The Scarlet Letter — Page 281

Vocabulary

นั่น

nân — That (demonstrative pronoun, referring to something nearby).

คือ

khue — Is, are; used to equate or define two things.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix indicating an abstract concept or state.

เห็น

hěn — To see or perceive something visually.

อก

òk — Chest; the front of the human torso.

ใจ

jai — Heart; mind; the emotional or inner self.

ของ

khǎwng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle.

ธรรมชาติ

tham-ma-châat — Nature; the natural world and its phenomena.

ที่

thîi — At, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker.

โหดร้าย

hòot-ráai — Cruel, brutal, savage in manner or action.

และ

láe — And; conjunction linking words or clauses together.

ป่า

pàa — Forest, jungle; wild uncultivated woodland area.

เถื่อน

thùean — Wild, uncivilized, savage; outside legal or social norms.

นั้น

nán — That (demonstrative, referring to something previously mentioned).

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses.

ไม่

mâi — Not; general negation particle in Thai.

เคย

khoei — Ever; to have previously done something before.

ถูก

thùuk — To be subjected to; passive voice marker; correct.

ปราบปราม

pràap-praam — To suppress, subdue, or crack down on something.

ด้วย

dûay — With, also, by means of; instrumental particle.

กฎหมาย

kòt-mǎai — Law; the legal system governing society.

มนุษย์

ma-nút — Human being; a person of the human species.

ได้รับ

dâi-ráp — To receive or obtain something from someone.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes.

ส่องสว่าง

sòng-sawàang — To illuminate, shine light upon something.

ความจริง

khwaam-jing — Truth; the true or real state of something.

อัน

an — Classifier or relative pronoun; nominalizing particle.

สูงส่ง

sǔung-sòng — Lofty, noble, elevated in status or quality.

ต่อ

tòo — Toward, against, per; connecting or directional preposition.

ความสุข

khwaam-sùk — Happiness; a state of joy and contentment.

จิตวิญญาณ

jìt-win-yaan — Spirit, soul; the spiritual essence of a person.

ทั้งสอง

tháng-sǎawng — Both; referring to two things together.

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun for something nearby.

ความรัก

khwaam-rák — Love; the feeling of deep affection for someone.

ไม่ว่า

mâi-wâa — No matter, regardless of; used for unconditional statements.

จะ

jà — Will, shall; future tense or intentional marker.

เพิ่ง

phôeng — Just, just now; indicates something very recently occurred.

ถือกำเนิด

thǔue-gam-nòet — To be born; to come into existence for the first time.

ขึ้น

khûen — Up, upward; directional particle indicating increase or emergence.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option.

ตื่น

tùen — To wake up; to awaken from sleep.

จาก

jàak — From; indicating origin or departure point.

หลับใหล

làp-lai — To be fast asleep; to slumber deeply.

ดุจ

dùt — Like, as if; literary word for comparison or resemblance.

ความตาย

khwaam-taai — Death; the state of ceasing to be alive.

ย่อม

yôm — Certainly, naturally, inevitably; used in formal statements.

ต้อง

tôong — Must, have to; expressing obligation or necessity.

สร้าง

sâang — To create, build, or construct something.

แสงแดด

sǎaeng-dàat — Sunlight; the light emitted by the sun.

เสมอ

sa-mǒe — Always, ever, consistently; indicating regularity or constancy.

เติมเต็ม

toem-tem — To fill up completely; to fulfill or make whole.

หัวใจ

hǔa-jai — Heart; the emotional center of a person.

จน

jon — Until; to the point that something occurs.

เปี่ยมล้น

pîam-lón — Overflowing, brimming; filled to the maximum capacity.

รัศมี

rát-sa-mii — Radiance, rays of light; glow emanating from a source.

หลั่งไหล

làng-lǎi — To flow, stream, or pour out continuously.

ออก

òok — Out, outward; directional particle indicating exit or emission.

สู่

sùu — To, toward; directional preposition indicating destination.

โลก

lôok — World; the earth or a realm of existence.

ภายนอก

phaai-nôok — Outside, exterior; the outer side of something.

แม้

máe — Even though, although; concessive conjunction.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicating continuation of a state.

คง

khong — Probably, still; indicating likelihood or continuity.

มืดหม่น

mûet-mòn — Dark and gloomy; dim and depressing in atmosphere.

อยู่

yùu — To be, to stay; continuative aspect marker or verb.

แต่

tàe — But; conjunction introducing contrast or exception.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for objects or informal reference.

ก็

gôo — Also, then; connective particle showing result or addition.

สว่าง

sawàang — Bright, well-lit; having or giving off light.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition indicating location.

สายตา

sǎai-taa — Eyes, gaze, vision; one's line of sight.

เช่นกัน

chên-gan — Likewise, too, also; indicating similarity with a prior statement.

มองดู

moong-duu — To look at, to gaze upon something or someone.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, him, her; third-person pronoun.

ตื่นเต้น

tùen-tên — Excited, thrilled; feeling a surge of strong emotion.

ปีติ

pii-tì — Joy, delight, elation; a feeling of great happiness.

อีก

ìik — More, another, again; indicating addition or repetition.

อย่าง

yàang — Kind, type, manner; classifier or adverbial modifier.

หนึ่ง

nùeng — One; the number one or an indefinite article.

เธอ

thoe — She, her, you; second or third-person feminine pronoun.

มาแล้ว

maa-láaeo — Has come, already arrived; indicates completed arrival.

ใช่

châi — Yes, correct; affirmative response confirming a statement.

ฉัน

chǎn — I, me; first-person pronoun used by females or casually.

รู้

rúu — To know, to be aware of something.

ได้

dâi — Can, able to; past tense or ability marker.

ต่าง

tàang — Different, various; each one separately or distinctly.

ออกไป

òok-pai — To go out, to exit; moving outward away from here.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or condition.

เด็ก

dèk — Child, kid; a young person or minor.

แปลก

plàek — Strange, odd, unusual; differing from what is normal.

ประหลาด

pra-làat — Weird, bizarre; surprisingly unusual or hard to understand.

แทบ

tháep — Almost, barely, hardly; near the limit of something.

เข้าใจ

khâo-jai — To understand; to comprehend the meaning of something.

เลย

loei — At all, so, therefore; emphatic or resultative particle.

ไกล

klai — Far, distant; a great distance away from something.

เรียก

rîak — To call, name, or summon someone or something.

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then; indicates completion or sequence of events.

คิด

khít — To think, to consider or reflect on something.

ว่า

wâa — That; complementizer introducing a reported clause or thought.

คน

khon — Person, people; human being or classifier for people.

รัก

rák — To love; to have deep affection for someone.

ไหม

mǎi — Question particle used at the end of yes/no questions.