The Scarlet Letter — Page 273

Vocabulary

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context

แผ่นดิน

phaen din — Land, territory, ground of a country

บ้านเกิด

ban koet — Hometown, birthplace where one was born

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to someone or something

เรา

rao — We, us, first person plural pronoun

ไม่ว่า

mai wa — Regardless of, no matter what the case

จะ

cha — Will, shall; future tense marker in Thai

เป็น

pen — To be, to exist as something

หมู่บ้าน

mu ban — Village, small rural community settlement

ชนบท

chon bot — Countryside, rural area outside the city

ห่างไกล

hang klai — Far away, distant, remote from civilization

แห่ง

haeng — Classifier for places; of, at a location

ใด

dai — Any, which; used in questions or generalities

หนึ่ง

nueng — One, the number one; a single thing

หรือ

rue — Or; used to connect alternatives together

อัน

an — General classifier for objects; a thing

กว้างใหญ่

kwang yai — Vast, spacious, wide and large in size

อย่าง

yang — Like, in the manner of; a type or kind

แน่นอน

naenon — Certain, definite, of course, surely

น่า

na — Worth, deserving of; makes adjectives from verbs

รื่นรมย์

ruen rom — Pleasant, delightful, enjoyable and charming

เจ้า

chao — You (familiar); lord, owner, master

ก็

ko — Also, then, well; discourse particle connecting clauses

พ้น

phon — Beyond, past, free from, out of reach

จาก

chak — From, away from, departing a place

อำนาจ

amnat — Power, authority, control over others

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ความรู้

khwam ru — Knowledge, understanding, learned information

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third person pronoun

ได้

dai — Can, able to; past tense auxiliary verb

มี

mi — To have, to possess, there is/are

ส่วน

suan — Part, portion, section of a whole

เกี่ยวข้อง

kiao khong — Involved with, related to, connected with

กับ

kap — With, together with; connecting two elements

บรรดา

ban da — All the, those (group); collective determiner

ชาย

chai — Man, male person; shore, bank of water

เหล็กใจ

lek jai — Iron-willed, resolute, having strong determination

เหล่า

lao — Those, these (group); plural marker for people

นี้

ni — This, these; demonstrative pronoun nearby

ความคิดเห็น

khwam khit hen — Opinion, viewpoint, personal perspective on something

พวก

phuak — Group, bunch, gang, people of same kind

จองจำ

chong cham — To imprison, to confine, to put in chains

ที่

thi — At, which, that; relative pronoun and preposition

ดีงาม

di ngam — Good and beautiful, virtuous, morally admirable

ไว้

wai — To keep, to set aside, to retain something

นาน

nan — Long time, for a long duration

เกิน

koen — Exceeding, too much, over a limit

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle away from speaker

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then, after that; completion marker

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for objects or animals

ไม่ได้

mai dai — Cannot, did not, not able to do

บาทหลวง

bat luang — Catholic priest, Christian clergyman, father

ตอบ

top — To answer, to reply, to respond to someone

ฟัง

fang — To listen, to hear attentively to sound

ดู

du — To look, to watch, to observe something

ราวกับ

rao kap — As if, as though, seemingly like something

ว่า

wa — That; to say; introduces reported speech clause

ถูก

thuk — To be (passive marker); correct; cheap in price

เรียก

riak — To call, to summon, to name something

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative verb marker

ทำให้

tham hai — To cause, to make something happen

ความฝัน

khwam fan — Dream, aspiration, vision while sleeping or wishing

จริง

ching — True, real, genuine, actual fact

ข้า

kha — I, me (archaic/formal first person pronoun)

ไม่มี

mai mi — To not have, there is none, lacking something

พลัง

phalang — Power, energy, force, strength to act

พอ

pho — Enough, sufficient, just right in amount

แม้

mae — Even though, although, even if circumstance

คน

khon — Person, human being; classifier for people

น่าสังเวช

na sang wet — Pitiful, pathetic, evoking pity or compassion

เต็ม

tem — Full, filled completely, at maximum capacity

ด้วย

duay — With, by means of, also, too

บาป

bap — Sin, wrongdoing, moral transgression, evil act

ไม่เคย

mai khoei — Never, have never done something before

คิด

khit — To think, to consider, to have thoughts

อื่น

uen — Other, another, different from current one

นอกจาก

nok chak — Except for, besides, other than something

การ

kan — Act of, process of; nominalizer for actions

ลาก

lak — To drag, to pull, to haul something along

ชีวิต

chiwit — Life, existence, living being's span of time

บน

bon — On, above, on top of a surface

โลก

lok — World, earth, globe, the entire planet

ต่อ

to — Per, toward, to continue, to connect

ขอบเขต

khop khet — Boundary, limit, scope of something

พระผู้เป็นเจ้า

phra phu pen chao — God, the Lord, divine supreme being

ทรง

song — Royal verb prefix; to maintain, to hold

วาง

wang — To place, to put down, to set something

วิญญาณ

winyan — Soul, spirit, essence of a living being

เอง

eng — Self, oneself; by oneself, on one's own

สูญหาย

sun hai — Lost, missing, disappeared, gone astray

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, continuing; also, as well

ทำ

tham — To do, to make, to perform an action

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter, an abstract or concrete item

