The Scarlet Letter — Page 347

Vocabulary

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context

ขณะ

kha-na — Moment, while, at the time of

นั้น

nan — That, those; referring to something previously mentioned

เอง

eng — Oneself, itself; emphasizes the subject acting alone

ผู้

phu — Person, one who; prefix indicating a person or agent

แก่

kae — Old, aged; also means 'to' in certain constructions

ชรา

cha-ra — Old age, elderly; advanced stage of life

ได้

dai — Can, able to; also marks past tense or achievement

ผลัก

phlak — To push, shove someone or something away

ตัว

tua — Body, self; classifier for animals and some objects

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through, go past, traverse a place

ฝูง

fung — Flock, herd, crowd; classifier for groups of animals

ชน

chon — To collide with; also means people or tribe

ออก

ok — To go out, exit, emerge from a place

มา

ma — To come, to arrive toward the speaker

หรือ

rue — Or; used in questions and alternatives

บาง

bang — Some, certain; thin (adjective depending on context)

ที

thi — Time, occasion; once, each time something occurs

ด้วย

duay — Also, too, with; indicates accompaniment or addition

ท่า

tha — Posture, manner, gesture; also a pier or dock

ทาง

thang — Way, path, direction toward a destination

ที่

thi — At, which, that; relative pronoun or location marker

มืด

muet — Dark, darkness; absence of light

มน

mon — Spell, magic charm; enchantment or mystical power

วุ่น

wun — Chaotic, confused, entangled in complexity

วาย

wai — To cease, end; chaotic (often paired with วุ่น)

และ

lae — And; connects words, phrases, or clauses together

ชั่ว

chua — Evil, wicked, bad in moral character

ร้าย

rai — Wicked, fierce, terrible; dangerous or harmful

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

ดู

du — To look, watch, observe something visually

ราว

rao — About, approximately; roughly a certain amount

กับ

kap — With, together with; connects nouns or phrases

ผุด

phut — To pop up, spring up suddenly from below

ขึ้น

khuen — To rise, go up; upward directional particle

จาก

chak — From, away from; indicates origin or departure

แดน

daen — Land, realm, territory, domain of a place

นรก

na-rok — Hell, the underworld; place of punishment after death

ใต้

tai — Under, below, beneath; southern direction in Thailand

ดิน

din — Earth, soil, ground; the material underfoot

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to, for the purpose of doing something

ฉุด

chut — To drag, pull forcefully toward oneself

เหยื่อ

yuea — Prey, victim, bait; someone targeted by another

กลับ

klap — To return, go back; reversal of a previous state

คืน

khuen — To return something; also means night or nighttime

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter; general classifier for things

ชาย

chai — Man, male; also means edge or shore

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently doing; also means strength or power

จะ

cha — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai

กระทำ

kra-tham — To commit, perform, carry out an action

ไม่

mai — Not, no; negation particle in Thai sentences

ว่า

wa — That; introduces reported speech or a clause

เป็น

pen — To be, to exist as; linking verb in Thai

เช่น

chen — Such as, for example; introduces examples or comparisons

ก็

ko — Also, then; conjunctive particle softening a statement

ตาม

tam — To follow, according to, in accordance with

พุ่ง

phung — To dart, lunge, shoot forward rapidly

ไป

pai — To go, move away; directional particle in Thai

ข้าง

khang — Side, beside, next to; lateral direction

หน้า

na — Front, face, next; forward direction or next page

คว้า

khwa — To grab, snatch at something quickly

แขน

khaen — Arm; the limb of the human body

บาท

bat — Thai currency unit; also a step or foot

หลวง

luang — Royal, grand, official; belonging to the state or king

ไว้

wai — To keep, retain, place for later; holds a state

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings

บ้า

ba — Crazy, mad, insane; wildly enthusiastic about something

หยุด

yut — To stop, halt, cease an action or movement

ก่อน

kon — Before, first, prior to something happening

เจตนา

chet-ta-na — Intention, purpose, deliberate aim behind an action

ท่าน

than — You (formal/respectful); honorific second-person pronoun

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is; defines or equates two things

อะไร

a-rai — What; interrogative pronoun asking for identification

กระซิบ

kra-sip — To whisper, speak very softly to someone

โบก

bok — To wave, signal with a sweeping hand gesture

มือ

mue — Hand; the part of the body at arm's end

ไล่

lai — To chase away, drive off, dismiss someone

หญิง

ying — Woman, female; the female gender in Thai

เด็ก

dek — Child, kid; a young person or minor

นี้

ni — This, these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each; indicating totality of a group

อย่าง

yang — Way, kind, type; manner in which something is done

ดี

di — Good, well, fine; positive quality or condition

อย่า

ya — Don't; negative imperative telling someone not to act

ทำ

tham — To do, make, perform an action or task

ให้

hai — To give, to cause; causative and benefactive particle

ชื่อ

chue — Name; the word by which someone is called

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, reputation; auditory sensation

มัว

mua — Blurry, dim, tarnished; unclear or sullied state

หมอง

mong — Dull, tarnished, sullied; loss of brightness or honor

พินาศ

phi-nat — Ruin, destruction, devastation of something completely

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns

ยศ

yot — Rank, title, honor, status in a hierarchy

เลย

loei — At all, so, already; intensifier or resultative particle

ข้า

kha — I, me (archaic/formal); also slave or servant

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates an ongoing or continuing state

สามารถ

sa-mat — Able to, capable of; expressing ability or capability

ช่วย

chuay — To help, assist, aid someone in need

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, take to a place or person

อับ

ap — Stuffy, disgraced; prefix for shame (in compounds)

