

nâa — Face, front, or next; page of a book.

ไว้

wái — To keep, place, or hold in position.

อุ้ง

ûung — Hollow, cupped palm of a hand.

มือ

muue — Hand, the part of body below wrist.

ข้า

khâa — I, me; archaic or formal first-person pronoun.

อาจ

àat — Might, may, or possibly; expressing possibility.

รู้

rúu — To know, understand, or be aware of.

พึมพำ

phuem pham — To mumble, murmur softly, or mutter quietly.

ลับ

láp — Secret, hidden, or confidential information.

มิ

mí — Not; literary or formal negation particle.

บอก

bàawk — To tell, inform, or say to someone.

แก่

kàae — To, for; also means old or aged.

หรอก

ràawk — Particle softening negation or denial in speech.

สะดุ้ง

sadûng — To be startled or flinch with sudden surprise.

หวาด

wàat — To be frightened, scared, or alarmed by.

ตาม

taam — To follow, according to, or along with.

ธรรมชาติ

thammachâat — Nature, the natural world, or natural order.

หัวใจ

hǔa jai — Heart; center of emotion or feeling.

ตั้งแต่

tâng tàae — Since, from the time of something beginning.

แรก

râaek — First, initial, or earliest occurrence of something.

เห็น

hěn — To see, notice, or perceive visually.

ทุก

thúk — Every, each, or all without exception.

ครั้ง

khráng — Time, occasion, or instance; classifier for occurrences.

พบ

phóp — To meet, encounter, or find someone or something.

หลัง

lǎng — After, behind, or the back of something.

เหตุ

hèet — Reason, cause, or motive behind something.

ใด

dai — Which, any, what; an interrogative pronoun.

จึง

jueng — Therefore, so, thus; consequential conjunction.

เข้าใจ

khâo jai — To understand, comprehend, or grasp meaning.

โอ้

ôo — Oh! An exclamation expressing emotion or surprise.

แทบ

thâaep — Almost, nearly, or barely; intensifying adverb.

เลย

looei — At all, ever, so, already; intensifier particle.

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach, arrive at, or until something.

สยอง

sayǎawng — Terrifying, horrifying, causing extreme fear or dread.

ทั้งหมด

tháng mòt — All, entirely, the whole of everything.

เรื่อง

rûueang — Story, matter, topic, or subject about something.

อับอาย

àp aai — Ashamed, embarrassed, or humiliated by something.

สุภาพ

suphâap — Polite, gentle, or well-mannered in behavior.

น่า

nâa — Worthy of, deserving to inspire a feeling.

สะพรึงกลัว

saphrüeng klua — Terrifying, spine-chilling, causing great fearful dread.

เปิดเผย

pòoet phoei — To reveal, disclose, or make something known.

เจ็บป่วย

jèp pùay — To be sick, ill, or suffer from illness.

ผิด

phìt — Wrong, mistaken, guilty, or morally at fault.

ประจักษ์

prajàk — Evident, obvious, clearly apparent, or manifest.

สายตา

sǎai taa — Eyesight, vision, or one's gaze and eyes.

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker.

พิศวาส

phítsawàat — To love deeply, feel devoted affection toward someone.

หญิง

yǐng — Woman, female, or girl.

เอ๋ย

ooei — O, oh; vocative particle addressing someone directly.

รับผิดชอบ

ráp phìt châawp — To be responsible or accountable for something.

ต่อ

tàaw — Toward, against, per; connecting or continuing something.

อภัย

aphai — To forgive or pardon someone's wrongdoing.

ร้อง

ráawng — To cry out, shout, sing, or call.

ขึ้น

khûen — To go up, increase; upward directional particle.

พลาง

phlaang — While doing something simultaneously; at the same time.

โยน

yoon — To throw, toss, or fling something.

ตัวเอง

tua eeng — Oneself, themselves; reflexive pronoun in Thai.

บน

bon — On top of, above, or upper surface.

ใบไม้

bai máai — Leaf or leaves of a plant or tree.

ร่วง

rûang — To fall, drop, or come down from above.

ข้างๆ

khâang khâang — Beside, next to, or alongside something.

ปล่อย

plàwy — To release, let go, or set free.

พระเจ้า

phrá jâo — God, Lord, or a deity; divine being.

ลงโทษ

long thôot — To punish, penalize, or impose a penalty.

เถิด

thòoet — Please do so; imperative softening particle.