เพื่อ

phuea — For, in order to, for the sake of

มนุษย์

manut — Human being, mankind, person, humankind

ไม่กล้า

mai kla — Dare not, too timid, lacking courage to act

ละทิ้ง

la thing — To abandon, to desert, to leave behind

หน้าที่

na thi — Duty, responsibility, obligation one must fulfill

ยาม

yam — Guard, watchman; time period, moment, while

ไม่

mai — Not, no; negation particle in Thai

ซื่อสัตย์

sue sat — Honest, faithful, loyal, trustworthy in character

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

รางวัล

rang wan — Reward, prize, award for achievement

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is to say, namely

ความตาย

khwam tai — Death, the end of life, dying

ความ

khwam — Abstract noun prefix indicating a state or quality

อัปยศ

ap pa yot — Disgrace, shame, humiliation, dishonor

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time that something occurred

เฝ้ายาม

fao yam — To keep watch, to stand guard, to monitor

หดหู่

hot hu — Depressed, dejected, gloomy, feeling downcast

สิ้นสุด

sin sut — To end, to conclude, to come to finish

ลง

long — Down, to descend; directional particle downward

กดทับ

kot thap — To press down, to suppress, to oppress

อยู่

yu — To be at, to stay, to reside somewhere

ภายใต้

phai tai — Under, beneath, below, subject to authority

ทุกข์ยาก

thuk yak — Suffering hardship, misery, difficulty in life

เจ็ด

chet — Seven, the number 7

ปี

pi — Year, a twelve-month period of time

มุ่งมั่น

mung man — Determined, resolute, committed to a goal

แรงกล้า

raeng kla — Strong and courageous, powerfully brave

พยุง

phayung — To support, to prop up, to sustain someone

เธอ

thoe — She, her; second person pronoun (informal female)

แต่

tae — But, however, yet; contrasting conjunction

ทิ้ง

thing — To throw away, to abandon, to drop something

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All, entirely, the whole amount of something

เบื้องหลัง

bueang lang — Behind, in the background, behind the scenes

ภาระ

phara — Burden, load, responsibility weighing on someone

ขัดขวาง

khat khwang — To obstruct, to hinder, to block progress

ก้าวเดิน

kao doen — To stride, to walk forward, to take steps

ขณะ

kha na — While, during the moment or time that

เดิน

doen — To walk, to move on foot somewhere

ตาม

tam — Along, following, according to, in accordance with

ทาง

thang — Path, way, road, route, direction

ป่า

pa — Forest, jungle, woods, wild wooded area

บรรทุก

ban thuk — To load, to carry cargo, to bear a load

เรือ

ruea — Boat, ship, vessel used on water

หาก

hak — If, in case, should a condition occur

ประสงค์

pra song — To wish, to desire, to intend something

ข้าม

kham — To cross, to go over, to traverse something

ทะเล

tha le — Sea, ocean, large body of salt water

ซากปรัก

sak prak — Ruins, rubble, remains of destroyed structure

หักพัง

hak phang — Collapsed, broken down, in ruins, destroyed

นี่

ni — Here, this (close to speaker), right here

ตรง

trong — Straight, directly, right at a spot

เกิด

koet — To be born, to occur, to happen suddenly

ขึ้น

khuen — Up, to rise; directional particle upward

อย่า

ya — Don't; imperative negation marker in Thai

ยุ่งเกี่ยว

yung kiao — To get involved, to interfere, to meddle

อีก

ik — Again, more, another, additionally, furthermore

เริ่มต้น

roem ton — To begin, to start, to commence something

ใหม่

mai — New, fresh, again, anew, newly done

ใช้หมด

chai mot — Used up, exhausted, all spent or consumed

เป็นไปได้

pen pai dai — Possible, feasible, able to happen or occur

ทั้ง

thang — Both, all, entire, whole set together

ปวง

puang — All, every, the entirety of a group

ความล้มเหลว

khwam lom leo — Failure, lack of success, unsuccessful outcome

ทดลอง

thot long — To test, to experiment, to try something out

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, instance, occasion, one occurrence

เดียว

diao — Only, single, alone, just one

หา

ha — To search for, to look for, to seek

เช่นนั้น

chen nan — Like that, in that way, such as that

อนาคต

ana khot — Future, time yet to come ahead

คง

khong — Probably, likely, still, remain, presumably

ความสำเร็จ

khwam sam ret — Success, achievement, accomplishment of a goal