The Scarlet Letter — Page 327

Vocabulary

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context

ยุค

yuk — Era, age, epoch in history

สมัย

sa-mai — Period, era, time in history

เก่า

kao — Old, ancient, not new

ก่อน

kon — Before, prior to a time or event

นั้น

nan — That, those, referring to something mentioned

ผู้

phu — Person, one who does something

อพยพ

op-pha-yop — To migrate, move from one place to another

ชาว

chao — People of a nationality, group, or place

อังกฤษ

ang-krit — English, relating to England or Britain

บน

bon — On top of, above a surface

ชาย

chai — Edge, border; also means male person

ฝั่ง

fang — Shore, bank, side of a river or sea

อัน

an — Classifier for objects; relative pronoun that

ห่าง

hang — Far apart, distant from something

ไกล

klai — Far, a long distance away

เหล่า

lao — Those, a group of people or things

นี้

ni — This, these, referring to something nearby

ได้

dai — Can, able to; also marks past tense

ละทิ้ง

la-thing — To abandon, leave behind, forsake something

กษัตริย์

ka-sat — King, monarch, royal ruler of a kingdom

ขุนนาง

khun-nang — Nobleman, aristocrat in traditional society

และ

lae — And, connecting words or clauses together

ลำดับ

lam-dap — Order, sequence, ranking of items

ชั้น

chan — Level, floor, class, tier

ยศ

yot — Rank, title, official status or position

ศักดิ์

sak — Dignity, honor, noble rank or status

น่า

na — Worth, deserving of a feeling or action

เกรง

kreng — To fear, be in awe of someone

ทั้ง

thang — All, both, entire group or set

ปวง

puang — All, every, the entirety of a group

ไว้

wai — To keep, place, retain for future use

เบื้อง

bueang — Side, direction; used in compound phrases

หลัง

lang — Behind, after, back side of something

ทว่า

tha-wa — However, but, nevertheless, on the other hand

ความ

khwam — Nominalizer prefix; abstract noun marker

สามารถ

sa-mat — Able to, capable of doing something

จำเป็น

jam-pen — Necessary, essential, must be done

การ

kan — Nominalizer for actions; the act of doing

เคารพ

khao-rop — To respect, show reverence toward someone

นับถือ

nap-thue — To respect, regard highly, hold in esteem

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, continuing to do something

คง

khong — Probably, still, likely to remain the same

ฝัง

fang — To bury, embed deeply into something

แน่น

naen — Tight, firm, packed closely together

อยู่

yu — To be, stay, live, exist somewhere

จิตใจ

jit-jai — Mind, heart, inner spirit of a person

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to someone or something

เขา

khao — He, she, they, him, her, them

จึง

jueng — Therefore, so, consequently as a result

มอบ

mop — To give, present, hand over to someone

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter, something abstract

แก่

kae — To, for; also means old in age

สูง

sung — High, tall, elevated in position or height

วัย

wai — Age, stage of life, period of development

ที่

thi — At, place, that, which; relative pronoun

มี

mi — To have, there is, possess something

ผม

phom — Hair on the head; I, me (male speaker)

ขาว

khao — White, pale in color

หน้า

na — Face, front, next; forehead in some contexts

ผาก

phak — Forehead, brow of a person

ซื่อสัตย์

sue-sat — Honest, loyal, faithful in conduct

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through, go past, undergo something

พิสูจน์

phi-sut — To prove, verify, demonstrate truth of something

มา

ma — To come; also marks action toward speaker

ยาวนาน

yao-nan — Long-lasting, prolonged over a long time

ปัญญา

pan-ya — Wisdom, intelligence, knowledge and insight

มั่นคง

man-khong — Stable, firm, secure, steadfast in position

ประสบการณ์

pra-sop-kan — Experience gained through life or work

คุณสมบัติ

khun-som-bat — Quality, qualification, characteristic of a person

ระดับ

ra-dap — Level, grade, standard of something

เคร่ง

khreng — Strict, serious, rigorous in practice

น้ำหนัก

nam-nak — Weight, heaviness; also figurative gravitas

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that, a relative pronoun connector

