The Scarlet Letter — Page 343

Vocabulary

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time

ขณะ

kha-na — While, moment, at the time of

นั้น

nan — That, those, referring to something mentioned

เขา

khao — He, she, they, third-person pronoun

ยืน

yuen — To stand upright on one's feet

อยู่

yuu — To be, to stay, to exist somewhere

บน

bon — On top of, above a surface

จุด

jut — Point, spot, dot, specific location

สูงสุด

sung sut — Highest, maximum, topmost level or degree

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at, classifier for places or locations

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix expressing abstract concepts or states

ยิ่งใหญ่

ying yai — Grand, magnificent, great in stature or importance

เหนือ

nuea — Above, over, north, superior to something

กว่า

kwaa — Than, more than, used in comparisons

ผู้

phu — Person, one who, prefix denoting a doer

อื่น

uen — Other, another, different from this one

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that, a relative pronoun connector

พร

phon — Blessing, divine gift, sacred favor bestowed

สวรรค์

sa-wan — Heaven, paradise, celestial realm above earth

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, road, direction, means of

ปัญญา

pan-yaa — Wisdom, intelligence, intellectual understanding and insight

รู้

ruu — To know, to be aware or informed

อัน

an — Classifier for small objects; which, that

ล้ำ

lam — Advanced, superior, outstanding, surpassing ordinary limits

ลึก

luek — Deep, profound, far below the surface

สามารถ

saa-maat — Can, able to, capable of doing something

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix denoting an action or process

พูด

phuut — To speak, to talk, to say something

จูงใจ

juung jai — To persuade, motivate, or inspire someone's mind

และ

lae — And, also, conjunction connecting words or phrases

ชื่อเสียง

chue siang — Reputation, fame, renown in public perception

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sak sit — Sacred, holy, divinely powerful and revered

บริสุทธิ์

bo-ri-sut — Pure, innocent, clean, without sin or fault

ที่สุด

thi sut — Most, the utmost degree of something

ยกย่อง

yok yong — To praise, honor, or hold in esteem

นักบวช

nak buuat — Clergy, monk, ordained religious practitioner

ให้

hai — To give, to allow, for, causative marker

ขึ้น

khuen — To rise, go up, increase, ascend

สู่

suu — To, toward, in the direction of something

ตำแหน่ง

tam-naeng — Position, rank, official post or title

ได้

dai — Can, could, to get, past tense marker

ยุค

yuk — Era, age, epoch, historical period of time

แรกเริ่ม

raek roem — At first, initial, in the beginning stage

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to, possessive particle in Thai

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time of a past event

ลักษณะ

lak-sa-na — Characteristic, feature, quality, appearance of something

วิชาชีพ

wi-chaa chip — Profession, career, skilled occupational field

เอง

eeng — Oneself, personally, by one's own action

ก็

ko — Also, then, so, discourse particle in Thai

เป็น

pen — To be, to become, to exist as something

แท่น

thaen — Pedestal, platform, pulpit, raised base or stand

เกียรติยศ

kiat-ti-yot — Honor, prestige, dignified reputation or glory

สูงส่ง

sung song — Lofty, elevated, noble, of high moral standing

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then, after that, completion marker

นั่น

nan — That over there, that specific thing or person

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is, defining or equating

ที่

thi — At, place, relative pronoun, classifier for locations

บาทหลวง

baat luang — Catholic priest, Christian clergy member

ดำรง

dam-rong — To maintain, hold, sustain a position or state

ก้ม

kom — To bow, to bend one's head downward

ศีรษะ

si-sa — Head, the uppermost part of the body

ลง

long — To go down, descend, lower, downward direction

เบาะ

bo — Cushion, pad, soft seat for kneeling or sitting

เทศน์

thet — Sermon, preaching, religious discourse or lecture

สิ้นสุด

sin sut — To end, conclude, terminate, come to finish

เลือกตั้ง

lueak tang — Election, to elect, choosing by voting process

เดียวกัน

diao kan — Same, identical, the very same one or group

ข้าง

khaang — Side, beside, next to, lateral position

นั่งร้าน

nang raan — Scaffold, platform structure used for elevated standing

เสา

sao — Pillar, post, column, vertical support structure

ประจาน

pra-jaan — To publicly shame, expose someone to public humiliation

โดย

doi — By, by means of, through an agent or method

มี

mii — To have, there is, to exist or possess

อักษร

ak-son — Letter, script, written character or alphabet symbol

สี

sii — Color, hue; also the number four in Thai

แดงเพลิง

daeng phloeng — Blazing red, fiery crimson, intensely bright red color

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, also, still continuing an action

คง

khong — Probably, likely, to remain, to stay constant

ลุก

luk — To rise, stand up, catch fire, ignite

โชน

chon — To blaze, glow brightly, shine intensely outward

อก

ok — Chest, breast, the front of the torso

เธอ

thoe — She, her, you (informal feminine pronoun)

บัดนี้

bat nii — Now, at this moment, at present time

ได้ยิน

dai yin — To hear, to perceive sound with one's ears

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, noise, audio produced by something

ดัง

dang — Loud, famous, resonating, making a strong sound

กึกก้อง

kuek kong — Resounding, echoing loudly, thunderously reverberating through space

ดนตรี

don-trii — Music, musical sounds or performance of instruments

อีก

iik — Again, another, more, once more time

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, instance, occurrence, classifier for times

