The Scarlet Letter — Page 339

Vocabulary

พวกเขา

phuak khao — Third person plural pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'

เหล่านั้น

lao nan — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'those' (plural)

หลังจาก

lang jak — Conjunction or preposition meaning 'after'

ที่

thi — Relative pronoun or preposition meaning 'that/which/at'

ได้

dai — Auxiliary verb indicating ability or past action

ใช้

chai — Verb meaning 'to use' or 'to utilize'

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix indicating abstract concept or state

บันเทิง

ban thoeng — Entertainment or amusement; enjoyable activities

รูปแบบ

rup baep — Pattern, format, or style of something

อื่น

uuen — Adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'

จน

jon — Conjunction meaning 'until'; also adjective meaning 'poor'

หมด

mot — Verb or adjective meaning 'finished' or 'all used up'

สิ้น

sin — Verb meaning 'to end' or 'to be exhausted/depleted'

แล้ว

laeo — Particle indicating completed action or 'already'

บัดนี้

bat ni — Formal adverb meaning 'now' or 'at this moment'

ก็

ko — Particle meaning 'also/then/so' connecting clauses

พากัน

pha kan — Adverb meaning 'together' or 'all doing something jointly'

มุง

mung — Verb meaning 'to crowd around' or 'to throng'

ล้อม

lom — Verb meaning 'to surround' or 'to encircle'

ด้วย

duay — Preposition or particle meaning 'with' or 'also/too'

ล่วงล้ำ

luang lam — Verb meaning 'to intrude' or 'to encroach upon'

หยาบคาย

yaap khai — Adjective meaning 'rude,' 'crude,' or 'impolite'

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and'

ไร้

rai — Prefix meaning 'without' or 'lacking'

มารยาท

ma ra yat — Noun meaning 'manners,' 'etiquette,' or 'courtesy'

กระนั้น

kra nan — Conjunction meaning 'nevertheless' or 'even so'

ตาม

tam — Preposition meaning 'according to' or 'to follow'

แม้

mae — Conjunction meaning 'even though' or 'although'

จะ

ja — Auxiliary verb indicating future tense or intention

ยางอาย

yang ai — Noun meaning 'sense of shame' or 'modesty'

เพียง

phiang — Adverb meaning 'only,' 'merely,' or 'just'

ใด

dai — Pronoun meaning 'which,' 'any,' or 'whatever'

ไม่

mai — Negation particle meaning 'not' or 'no'

อาจ

at — Auxiliary verb meaning 'might,' 'may,' or 'possibly'

พา

pha — Verb meaning 'to lead,' 'to take,' or 'to bring'

เข้า

khao — Verb or directional meaning 'to enter' or 'inward'

ใกล้

klai — Adjective or adverb meaning 'near' or 'close'

มาก

mak — Adverb meaning 'very,' 'much,' or 'a lot'

กว่า

kwa — Comparative particle meaning 'more than' or 'than'

ระยะ

ra ya — Noun meaning 'distance,' 'interval,' or 'range'

หลาย

lai — Adjective meaning 'many,' 'several,' or 'multiple'

หลา

la — Noun meaning 'yard' (unit of length measurement)

จึง

jueng — Conjunction meaning 'therefore,' 'so,' or 'thus'

ยืน

yuen — Verb meaning 'to stand' in an upright position

อยู่

yu — Verb meaning 'to be at/in' or indicating ongoing action

นั้น

nan — Demonstrative meaning 'that' or 'those' (distant)

ถูก

thuk — Passive marker; also means 'correct' or 'cheap'

ตรึง

trueng — Verb meaning 'to pin,' 'to fix,' or 'to hold in place'

ให้

hai — Verb meaning 'to give'; causative or purposive marker

กับ

kap — Preposition meaning 'with' or 'and' (linking nouns)

แรง

raeng — Adjective or adverb meaning 'strong,' 'hard,' or 'forceful'

ผลัก

phlak — Verb meaning 'to push' someone or something away

จาก

jak — Preposition meaning 'from' indicating origin or separation

รังเกียจ

rang kiat — Verb meaning 'to dislike,' 'to detest,' or 'to be averse'

สัญลักษณ์

san lak — Noun meaning 'symbol,' 'sign,' or 'emblem'

อัน

an — Classifier for general objects; also means 'which/that'

ลึกลับ

luek lap — Adjective meaning 'mysterious,' 'secretive,' or 'enigmatic'

ปลุก

pluk — Verb meaning 'to awaken,' 'to rouse,' or 'to stir up'

เร้า

rao — Verb meaning 'to excite,' 'to stimulate,' or 'to arouse'

ขึ้น

khuen — Directional particle meaning 'up' or 'increasing/rising'

บรรดา

ban da — Collective noun prefix meaning 'all' or 'the various'

เหล่า

lao — Collective classifier meaning 'group of' or 'these/those'

นักเดินเรือ

nak doen ruea — Noun meaning 'sailor,' 'mariner,' or 'seafarer'

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — Pronoun or adverb meaning 'all,' 'entire,' or 'total'

เช่นกัน

chen kan — Adverb meaning 'likewise,' 'similarly,' or 'as well'