อาย

ai — Ashamed, embarrassed; feeling of shame or shyness

สู่

su — Toward, to; indicates movement or direction to something

อาชีพ

a-chip — Profession, occupation, career, livelihood of a person

อัน

an — Classifier for small or general objects; relative particle

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sak-sit — Sacred, holy, divine; possessing spiritual power

ล่อ

lo — To lure, entice, bait into a trap

ลวง

luang — To deceive, trick, delude someone with false appearance

คิด

khit — To think, consider, reflect on something mentally

เจ้า

chao — You (informal/archaic); lord, master, or prince

สาย

sai — Late, thread, line; too late or a strand

เกิน

koen — Too much, exceeding, beyond a limit or measure

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then; marks completion of an action

ตอบ

top — To answer, reply, respond to a question

พลาง

phlang — While doing simultaneously; at the same time as

เผชิญ

pha-choen — To face, confront, encounter a challenge directly

ตา

ta — Eye; also maternal grandfather in Thai culture

หวาด

wat — Frightened, startled; showing fear or alarm

หวั่น

wan — To tremble with fear, be apprehensive or anxious

แต่

tae — But, however; introduces a contrasting clause

มั่น

man — Firm, steady, stable; unwavering in position or belief

คง

khong — Probably, still, likely; indicates presumed continuity

อำนาจ

am-nat — Power, authority, control over others or situations

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, the same as something else

เดิม

doem — Original, former, as before; the previous state

อีก

ik — More, again, another; additional quantity or repetition

ต่อ

to — To continue, connect, per; against or toward something

เหลือ

luea — To remain, be left over; surplus after use

พระเจ้า

phra-chao — God, Lord; supreme divine being in religious context

หลุด

lut — To come loose, slip free, escape from a hold

พ้น

phon — To be free from, beyond, past a danger

ตอน

ton — Part, section, episode; a period or chapter of time

ยื่น

yuen — To extend, hand over, reach out toward someone

หา

ha — To search for, seek, find something or someone

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; formal classifier for places or locations

อักษร

ak-son — Letter, character, script; written symbol of an alphabet

สี

si — Color; one of the four in Thai color vocabulary

แดง

daeng — Red; the color red in the Thai language

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, occasion, instance; classifier for occurrences

ร้อง

rong — To cry out, shout, sing, call loudly

จริงจัง

ching-chang — Seriously, earnestly, with genuine sincerity and intent

แหลม

laem — Sharp, pointed, acute; a cape or promontory geographically

คม

khom — Sharp-edged, keen; describes a blade or sharp wit

นาม

nam — Name, noun; a word designating a person or thing

พระองค์

phra-ong — He/She (royal pronoun); refers respectfully to royalty

ทรง

song — Royal auxiliary verb; to have, wear (used with royalty)

น่า

na — Should, ought to; makes adjectives into 'worth doing'

สะพรึง

sa-phrueng — To be terrified, awestruck with dread or horror

กลัว

klua — To fear, be afraid of someone or something

เปี่ยม

piam — Full to the brim, overflowing with a quality

เมตตา

met-ta — Loving kindness, compassion; benevolent goodwill toward others

ประทาน

pra-than — To grant, bestow (used for royalty or divine beings)

พระคุณ

phra-khun — Grace, kindness, virtue of a revered or sacred person

วาระ

wa-ra — Moment, occasion, time; a significant point in time

สุด

sut — Most, extreme, final; the utmost degree of something

ท้าย

thai — End, last, tail; the final part of something

ยับยั้ง

yap-yang — To restrain, hold back, suppress an impulse or action

เวลา

we-la — Time, period; a specific moment or duration

เจ็ด

chet — Seven; the number 7 in Thai

ปี

pi — Year; a period of twelve months

เพราะ

phro — Because, due to; introduces reason for something

บาป

bap — Sin, wrongdoing; morally wrong act or guilt

หนัก

nak — Heavy, severe, serious; great weight or burden

ทุกข์

thuk — Suffering, distress, sorrow; pain of existence in Buddhism

ทรมาน

tho-ra-man — To suffer, be tormented; prolonged pain or agony

แสน

saen — Extremely, one hundred thousand; intensifier of degree

สาหัส

sa-hat — Severe, serious, critical; dangerously bad condition

นี่

ni — This here; emphatic demonstrative for nearby objects

เดี๋ยวนี้

diao-ni — Right now, immediately; at this very moment

เถิด

thoet — Please do; particle urging or encouraging an action

โอบ

op — To embrace, wrap arms around someone tenderly

แข็งแกร่ง

khaeng-kraeng — Strong, robust, powerful; physically or mentally tough

รอบ

rop — Around, surrounding; a round or circuit of something

แหละ

lae — Indeed, exactly; emphasizing the preceding word or phrase

จง

chong — Let, shall; imperative particle urging an action

มัน

man — It, they (informal); third-person pronoun for non-humans

ถูก

thuk — Correct, cheap; passive marker indicating being acted upon

เจตจำนง

chet-cham-nong — Will, volition, determined intention behind an action

สังเวช

sang-wet — To feel compassionate pity, sorrowful sympathy for someone

ต้าน

tan — To resist, oppose, withstand a force or influence

ตน

ton — Oneself, self; reflexive pronoun referring to the subject

ปีศาจ

pi-sat — Devil, demon, evil spirit; supernatural malevolent being

พยุง

pha-yung — To support, prop up, hold steady from falling

บน

bon — On top of, above, upon a surface

นั่งร้าน

nang-ran — Scaffold, platform; temporary elevated structure for work

โน้น

non — That over there; demonstrative for distant objects