The Scarlet Letter — Page 335

Vocabulary

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time

ขณะ

kha-na — Moment, while, at the time of

นั้น

nan — That, those; referring to something previously mentioned

เธอ

thoe — She, her, you (informal feminine pronoun)

ได้ยิน

dai-yin — To hear, to perceive sound with ears

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, noise

ต่ำ

tam — Low, in pitch or position

แผ่วเบา

phaeo-bao — Soft and gentle, barely audible sound or touch

ดุจ

dut — Like, as if, resembling (literary/formal)

สายลม

sai-lom — A breeze, gentle stream of wind

ที่

thi — That, which; relative pronoun or place marker

โชย

choi — To waft, drift gently as a breeze or scent

ลงมา

long-ma — To come down, descend toward the speaker

พักผ่อน

phak-phon — To rest, relax, take a break

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then, after that (aspect marker)

จึง

chueng — Then, therefore, consequently (connective word)

พลิ้ว

phliu — To flutter, ripple, wave gently in the wind

สูง

sung — High, tall, elevated in position or pitch

ขึ้น

khuen — To rise, go up, increase

ตาม

tam — To follow, according to, along with

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time that (conjunction)

มัน

man — It, thing (pronoun, sometimes informal)

ค่อยๆ

khoi-khoi — Gradually, slowly, little by little

ไต่

tai — To climb, crawl upward, scale gradually

ระดับ

ra-dap — Level, grade, degree of something

ที

thi — Time, occasion, instance (counter word)

ละ

la — Each, per; also a softening particle

ขั้น

khan — Step, level, rung, stage of progression

ด้วย

duai — Also, with, by means of

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix expressing abstract quality or state

ไพเราะ

phai-ro — Melodious, beautiful sounding, harmonious

และ

lae — And, as well as (conjunction)

พลัง

phalang — Power, energy, force

จน

jon — Until, to the point of, poor (context-dependent)

กระทั่ง

kra-thang — Until, up to, even as far as

ยิ่งใหญ่

ying-yai — Grand, magnificent, great in scale or importance

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

ดู

du — To look, watch, seem, appear

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, as if

จะ

cha — Will, about to; future tense marker

ห่อหุ้ม

ho-hum — To envelop, wrap around, surround completely

บรรยากาศ

ban-ya-kat — Atmosphere, ambiance, surrounding environment or mood

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at (formal locative particle); classifier for places

เกรงขาม

kreng-kham — Awe-inspiring, causing reverence and fear

สง่างาม

sa-nga-ngam — Dignified, graceful, majestic in appearance

อัน

an — Which, that (relative/nominalizing particle); classifier

เคร่งขรึม

khreng-khreum — Serious, solemn, stern in manner or expression

กระนั้น

kra-nan — Even so, nevertheless, despite that (conjunction)

ไม่ว่า

mai-wa — No matter, regardless of, whether or not

อลังการ

a-lang-kan — Spectacular, grand, lavishly elaborate and impressive

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just (limiting adverb)

ใด

dai — Any, which, whatever (interrogative/relative pronoun)

ก็

ko — Also, too, then (discourse particle)

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, also (continuative aspect marker)

คง

khong — Probably, likely, still, remain (modal adverb)

มี

mi — To have, there is/are, to exist

ลักษณะ

lak-sa-na — Characteristic, quality, feature, trait

ระทมทุกข์

ra-thom-thuk — To be deeply sorrowful, suffering inner anguish

แฝง

faeng — To be hidden within, concealed, latent

อยู่

yu — To be, stay, exist, reside (continuative verb)

เป็น

pen — To be, to have a condition, as (linking verb)

นิตย์

nit — Always, constantly, perpetually (literary/formal)

การ

kan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes

แสดงออก

sa-daeng-ok — To express, show outwardly, demonstrate feelings

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at, about, concerning

เจ็บปวด

jep-puat — Pain, ache, to feel physical or emotional hurt

อย่าง

yang — Like, in the manner of, a kind of

ดัง

dang — Loud, loudly; like, such as (literary)

หรือ

rue — Or, whether (conjunction or question particle)

เบา

bao — Soft, light, quiet, gentle (of sound or weight)

กระซิบ

kra-sip — To whisper, speak very softly in someone's ear

กรีดร้อง

krit-rong — To scream, shriek loudly in fear or pain

มวล

muan — Mass, collective body, totality of something

มนุษยชาติ

ma-nut-ya-chat — Humankind, humanity, the human race collectively

ผู้

phu — Person who, one who (nominalizing prefix for people)

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thuk-tho-ra-man — To suffer greatly, endure torment and misery

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter (general classifier)

ได้

dai — Can, able to; did (past/potential marker)

สัมผัส

sam-phat — To touch, sense, perceive through contact

รู้สึก

ru-suek — To feel, sense, perceive emotionally

หัวอก

hua-ok — Heart, chest; one's inner feelings and emotions

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each without exception

ผู้คน

phu-khon — People, persons, folks in general

บาง

bang — Some, certain, thin; partly (adjective/determiner)

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, occasion, instance (classifier for occurrences)

โศกเศร้า

sok-sao — Sad, sorrowful, grief-stricken, deeply mournful

ลึกซึ้ง

luek-sueng — Deep, profound, touching the heart deeply

นี้

ni — This, these (demonstrative pronoun or adjective)