เมื่อ

muea — Conjunction meaning 'when' referring to a past time

สังเกต

sang koet — Verb meaning 'to observe,' 'to notice,' or 'to watch'

เห็น

hen — Verb meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive visually'

ฝูงชน

fung chon — Noun meaning 'crowd,' 'mob,' or 'throng of people'

แออัด

ae at — Adjective meaning 'crowded,' 'congested,' or 'packed'

รู้

ru — Verb meaning 'to know' a fact or piece of information

ถึง

thueng — Preposition meaning 'to,' 'until,' or 'about/regarding'

ความหมาย

khwam mai — Noun meaning 'meaning,' 'significance,' or 'definition'

ของ

khong — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

อักษร

ak son — Noun meaning 'letter,' 'character,' or 'script'

สีแดง

si daeng — Noun or adjective meaning 'red color' or 'red'

มา

ma — Verb meaning 'to come'; also directional particle 'toward'

แทรก

saek — Verb meaning 'to insert,' 'to squeeze into,' or 'to infiltrate'

ใบหน้า

bai na — Noun meaning 'face' (human facial features)

แดด

daet — Noun meaning 'sunlight' or 'sun rays'

เผา

phao — Verb meaning 'to burn' or 'to scorch with heat'

ดู

du — Verb meaning 'to look at,' 'to watch,' or 'to seem'

ดุร้าย

du rai — Adjective meaning 'fierce,' 'ferocious,' or 'savage'

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in,' 'inside,' or 'within'

วงล้อม

wong lom — Noun meaning 'encirclement,' 'ring,' or 'surrounding crowd'

แม้แต่

mae tae — Conjunction meaning 'even' emphasizing an extreme case

ชาว

chao — Classifier prefix meaning 'people of' a nationality or group

ได้รับ

dai rap — Verb meaning 'to receive,' 'to obtain,' or 'to get'

ผลกระทบ

phon kra thop — Noun meaning 'impact,' 'effect,' or 'consequence'

เงา

ngao — Noun meaning 'shadow' or 'reflection' or 'shade'

เย็นชา

yen cha — Adjective meaning 'cold' and 'indifferent' in demeanor

อยาก

yak — Verb meaning 'to want' or 'to desire' something

คน

khon — Noun meaning 'person,' 'people,' or human classifier

ผิวขาว

phio khao — Noun or adjective meaning 'white skin' or 'fair-skinned'

เลื่อน

luean — Verb meaning 'to slide,' 'to glide,' or 'to postpone'

ลอด

lot — Verb meaning 'to pass through' a narrow space

ผ่าน

phan — Verb meaning 'to pass,' 'to go through,' or 'to cross'

จับ

jap — Verb meaning 'to grab,' 'to catch,' or 'to hold'

จ้อง

jong — Verb meaning 'to stare,' 'to gaze fixedly,' or 'to glare'

ดวงตา

duang ta — Noun meaning 'eyes' (poetic or literary term)

ดำ

dam — Adjective meaning 'black' in color

เหมือน

muean — Conjunction or adverb meaning 'like,' 'similar to,' or 'as'

ตา

ta — Noun meaning 'eye' or informal term for 'grandfather'

งู

ngu — Noun meaning 'snake' or 'serpent'

ไป

pai — Verb meaning 'to go'; directional particle 'away/onward'

ยัง

yang — Adverb meaning 'still,' 'yet,' or 'also' (to another place)

อก

ok — Noun meaning 'chest' or 'bosom' (of a person)

บางที

bang thi — Adverb meaning 'sometimes,' 'perhaps,' or 'maybe'

คิด

khit — Verb meaning 'to think,' 'to consider,' or 'to reflect'

ว่า

wa — Conjunction meaning 'that'; introduces reported speech

ผู้

phu — Noun prefix meaning 'person who' or 'one who'

สวม

suam — Verb meaning 'to wear,' 'to put on' clothing or accessories

ตรา

tra — Noun meaning 'seal,' 'badge,' 'brand,' or 'insignia'

ปัก

pak — Verb meaning 'to embroider' or 'to stitch' decoratively

ประดับ

pra dap — Verb meaning 'to decorate,' 'to adorn,' or 'to embellish'

อย่าง

yang — Adverb meaning 'in a way,' 'manner,' or 'type/kind'

งดงาม

ngot ngam — Adjective meaning 'beautiful,' 'elegant,' or 'gorgeous'

ต้อง

tong — Auxiliary verb meaning 'must,' 'have to,' or 'need to'

เป็น

pen — Verb meaning 'to be' linking subject to predicate

บุคคล

buk khon — Noun meaning 'person,' 'individual,' or 'personality'

มี

mi — Verb meaning 'to have' or 'to possess' something

ศักดิ์ศรี

sak si — Noun meaning 'dignity,' 'honor,' or 'prestige'

สูงส่ง

sung song — Adjective meaning 'lofty,' 'noble,' or 'exalted in status'

หมู่

mu — Noun meaning 'group,' 'cluster,' or 'community'

เธอ

thoe — Second or third person pronoun for females meaning 'she/you'

