The Scarlet Letter — Page 349

Vocabulary

สำหรับ

sam-rap — Preposition meaning 'for' or 'intended for someone'

เจ้า

jao — You (informal); also a title for royalty or spirits

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses

ขอ

kho — To request, ask for, or beg something politely

ให้

hai — To give; also used as a causative or purposive marker

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state, identity, or existence

ไป

pai — To go; also indicates movement away from speaker

ตาม

tam — To follow; according to; in accordance with

พระ

phra — Sacred prefix for royalty, clergy, or holy objects

ประสงค์

pra-song — Desire, wish, or intention, often formal usage

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

พระเจ้า

phra-jao — God; a deity or supreme divine being

บาทหลวง

bat-luang — Catholic priest or Christian clergy member

กล่าว

klao — To say, state, or utter formally or officially

ทรง

song — Royal auxiliary verb indicating action by royalty

เมตตา

met-ta — Loving kindness, compassion, or mercy toward others

ข้าพเจ้า

kha-phra-jao — Formal first-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

ได้

dai — Can, could; also marks past tense or ability

กระทำ

kra-tham — To do, perform, or commit an act formally

ที่

thi — At, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker

พระองค์

phra-ong — Royal third-person pronoun referring to royalty or God

เปิดเผย

poet-phoei — To reveal, disclose, or make something known openly

เห็น

hen — To see or perceive visually something

แจ้ง

jaeng — To inform, notify, or make clear to someone

แล้ว

laeo — Already; indicates completed action or past event

เพราะว่า

phro-wa — Because; introduces a reason or cause clause

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently doing; present progressive aspect marker

จะ

ja — Will; future tense marker or expression of intent

สิ้นใจ

sin-jai — To die, breathe one's last, pass away

อยู่

yu — To be located; continuous aspect marker in Thai

ดังนั้น

dang-nan — Therefore, thus; indicates a logical conclusion

รีบ

rip — To hurry, rush, or do something quickly

รับ

rap — To receive, accept, or take something offered

เอา

ao — To take, get, or want something

ความ

khwam — Abstract noun prefix indicating a state or quality

อัปยศ

ap-pa-yot — Disgrace, shame, or humiliation suffered publicly

ตนเอง

ton-eng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to subject

เถิด

thoet — Particle urging action; 'go ahead' or 'please do'

โดย

doi — By, through, via; indicates means or agent

มี

mi — To have; there is/are; indicates existence

คอย

khoi — To wait for or stand by expecting something

ประคอง

pra-khong — To support, hold gently, or prop someone up

ส่วน

suan — Part, portion; also 'as for' in contrast clauses

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one or an indefinite article

จับ

jap — To grab, catch, or hold something firmly

มือ

mue — Hand; the human hand used for grasping

ข้าง

khang — Side, beside; indicating direction or lateral position

น้อย

noi — Little, few, small in quantity or size

ท่าน

than — Respectful second or third-person pronoun in Thai

หัน

han — To turn, rotate, or face a different direction

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; also 'toward' in certain contexts

ผู้

phu — Person who; prefix indicating a person or agent

ปกครอง

pok-khrong — To govern, rule, or administer over a territory

เกียรติ

kiat — Honor, prestige, or dignity of a person

น่า

na — Worth, deserving; prefix indicating worthiness or feeling

เคารพ

khao-rop — To respect, revere, or show deference toward someone

นับถือ

nap-thue — To respect, esteem, or hold someone in regard

นักบวช

nak-buat — Monk, priest, or ordained religious practitioner

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sak-sit — Sacred, holy, or having divine or magical power

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative clause connector in Thai

พี่น้อง

phi-nong — Siblings; brothers and sisters; fellow community members

ร่วม

ruam — Together, joint, shared, or in common with others

ศาสนา

sat-sa-na — Religion; a system of faith and worship

ผู้คน

phu-khon — People, folks, or a group of human beings

หัวใจ

hua-jai — Heart; the emotional or physical center of being

อัน

an — Classifier or relative particle; 'which is' something

ยิ่งใหญ่

ying-yai — Great, grand, magnificent, or impressively large

พวกเขา

phuak-khao — They, them; third-person plural pronoun in Thai

เต็ม

tem — Full, filled completely to capacity or with emotion

ด้วย

duai — With, also, too; indicates accompaniment or addition

สยดสยอง

sa-yot-sa-yong — Horrified, terrified; feeling extreme dread or horror

อย่าง

yang — In a manner of; kind or type of something

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at; to the extent of

ที่สุด

thi-sut — Most, extremely; superlative marker in Thai

แต่

tae — But, however; introduces a contrasting clause

ก็

ko — Also, then, well; discourse and connective particle

ล้น

lon — To overflow, be excessive, or spill over

เปี่ยม

piam — Brimming, full to the top with something

เห็นใจ

hen-jai — To sympathize, empathize, or feel sorry for someone

แสน

saen — Extremely, very much; one hundred thousand intensifier

เศร้า

sao — Sad, sorrowful, or feeling grief or melancholy

ราวกับ

rao-kap — As if, as though; used for comparison or simile

รับรู้

rap-ru — To perceive, acknowledge, or be aware of something

ว่า

wa — That; introduces a reported speech or thought clause

เรื่องราว

rueang-rao — Story, account, or narrative of events or experiences

ลึกซึ้ง

luek-sueng — Deep, profound, or emotionally moving and meaningful

ชีวิต

chi-wit — Life; one's existence or living experience

หาก

hak — If, in case; introduces a conditional clause

บาป

bap — Sin, wrongdoing, moral transgression in religious context

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thuk-tha-ra-man — To suffer greatly from pain, distress, or torment