เดียว

diao — Only, single, alone, just one

แทบ

thaep — Almost, nearly, barely, hardly

ไม่

mai — Not, no (primary negation particle)

แค่

khae — Just, only, merely (informal limiting word)

ถอน

thon — To withdraw, pull out, remove; exhale (a sigh)

หายใจ

hai-jai — To breathe, take a breath

ท่ามกลาง

tham-klang — Amid, in the middle of, surrounded by

เงียบ

ngiap — Quiet, silent, calm, without noise

สงัด

sa-ngat — Completely still and silent, utterly hushed

แต่

tae — But, however, only (contrast conjunction)

แม้

mae — Even, even though, although (concessive conjunction)

บาทหลวง

bat-luang — Catholic priest, clergyman (Roman Catholic)

กังวาน

kang-wan — Resonant, reverberating, full and rich in sound

ทรงพลัง

song-phalang — Powerful, mighty, having great strength or force

พุ่ง

phung — To surge, shoot forward, rush upward forcefully

หยุด

yut — To stop, cease, halt movement or action

ไม่ได้

mai-dai — Cannot, unable to, did not (negation of ability/past)

เปล่ง

pleng — To emit, utter, give forth sound or light

ออก

ok — Out, outward, to exit, emit

เต็มที่

tem-thi — Fully, at full capacity, to the maximum extent

ทั้ง

thang — Both, all, entire, whole (inclusive marker)

กว้างใหญ่

kwang-yai — Vast, spacious, wide and large in extent

ล้นเกิน

lon-koen — Overflowing, excessive, more than enough

โบสถ์

bot — Church, temple, religious building for worship

ทะลุทะลวง

tha-lu-tha-luang — To penetrate through, pierce completely, break through

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through, go past, cross over

กำแพง

kam-phaeng — Wall, barrier, enclosing structure of brick or stone

แน่นหนา

naen-na — Thick, sturdy, solid, firmly constructed

ไป

pai — To go, away, onward (directional verb/particle)

สู่

su — To, toward, into (formal directional preposition)

อากาศ

a-kat — Air, weather, atmosphere outdoors

ภายนอก

phai-nok — Outside, exterior, beyond the boundary

หาก

hak — If, should, in the event that (conditional conjunction)

ผู้ฟัง

phu-fang — Listener, audience, one who listens

ตั้งใจ

tang-jai — To intend, pay attention, concentrate, be determined

ฟัง

fang — To listen, to hear attentively

จริงจัง

jing-jang — Seriously, earnestly, with genuine commitment

สามารถ

sa-mat — Can, able to, capable of doing something

จับ

jap — To catch, grasp, hold, capture

ร้อง

rong — To cry, sing, call out, wail

เดิม

doem — Original, former, previous, the same as before

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is to say (defining verb)

อะไร

a-rai — What, anything, something (interrogative pronoun)

กัน

kan — Together, each other, mutually (reciprocal particle)

ครวญ

khruan — To moan, groan, lament in a drawn-out way

หัวใจ

hua-jai — Heart, the emotional or vital center of a person

มนุษย์

ma-nut — Human being, person, mankind

เต็ม

tem — Full, complete, filled to capacity

บางที

bang-thi — Sometimes, perhaps, maybe, occasionally

อาจ

at — May, might, possibly, perhaps (modal verb)

ผิด

phit — Wrong, incorrect, guilty, mistaken

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently doing; strength, power, energy

บอกเล่า

bok-lao — To tell, narrate, recount a story or fact

ลับ

lap — Secret, hidden, private, confidential

ตน

ton — Self, oneself (reflexive or formal pronoun)

ทุกข์

thuk — Suffering, distress, sorrow (Buddhist concept)

แก่

kae — To, for (dative preposition); old, elderly

วิงวอน

wing-won — To implore, beseech, plead earnestly for something

ขอ

kho — To ask for, request, beg, may I

เห็นใจ

hen-jai — To sympathize, empathize, understand someone's feelings

อภัย

a-phai — Forgiveness, pardon; to forgive someone

เคย

khoei — Used to, ever have done (experiential aspect)

ไร้ผล

rai-phon — Fruitless, ineffective, yielding no result

ต่อเนื่อง

to-nueang — Continuous, ongoing, uninterrupted, sequential

เอง

eng — Self, oneself, by oneself, on one's own

มอบ

mop — To give, hand over, present, bestow

เหมาะสม

mo-som — Appropriate, suitable, fitting for the situation

ที่สุด

thi-sut — Most, -est; the extreme degree (superlative marker)

นักบวช

nak-buat — Clergyman, monk, ordained religious person

ตลอด

ta-lot — Throughout, all along, the entire duration

เวลา

we-la — Time, period, hour, when

ทั้งหมด

thang-mot — All, everything, the whole, entire amount

ยืน

yuen — To stand, be standing in an upright position

นิ่ง

ning — Still, motionless, unmoving, calm

รูปปั้น

rup-pan — Statue, figurine, sculpted image of a person

เชิง

choeng — Base, foot of something; style, manner (literary)

ตะแลงแกง

ta-laeng-kaeng — Scaffold, gallows, platform for public execution