สุดท้าย

sut thai — Adjective meaning 'last,' 'final,' or 'ultimate'

เมือง

mueang — Noun meaning 'city,' 'town,' or 'country/realm'

ทั้งหลาย

thang lai — Collective adjective meaning 'all' or 'every one of'

ซึ่ง

sueng — Relative pronoun meaning 'which,' 'that,' or 'who'

สนใจ

son jai — Verb meaning 'to be interested in' or 'to pay attention'

ตนเอง

ton eng — Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or 'themselves'

เรื่อง

rueang — Noun meaning 'matter,' 'story,' 'topic,' or 'affair'

ซ้ำซาก

sam sak — Adjective meaning 'repetitive,' 'monotonous,' or 'tedious'

นี้

ni — Demonstrative meaning 'this' (near the speaker)

ฟื้น

fuen — Verb meaning 'to recover,' 'to revive,' or 'to regain'

คืน

khuen — Verb meaning 'to return/restore'; noun meaning 'night'

เฉื่อยชา

chueai cha — Adjective meaning 'sluggish,' 'lethargic,' or 'slow-moving'

ใจ

jai — Noun meaning 'heart,' 'mind,' or 'feelings/emotions'

ต่อ

to — Preposition meaning 'toward,' 'against,' or 'per/per unit'

สิ่ง

sing — Noun meaning 'thing,' 'object,' or 'matter'

รู้สึก

ru suek — Verb meaning 'to feel,' 'to sense,' or 'to experience emotionally'

เดิน

doen — Verb meaning 'to walk' on foot

เกียจคร้าน

kiat khran — Adjective meaning 'lazy,' 'idle,' or 'slothful'

ทิศทาง

thit thang — Noun meaning 'direction,' 'orientation,' or 'course'

เดียวกัน

diao kan — Adjective meaning 'the same' or 'identical'

รบกวน

rop kuan — Verb meaning 'to disturb,' 'to bother,' or 'to interrupt'

จิตใจ

jit jai — Noun meaning 'mind,' 'spirit,' or 'mental state'

สายตา

sai ta — Noun meaning 'eyesight,' 'gaze,' or 'line of vision'

คุ้นเคย

khun khoei — Adjective meaning 'familiar,' 'accustomed,' or 'well-acquainted'

มอง

mong — Verb meaning 'to look at' or 'to gaze at something'

อับอาย

ap ai — Adjective meaning 'ashamed,' 'embarrassed,' or 'humiliated'

รู้จัก

ru jak — Verb meaning 'to know someone' or 'to be acquainted with'

ดี

di — Adjective meaning 'good,' 'well,' or 'fine'

มองเห็น

mong hen — Verb meaning 'to see,' 'to catch sight of' visually

จำ

jam — Verb meaning 'to remember,' 'to memorize,' or 'to recall'

เดิมๆ

doem doem — Adjective meaning 'same as before,' 'unchanged,' or 'routine'

กลุ่ม

klum — Noun meaning 'group,' 'cluster,' or 'team'

สตรี

sa tri — Noun meaning 'woman' or 'female' (formal/literary term)

วัย

wai — Noun meaning 'age,' 'era of life,' or 'life stage'

กลางคน

klang khon — Noun meaning 'middle age' or 'middle-aged person'

พวกเธอ

phuak thoe — Pronoun meaning 'they/them' referring to a female group

คือ

khue — Verb meaning 'is/are' equating subject with definition

รอคอย

ro khoi — Verb meaning 'to wait for' or 'to await eagerly'

การ

kan — Nominalizing prefix turning verbs into action nouns

ออก

ok — Verb meaning 'to exit,' 'to come out,' or 'outward direction'

ประตู

pra tu — Noun meaning 'door,' 'gate,' or 'entrance'

คุก

khuk — Noun meaning 'prison,' 'jail,' or 'penitentiary'

เจ็ด

jet — Number meaning 'seven'

ปี

pi — Noun meaning 'year' (unit of time)

ยกเว้น

yok wen — Preposition meaning 'except,' 'unless,' or 'excluding'

หนึ่ง

nueng — Number meaning 'one' or indefinite article 'a/an'

อายุ

a yu — Noun meaning 'age' of a person or thing

น้อย

noi — Adjective meaning 'little,' 'few,' or 'young/small amount'

ที่สุด

thi sut — Superlative marker meaning 'the most' or 'the -est'

เดียว

diao — Adjective meaning 'alone,' 'single,' or 'only one'

เมตตา

met ta — Noun meaning 'compassion,' 'loving kindness,' or 'mercy'

เย็บ

yep — Verb meaning 'to sew,' 'to stitch,' or 'to suture'

ชุด

chut — Noun meaning 'set,' 'outfit,' 'suit,' or 'uniform'

ฝัง

fang — Verb meaning 'to bury' in the ground or embed

ศพ

sop — Noun meaning 'corpse,' 'dead body,' or 'remains'

เวลา

we la — Noun meaning 'time,' 'moment,' or 'period'

ต่อมา

to ma — Adverb meaning 'afterward,' 'subsequently,' or 'later on'