The Scarlet Letter — Page 333

Vocabulary

เจ้า

jâo — you (informal/archaic pronoun addressing someone)

คิด

khít — to think, consider, or have a thought

หรือ

rʉ̌ʉ — or; used to connect alternatives or ask questions

ว่า

wâa — that; introduces a clause or reported speech

ข้า

khâa — I/me (archaic or formal first-person pronoun)

ได้

dâai — can, able to; also marks past tense or achievement

ไป

pai — to go; move away from current location

ยัง

yang — still, yet; indicates ongoing state or action

ป่า

pàa — forest, jungle, or wild wooded area

นั้น

nán — that (demonstrative pronoun/adjective, referring to something distant)

บ่อย

bòi — often, frequently, many times

ครั้ง

khráng — time, occasion; classifier for occurrences or instances

เช่น

chên — such as, for example; introduces examples

นี้

níi — this; demonstrative referring to something nearby

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — but, however; introduces a contrasting clause

กลับ

glàp — to return; go back to a previous place or state

ไม่

mâi — not; general negation particle in Thai

มี

mii — to have, there is/are; indicates existence or possession

ความสามารถ

khwaam-sǎa-mâat — ability, capability, skill or competence

พอ

phɔɔ — enough, sufficient; just enough of something

จะ

jà — will, going to; future tense marker in Thai

รู้

rúu — to know a fact or piece of information

ใคร

khrai — who, someone; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

อื่น

ʉ̀ʉn — other, another, different; refers to something else

ที่

thîi — at, place; relative pronoun or location marker

นั่น

nân — that (demonstrative), pointing to something visible but distant

บ้าง

bâang — some, somewhat; indicates partial or vague quantity

ใช่

châi — yes, correct; affirmative confirmation particle

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — already, then; indicates completed action or sequence

แม้

mɛ́ɛ — even though, although; concessive conjunction

ใบไม้

bai-máai — leaf of a tree or plant

ใบ

bai — leaf; also classifier for flat objects like leaves

เดียว

diiao — single, alone, only one; indicates singularity

จาก

jàak — from, away from; indicates origin or separation

พวงหรีด

phuang-rìit — wreath; a circular arrangement of flowers or leaves

พวกเขา

phûak-khǎo — they, them; third-person plural pronoun

สวม

sùam — to wear, put on clothing or accessories

ขณะ

khànà — while, moment; indicates a specific point in time

เต้นรำ

tên-ram — to dance; perform rhythmic movement to music

หลงเหลือ

lǒng-lʉ̌a — remaining, left over; still existing after others gone

อยู่

yùu — to be, to stay, to live (at a location)

ใน

nai — in, inside, within a place or time

ผม

phǒm — I/me (polite male first-person pronoun)

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — of, belonging to; possessive particle

ก็

gɔ̂ɔ — also, then; connective particle showing continuation or concession

ตาม

taam — to follow; according to, along with

รู้จัก

rúu-jàk — to know, be acquainted with a person or thing

เพราะ

phráw — because, due to; introduces a reason or cause

เห็น

hěn — to see, to visually perceive something

สัญลักษณ์

sǎn-yá-lák — symbol, sign; a mark representing something else

พวกเรา

phûak-rao — we, us; first-person plural inclusive pronoun

ทุกคน

thúk-khon — everyone, everybody; all people without exception

อาจ

àat — might, may, possibly; expresses possibility or uncertainty

มองเห็น

mɔɔng-hěn — to be able to see, to perceive visually

มัน

man — it; third-person pronoun for objects or animals

แสงแดด

sɛ̌ɛng-dɛ̀ɛt — sunlight; the light emitted by the sun

และ

lɛ́ — and; conjunction connecting words or clauses

เปล่งแสง

plèng-sɛ̌ɛng — to emit light, to radiate or glow brightly

ดุจ

dùt — like, as if; literary word for comparison

เปลว

pleeo — flame, tongue of fire; a leaping fire shape

ไฟ

fai — fire, flame; also means electricity or light

สีแดง

sǐi-dɛɛng — red color; the color red

ความมืด

khwaam-mʉ̂ʉt — darkness; absence of light

อย่าง

yàang — way, manner, type; like or in the manner of

เปิดเผย

pə̀ət-phəəi — to reveal, disclose, expose something hidden

ดังนั้น

dang-nán — therefore, thus, so; indicates a logical conclusion

จึง

jʉng — therefore, then; indicates result or consequence

คำถาม

kham-thǎam — question; an inquiry seeking information or answer

ใด

dai — which, any, what (interrogative/indefinite adjective)

เกี่ยวกับ

gìiao-gàp — about, concerning, related to a topic

เรื่อง

rʉ̂ang — story, matter, topic; about something

บาทหลวง

bàat-lǔang — Catholic priest; a religious clergy member

ผู้

phûu — person who, one who; prefix indicating a person's role

เล่า

lâo — to tell, narrate a story or account

ให้

hâi — to give; causative particle meaning 'let' or 'for'

