The Scarlet Letter — Page 312

Vocabulary

อาจ

àat — might, may; expressing possibility or uncertainty

เป็น

pen — to be; used as a linking or auxiliary verb

ได้ว่า

dâi wâa — can say that; used to introduce a conclusion

ใน

nai — in, inside, within a place or context

วัน

wan — day; a unit of time equal to 24 hours

นี้

níi — this; demonstrative pronoun indicating proximity

เดียว

diao — single, alone, only one of something

มี

mii — to have, to exist, there is or are

สีหน้า

sǐi nâa — facial expression; the look on someone's face

แวว

wɛɛo — glimmer, sparkle; hint or sign in someone's eyes

ตา

taa — eye; the organ used for seeing

ที่

thîi — at, which, that; place or relative pronoun marker

ไม่

mâi — not; negation word used before verbs

เคย

khoei — ever, used to; expressing past experience or habit

ใคร

khrai — who, anyone, someone; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

เห็น

hěn — to see, to notice, to perceive visually

มา

maa — to come; also marks action directed toward speaker

ก่อน

kɔ̀ɔn — before, first; indicating prior time or order

และ

lɛ́ — and; conjunction connecting words or phrases

แท้จริง

thɛ́ jing — truly, in reality; expressing genuine truth

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — already, then; marks completed action or sequence

ก็

kɔ̂ɔ — also, then, well; discourse or connective particle

เด่นชัด

dèn châd — distinct, prominent, clearly noticeable or obvious

พอ

phɔɔ — enough, just as, as soon as; sufficiency marker

จะ

jà — will, going to; future tense marker in Thai

สังเกต

sǎng-gèet — to observe, notice, pay attention to something

ได้

dâi — can, able to; also marks past or resultative actions

ตอน

tɔɔn — time period, episode, part; a section of time

เว้นแต่

wén tɛ̀ɛ — except, unless; marks an exception to a statement

ผู้

phûu — person who; nominalizing prefix for a role or agent

สังเกตการณ์

sǎng-gèet-gaan — observation, act of watching or monitoring something closely

พรสวรรค์

phɔɔn-sà-wǎn — talent, gift; innate ability bestowed from heaven

เหนือ

nʉ̌a — above, north, beyond; higher position or direction

ธรรมดา

tham-má-daa — ordinary, normal, common; not special or unusual

อ่าน

àan — to read; to interpret written or visual information

หัวใจ

hǔa-jai — heart; the organ or metaphor for emotions and feelings

เสีย

sǐa — to lose, spoil; also an aspect marker for regret

จึง

jʉng — therefore, so, thus; indicates result or consequence

ค้นหา

khón hǎa — to search for, seek out something or someone

สิ่ง

sìng — thing, object, matter; a general noun classifier

สอดคล้อง

sɔ̀ɔt-khlɔ́ɔng — to be consistent, harmonious, in accordance with

กัน

gan — each other, together; reciprocal or collective marker

กิริยา

gi-ri-yaa — action, manner, behavior; one's conduct or deportment

ท่าทาง

thâa-thaang — posture, manner, appearance; the way someone looks

มองเห็น

mɔɔng hěn — to be able to see, to perceive visually clearly

ทาง

thaang — way, path, direction; also used to mean regarding

จิตวิญญาณ

jìt-wi-nyaan — spirit, soul; the inner spiritual essence of a person

เช่น

chên — such as, for example; used to introduce examples

นั้น

nán — that, those; demonstrative pronoun indicating distance

คิด

khít — to think, to consider, to have a thought

ว่า

wâa — that; complementizer introducing a clause or quote

หลังจาก

lǎng jàak — after, following; indicates something comes subsequently

เธอ

thoe — she, her, you; second or third person pronoun

ทน

thon — to endure, tolerate, withstand pain or difficulty

รับ

ráp — to receive, accept, take something offered

สายตา

sǎai-taa — gaze, eyesight, line of vision from someone's eyes

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

ฝูงชน

fûung-chon — crowd, throng; a large group of people gathered

ตลอด

tà-lɔ̀ɔt — throughout, all along; continuously over a period

เจ็ด

jèt — seven; the cardinal number 7

ปี

pii — year; a unit of time equal to 12 months

อัน

an — a, one; general classifier or nominalizer particle

แสน

sɛ̌ɛn — one hundred thousand; also intensifier meaning extremely

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thúk-thɔ-rá-maan — to suffer, be tormented; experiencing great pain or anguish