ให้

hai — To give, let, cause, allow someone to

แนวคิด

naeo-khit — Concept, idea, way of thinking about something

เรื่อง

rueang — Story, matter, topic, subject under discussion

ยั่งยืน

yang-yuen — Sustainable, lasting, enduring over long time

ภาย

phai — Within, inside, used in compound words

ใต้

tai — Under, below, beneath something

นิยาม

ni-yam — Definition, to define the meaning of something

ทั่วไป

thua-pai — General, common, in general terms

นัก

nak — Person who does something; expert, specialist

ปกครอง

pok-khrong — To rule, govern, administer a territory

บุก

buk — To push through, invade, break into somewhere

เบิก

boek — To open, clear, pioneer new territory

ได้แก่

dai-kae — That is, namely, which includes the following

ลิง

ling — Monkey; also transliteration component

เพื่อน

phuean — Friend, companion, someone close to you

ร่วม

ruam — Together, joint, to participate with others

พวก

phuak — Group, gang, a set of people together

ได้รับ

dai-rap — To receive, obtain, get something given

ยก

yok — To lift, raise, promote to a higher position

ขึ้น

khuen — Up, to rise, increase, go higher

สู่

su — To, toward, into a place or state

อำนาจ

am-nat — Power, authority, control over others

โดย

doi — By, by means of, through an agent

เลือก

lueak — To choose, select, vote for someone

ประชาชน

pra-cha-chon — People, citizens, the general public

แรก

raek — First, initial, earliest occurrence of something

ดู

du — To look, watch, appear, seem a certain way

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, resembling something else

จะ

ja — Will, going to; marks future tense

ไม่ได้

mai-dai — Did not, was not able to do

เฉลียว

cha-liao — Clever, sharp, perceptive in understanding

ฉลาด

cha-lat — Smart, intelligent, bright in ability

โดดเด่น

dot-den — Outstanding, prominent, standing out from others

หาก

hak — If, in case, should a condition occur

แต่

tae — But, however, yet, contrasting conjunction

ด้วย

duay — With, also, by means of something

สุขุม

su-khum — Calm, composed, prudent in behavior

รอบคอบ

rop-khop — Careful, thorough, cautious in action

หนัก

nak — Heavy, hard, intense, severe in degree

มากกว่า

mak-kwa — More than, greater than in comparison

กระตือรือร้น

kra-tue-rue-ron — Enthusiastic, eager, energetically motivated

ทาง

thang — Way, path, direction, means of doing

กล้าหาญ

kla-han — Brave, courageous, daring in facing danger

พึ่งพา

phueng-pha — To rely on, depend upon someone else

ตนเอง

ton-eng — Oneself, himself, herself, themselves

ยาม

yam — Time, moment; guard, watchman on duty

ยาก

yak — Difficult, hard, not easy to do

หรือ

rue — Or, a conjunction offering alternatives

เมื่อ

mua — When, at the time that something occurred

เผชิญ

pha-choen — To face, confront, encounter a situation

อันตราย

an-ta-rai — Danger, hazard, risk to safety

ยืน

yuen — To stand, remain standing upright

หยัด

yat — To stand firm, persist, hold one's ground

เพื่อ

phuea — For the purpose of, in order to

ผาสุก

pha-suk — Welfare, well-being, happiness of people

รัฐ

rat — State, nation, government entity

ดุจ

dut — Like, as, resembling something in comparison

แนว

naeo — Line, direction, style, approach to something

ผา

pha — Cliff, rock face, sheer rocky surface

หิน

hin — Rock, stone, hard mineral material

ต้าน

tan — To resist, oppose, withstand a force

ทาน

than — To withstand, endure against force or pressure

คลื่น

khluen — Wave of water or sound, undulating motion

ลม

lom — Wind, air current, breeze

พายุ

pha-yu — Storm, tempest, severe weather event

ลักษณะ

lak-sa-na — Characteristic, trait, feature of something

นิสัย

ni-sai — Habit, character, personal behavior trait

กล่าว

klao — To say, speak, mention, state formally

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at, about, regarding

สะท้อน

sa-thon — To reflect, mirror, show a quality clearly

ออกมา

ok-ma — To come out, emerge from inside somewhere

อย่าง

yang — In a manner, kind, type, way of doing

ชัดเจน

chat-jen — Clear, distinct, obvious, easy to understand

รูป

rup — Shape, form, picture, image of something

เหลี่ยม

liam — Angle, side, edge of a geometric shape

ร่างกาย

rang-kai — Body, physical form of a person

แข็งแกร่ง

khaeng-kraeng — Strong, tough, physically or mentally powerful

ใหญ่โต

yai-to — Large, big, grand in size or stature

บรรดา

ban-da — All the, among those, various members of group

พิพากษา

phi-phak-sa — To judge, pass judgment in a court

อาณานิคม

a-na-ni-khom — Colony, territory ruled by a foreign power

ใหม่

mai — New, fresh, recent, not old

แง่

ngae — Aspect, angle, perspective of a matter

ท่าที

tha-thi — Attitude, manner, bearing toward something

เปี่ยม

piam — Full of, overflowing with a quality

ตาม

tam — According to, following, along with

ธรรมชาติ

tham-ma-chat — Nature, natural world, natural state of things

ประเทศ

pra-thet — Country, nation, a sovereign state

แม่

mae — Mother; also prefix for river or main thing

ไม่

mai — Not, negation word in Thai language

ต้อง

tong — Must, have to, need to do something

ละอาย

la-ai — To feel ashamed, embarrassed by something

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind, feeling, inner emotion

เลย

loei — At all, ever; also means therefore, just

เห็น

hen — To see, notice, observe something visually

ผู้นำ

phu-nam — Leader, one who leads a group

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at, from a place; classifier for places

ประชาธิปไตย

pra-cha-thi-pa-tai — Democracy, system of government by the people

แท้จริง

thae-jing — True, genuine, real, authentic in nature

รับ

rap — To receive, accept, take something given

เข้า

khao — To enter, go into, come inside

สภา

sa-pha — Council, assembly, parliament, governing body

แต่งตั้ง

taeng-tang — To appoint, assign someone to a position

เป็น

pen — To be, to become, as a state of being

องคมนตรี

ong-kha-mon-tri — Privy councillor, royal advisory council member

พระ

phra — Royal, holy, sacred; prefix for monk or king

มหากษัตริย์

ma-ha-ka-sat — Great king, the monarch of a nation

ถัด

that — Next, following, immediately after something

จาก

jak — From, away from a place or person

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is to say

นักบวช

nak-buat — Clergyman, religious person, monk or priest

หนุ่ม

num — Young man, youthful male person

ชื่อเสียง

chue-siang — Reputation, fame, renown of a person

พิเศษ

phi-set — Special, extraordinary, exceptional in quality

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each without exception

คน

khon — Person, people, human being

คาด

khat — To expect, anticipate, predict something

หวัง

wang — To hope, wish for, expect something desired

ฟัง

fang — To listen, hear attentively to something

สุนทรพจน์

sun-thon-pha-jot — Speech, oration, formal address to an audience

ศาสนา

sat-sa-na — Religion, faith, spiritual belief system

โอกาส

o-kat — Opportunity, chance, occasion to do something

วัน

wan — Day, a single day in time

ครบ

khrop — Complete, full, having all required parts

รอบ

rop — Round, cycle, anniversary, surrounding area

ปาก

pak — Mouth, opening, entrance of something