ก้าว

kaao — Step, stride, to step forward or advance

เดิน

doen — To walk, to move on foot forward

อย่าง

yaang — Like, in the manner of, a type or kind

จังหวะ

jan-wa — Rhythm, beat, tempo, timing of movement or music

กอง

kong — Troop, pile, group, unit of soldiers or items

ทหาร

tha-haan — Soldier, military personnel, armed forces member

คุ้มกัน

khum kan — To guard, escort, protect, provide security for

ออก

ok — Out, to exit, to go out from inside

มา

maa — To come, to move toward the speaker

จาก

jaak — From, away from, originating at a place

ประตู

pra-tuu — Door, gate, entrance or exit of a building

โบสถ์

bot — Church, chapel, religious building for worship

ขบวน

kha-buan — Procession, convoy, parade, organized moving group

แห่

hae — To parade, lead a procession ceremonially

จะ

ja — Will, shall, future tense marker in Thai

ถูก

thuuk — To be correct; passive voice marker in Thai

จัด

jat — To arrange, organize, hold an event or activity

ไป

pai — To go, to move away from the speaker

ศาลา

saa-laa — Pavilion, hall, open-sided public gathering structure

ว่าการ

waa kaan — To govern, administer, manage official government affairs

งาน

ngaan — Work, event, job, task, or ceremony

เลี้ยง

liang — Feast, banquet, to feed or host a meal

เคร่งขรึม

khroeng khruem — Solemn, serious, grave, stern in manner or expression

พิธีกรรม

phi-thii-kam — Ritual, ceremony, formal religious or official rite

วัน

wan — Day, a twenty-four hour period of time

ดังนั้น

dang nan — Therefore, thus, so, as a result of that

หนึ่ง

nueng — One, a single unit, the number one

บรรดา

ban-daa — All of, among, the group of many people

อาวุโส

aa-wu-so — Senior, elder, having seniority in age or rank

ทรงเกียรติ

song kiat — Honorable, respected, holding great prestige and dignity

ปรากฏ

pra-kot — To appear, to become visible, to show up

เห็น

hen — To see, to observe visually, to perceive

เคลื่อน

khluean — To move, shift, proceed, travel from one place

ผ่าน

phaan — To pass through, go past, cross over something

ทางเดิน

thaang doen — Walkway, aisle, passageway for walking through

กว้าง

kwaang — Wide, broad, spacious, having great horizontal extent

เปิด

poet — Open, to open, unlocked, accessible to entry

ผู้คน

phu khon — People, persons, the general public or crowd

ถอย

thoi — To step back, retreat, move backward away

ด้วย

duai — With, also, by means of, together with

เคารพ

khao-rop — To respect, revere, show deference to someone

ทั้ง

thang — Both, all, entire, including everything or everyone

สอง

song — Two, the number two, a pair of things

ผู้พิพากษา

phu phi-phak-saa — Judge, magistrate, one who adjudicates legal cases

บุรุษ

bu-rut — Man, male person, gentleman in formal context

แก่เฒ่า

kae thao — Old, aged, elderly person of advanced years

ปราดเปรื่อง

praat prueang — Brilliant, highly intelligent, sharp and learned person

ทรง

song — Royal prefix; to hold or maintain a state

คุณวุฒิ

khun-na-wut — Qualification, credential, merit or educational achievement

ทั้งหลาย

thang laai — All, everyone, all of them collectively

เข้า

khao — To enter, go into, move inside something

ท่ามกลาง

thaam klaang — In the midst of, surrounded by, among a group

พวก

phuak — Group, gang, faction, classifier for groups of people

พวกเขา

phuak khao — They, them, those people, third-person plural pronoun

ตลาด

ta-laat — Market, marketplace, place for buying and selling

เต็ม

tem — Full, complete, filled to capacity or entirely

ตัว

tua — Body, self, classifier for animals or clothing

ปรากฏตัว

pra-kot tua — To appear, make an appearance, show oneself publicly

ได้รับ

dai rap — To receive, obtain, get something given to oneself

ต้อนรับ

ton rap — To welcome, greet, receive guests hospitably

โห่ร้อง

ho rong — To cheer, shout acclaim, cry out loudly in approval

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter, an entity or item

นี้

nii — This, these, referring to something close or present

แม้

mae — Even though, although, despite, concessive conjunction

ว่า

waa — That, to say, to think, complementizer in Thai

ไม่

mai — No, not, negation particle in Thai

ต้อง

tong — Must, have to, need to, obliged to do

สงสัย

song-sai — To doubt, suspect, be curious or uncertain about

อาจ

aat — Might, may, perhaps, expressing possibility or uncertainty

พลัง

phalang — Power, energy, force, strength or driving potential

เพิ่มเติม

phoem toem — Additional, to add more, to supplement something further

จงรักภักดี

jong-rak phak-dii — Loyal, devoted, faithful allegiance to a person

เด็กๆ

dek dek — Children, kids, young ones, repeated for plurality

สมัย

sa-mai — Era, period, times, epoch of a certain age

มอบ

mop — To give, hand over, present, bestow upon someone

แก่

kae — To, for, toward someone; also means old or aged

ปกครอง

pok-khrong — To govern, rule, administer, have authority over

รู้สึก

ruu-suek — To feel, sense, experience an emotion or sensation

ระเบิด

ra-boet — Explosion, to explode, burst out with great force

กระตือรือร้น

kra-tuea-ruea-ron — Enthusiastic, eager, energetic, zealously motivated to act

ยับยั้ง

yap yang — To restrain, suppress, hold back, curb an impulse

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind, feelings, inner emotional center

ฟัง

fang — To listen, to hear attentively, to pay attention

สุ้มเสียง

sum siang — Tone of voice, vocal quality, characteristic sound of speech

ก้อง

kong — Resonant, reverberating, echoing loudly throughout a space

หู

huu — Ear, the organ used for hearing sounds