ฐานะ

thǎa-ná — status, position, standing; one's social or financial rank

จำเป็น

jam-pen — necessary, essential; something that must be done

การ

gaan — the act of, process of; nominalizing prefix for actions

ลงโทษ

long-thôot — to punish, penalize; imposing a penalty for wrongdoing

ตนเอง

ton-eeng — oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject

ต้อง

tɔ̂ɔng — must, have to; expressing obligation or necessity

อดทน

òt-thon — to be patient, persevere; endure hardship without complaint

อย่าง

yàang — in a manner of, like, type; adverb or noun classifier

เคร่งครัด

khrêng-khrát — strict, rigorous, disciplined; following rules very carefully

ดั่ง

dâng — like, as, similar to; literary comparison particle

ศาสนา

sàat-sà-nǎa — religion; a system of faith and worship practices

บัดนี้

bàt-níi — now, at this moment; formal or literary word for now

เผชิญ

phà-choen — to face, confront; meet a challenge or difficulty directly

กับ

gàp — with, and, against; preposition linking nouns together

มัน

man — it; third person pronoun for objects or informal use

อีก

ìik — again, more, another; indicating repetition or addition

ครั้ง

khráng — time, instance, occasion; classifier for occurrences

สุดท้าย

sùt-tháai — last, final; the very end of a series or sequence

อิสระ

ìt-sà-rà — free, independent; having liberty or freedom from constraint

สมัครใจ

sà-màk-jai — voluntary, willing; done of one's own free choice

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — in order to, for the purpose of; expresses intention

เปลี่ยน

plìan — to change, transform, switch to something different

ความ

khwaam — abstract noun prefix; used before adjectives or verbs

นาน

naan — long time, long duration; extended period of time

ให้

hâi — to give; also causative or purpose marker in Thai

กลาย

glaai — to become, turn into; transformation to a new state

ชัยชนะ

chai-chá-ná — victory, triumph; winning over a challenge or opponent

คง

khong — probably, likely, still; expressing likelihood or continuation

ไม่ใช่

mâi châi — is not, not the case; strong negation or denial

ขัดแย้ง

khàt-yɛ́ɛng — to conflict, contradict, be in opposition to something

เหลือเชื่อ

lʉ̌a-chʉ̂a — unbelievable, incredible; beyond what one can believe

เกินไป

goen-pai — too much, excessively; beyond an acceptable degree

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — for, intended for; used to indicate a recipient or purpose

ธรรมชาติ

tham-má-châat — nature; the natural world or one's inherent character

มนุษย์

má-nút — human being, person; a member of the human species

หาก

hàak — if, in case; conditional conjunction for hypothetical situations

เรา

rao — we, us, I; first person pronoun singular or plural

สมมติ

sǒm-mút — to suppose, assume, pretend; treating something as true

รู้สึก

rúu-sʉ̀k — to feel, sense, perceive an emotion or sensation

เสียใจ

sǐa-jai — to feel sad, sorry, regretful about something

จิตใจ

jìt-jai — mind, heart, spirit; one's mental and emotional state

ขณะ

khà-ná — while, moment, during; a brief or specific point in time

กำลัง

gam-lang — currently, in the process of; progressive aspect marker

ได้รับ

dâi ráp — to receive, obtain, get something given or granted

อิสรภาพ

ìt-sà-rà-phâap — freedom, liberty; the state of being free and independent

จาก

jàak — from, away from; indicating origin or separation point

เจ็บปวด

jèp-pùat — to hurt, feel pain; experiencing physical or emotional pain

หยั่งรากลึก

yàng-râak-lʉ̂k — deeply rooted; firmly established deep within something

อยู่

yùu — to be, stay, live; indicates location or ongoing state

ตัวตน

tua-ton — self, identity; one's true inner nature or being

ปรารถนา

praat-thà-nǎa — to desire, wish for; a deep longing or aspiration

อดกลั้น

òt-glân — to restrain, hold back, suppress an urge or emotion

ไม่ได้

mâi dâi — cannot, could not; negation of ability or past action

ดื่มด่ำ

dʉ̀m-dàm — to immerse, absorb deeply; savoring something intensely

ยาวนาน

yaao-naan — long-lasting, prolonged; extending over a long time

หายใจ

hǎai-jai — to breathe; inhaling and exhaling air to sustain life

ไม่ออก

mâi ɔ̀ɔk — cannot come out; unable to release or express something

ถ้วย

thûay — cup, bowl; a small container for drinking or holding liquid

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — of, at; formal classifier for places or abstract nouns

ขมขื่น

khǒm-khʉ̀n — bitter; feeling or tasting of bitterness and resentment

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses formally

เกือบ

gʉ̀ap — almost, nearly; very close to but not quite reaching

ทุก

thúk — every, all, each; indicating totality of a group

สตรี

sà-trii — woman, female; a formal or literary word for woman

ถูก

thùuk — to be subjected to; passive marker or correct/cheap

หล่อเลี้ยง

lɔ̀ɔ-líang — to nourish, sustain, nurture; maintaining life or vitality

โดย

dooi — by, through, by means of; indicates agent or method

ดอก

dɔ̀ɔk — flower; also a particle softening a negative statement

หรือ

rʉ̌ʉ — or; conjunction presenting an alternative choice or option