บอก

bɔ̀ɔk — to tell, inform, say to someone

เป็น

pen — to be; links subject to identity or state

ความลับ

khwaam-láp — secret; private information kept hidden from others

เถิด

thə̀ət — imperative particle urging someone to do something (archaic)

เมื่อ

mʉ̂a — when, at the time that; temporal conjunction

ผู้รับใช้

phûu-ráp-cháai — servant; a person who serves another

คนหนึ่ง

khon-nʉ̀ng — one person, a certain person

ตน

ton — oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to same subject

ได้รับ

dâai-ráp — to receive, obtain something given or offered

การ

gaan — act of, process of; nominalizing prefix for actions

ลงนาม

long-naam — to sign (a document, agreement, or name)

ประทับตรา

prà-tháp-traa — to stamp or seal an official document

เขินอาย

khəən-aai — to feel shy, embarrassed, or bashful

ยอมรับ

yɔɔm-ráp — to accept, admit, acknowledge something

พันธะ

phan-thá — bond, obligation, binding commitment or tie

ดัง

dang — like, as; also means loud or famous

ท่าน

thân — you (respectful); honorific second or third-person pronoun

เขา

khǎo — he, she, him, her; third-person pronoun

วิธี

wí-thii — method, way, means of doing something

จัดการ

jàt-gaan — to manage, handle, deal with a matter

เรื่องราว

rʉ̂ang-raao — story, narrative, account of events

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — in order to, for the purpose of

ตรา

traa — seal, stamp, emblem or insignia

ประทับ

prà-tháp — to stamp, impress; also to reside (of royalty)

ถูก

thùuk — to be correct; also passive marker or cheap

ต่อ

tɔ̀ɔ — against, toward, per; also to connect or continue

สายตา

sǎai-taa — eyesight, gaze; the line of vision or sight

ชาวโลก

chaao-lôok — people of the world; worldly inhabitants

ที่แจ้ง

thîi-jɛ̂ɛng — in the open, in public; openly visible place

สิ่งใด

sìng-dai — anything, whatever; any thing at all

กัน

gan — together, each other; reciprocal or group particle

พยายาม

pha-yaa-yaam — to try, make an effort, attempt something

ซ่อนเร้น

sôn-rén — to hide, conceal, keep secret something

ด้วย

dûai — also, with, by means of; adds emphasis or reason

เอา

ao — to take, get, use; general-purpose action verb

มือ

mʉʉ — hand; the part of the body at the arm's end

ปิด

pìt — to close, shut, cover; opposite of open

หน้าอก

nâa-òk — chest, breast; the front of the upper torso

ตลอดเวลา

tà-lɔ̀ɔt-weelaa — all the time, always, constantly without interruption

คือ

khʉʉ — is, means, namely; identifies or defines something

อะไร

à-rai — what; interrogative pronoun asking for identification

คุณนาย

khun-naai — Mrs., ma'am; respectful title for a married woman

น้อย

nɔ́ɔi — little, few, small amount of something

ถาม

thǎam — to ask a question or make an inquiry

กระตือรือร้น

grà-tʉʉ-rʉʉ-rón — eager, enthusiastic, keen and energetic about something

เป็นไร

pen-rai — what's the matter, is something wrong?

หรอก

rɔ̀ɔk — particle softening negation or dismissing an assumption

ที่รัก

thîi-rák — dear, beloved, darling; term of endearment

ตอบ

tɔ̀ɔp — to answer, reply, respond to a question

พร้อม

phrɔ́ɔm — ready, prepared; together with or simultaneously

กับ

gàp — with, and; links nouns or indicates accompaniment

โค้ง

khóong — to bow, curve; a bend or curving motion

คำนับ

kham-náp — to bow respectfully, pay homage or salute

สุภาพ

sù-phâap — polite, courteous, well-mannered and respectful

เอง

eeng — oneself, by oneself; emphatic reflexive particle

ไม่ช้า

mâi-cháa — soon, before long, not much time from now

กล่าว

glàao — to say, state, utter (formal or literary usage)

เด็กน้อย

dèk-nɔ́ɔi — little child, small kid; a young small child

สืบสาย

sʉ̀ʉp-sǎai — to descend from, trace lineage or bloodline from

มา

maa — to come; move toward the speaker or reference point

เจ้าชาย

jâo-chaai — prince; male royal of noble birth

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — of, from (a place); formal locative or possessive particle

ขี่

khìi — to ride (a horse, bicycle, or animal)

คืน

khʉʉn — night; also means to return something to someone

อัน

an — classifier for general objects; one (literary numeral)

แจ่มใส

jɛ̀m-sǎi — bright, clear, cheerful; describes clear sky or mood

หนึ่ง

nʉ̀ng — one; the number one or a/an

พบ

phóp — to meet, find, encounter someone or something

บิดา

bì-daa — father; formal or literary word for one's father

เหตุใด

hèet-dai — why, for what reason; asking cause or motive

ไว้

wái — to keep, store; aspect particle indicating retention of state