สำนึกผิด

sam-nuek-phit — To feel remorse, regret, or guilt for wrongdoing

เช่น

chen — Such as, for example, like; introduces examples

เดียวกัน

diao-kan — The same; identical or alike in the same way

ถูก

thuk — To be correct; also passive voice marker in Thai

ดวงอาทิตย์

duang-a-thit — The sun; the star at the center of our solar system

เพิ่ง

phoeng — Just, just now; indicating a very recent action

ผ่านพ้น

phan-phon — To pass through or get past a point or time

เที่ยงวัน

thiang-wan — Noon, midday; twelve o'clock in the afternoon

มา

ma — To come; also marks movement toward the speaker

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just; limiting or restrictive adverb

เล็กน้อย

lek-noi — A little, slightly, a small amount of something

ส่อง

song — To shine, illuminate, or beam light onto something

แสง

saeng — Light, beam, or ray of illumination

ลง

long — Down; to descend or move downward in direction

ทำให้

tham-hai — To make, cause, or render something a certain way

รูปร่าง

rup-rang — Shape, figure, or physical form of a person

เด่น

den — Outstanding, prominent, or visually conspicuous

ชัด

chat — Clear, distinct, sharp, or easily perceived

ขึ้น

khuen — Up; to rise, increase, or move upward

ขณะ

kha-na — While, during, at the moment of something happening

ยืน

yuen — To stand; to be in an upright position

โดดเด่น

dot-den — To stand out, be distinguished, or remarkable among others

ออก

ok — To exit, go out, or emerge from somewhere

จาก

jak — From; indicates origin, separation, or starting point

ทั้งปวง

thang-puang — All, every single one, the entirety of something

บน

bon — On, above, on top of a surface or place

ผืน

phuen — Classifier for flat expanses like land or fabric

แผ่นดิน

phaen-din — Land, earth, ground; the surface of the earth

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to, for the purpose of doing something

สารภาพ

sa-ra-phap — To confess, admit guilt, or acknowledge wrongdoing openly

ความผิด

khwam-phit — Fault, guilt, wrongdoing, or criminal offense

ต่อ

to — Against, toward, in front of; connecting preposition

บัลลังก์

ban-lang — Throne; a ceremonial seat of royalty or authority

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; classifier for places or establishments

ยุติธรรม

yu-ti-tham — Justice, fairness, or impartiality in judgment

นิรันดร์

ni-ran — Eternal, everlasting, or lasting forever without end

ประชาชน

pra-cha-chon — Citizens, the public, or the general population

ร้อง

rong — To cry out, shout, sing, or make a vocal sound

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, noise; auditory perception

ดัง

dang — Loud, resounding; producing a strong audible sound

กังวาน

kang-wan — Resonant, ringing, or echoing sound that carries far

เหนือ

nuea — Above, over, north; higher position or direction

สูง

sung — Tall, high, elevated in position or degree

เคร่งขรึม

khreng-khreum — Solemn, stern, or grave in manner or expression

สั่นเครือ

san-khruea — Trembling, quavering; voice or body shaking with emotion

ปน

pon — Mixed with, blended, or mingled together

ตลอด

ta-lot — Throughout, all along, the entire duration of something

บางครั้ง

bang-khrang — Sometimes, occasionally, not always or regularly

กรีดร้อง

krit-rong — To scream, shriek, or cry out sharply in distress

ดิ้นรน

din-ron — To struggle, strive hard, or writhe in desperation

ห้วง

huang — Depth, abyss; a deep expanse of water or emotion

ลึก

luek — Deep in depth, profundity, or intensity

หา

ha — To seek, look for, or search for something

มิได้

mi-dai — Did not, cannot; formal negative of past ability

โศกเศร้า

sok-sao — Grieving, sorrowful, deeply sad or mournful

พวก

phuak — Group of people; a gang or collective pronoun prefix

รัก

rak — To love; feeling deep affection for someone

เชื่อ

chuea — To believe, trust, or have faith in something

คน

khon — Person, human being; classifier for people

จง

jong — Imperative particle urging action; 'shall' or 'must'

มองดู

mong-du — To look at, gaze upon, or observe carefully

ที่นี่

thi-ni — Here, at this place or location

เดียว

diao — Single, alone, only one; by oneself

โลก

lok — World, earth, or the universe at large

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a space or context