The Scarlet Letter — Page 359

Vocabulary

แต่

tàe — But; however; used to contrast two clauses

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix indicating abstract concept or state

ลังเล

lang-leh — To hesitate; to be uncertain or indecisive

ของ

khǎawng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

เธอ

thooe — She; her; informal second or third person pronoun

นั้น

nán — That; those; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

เกิด

gòoet — To be born; to occur; to happen

ขึ้น

khûen — To rise; up; directional particle indicating upward movement

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just; indicating a small amount

ชั่ว

chûua — Evil; wicked; also used in time expressions meaning 'for a moment'

ขณะ

khà-nà — Moment; instant; while; at the time of

แม้

máae — Even though; although; despite; concessive conjunction

นาน

naan — Long; for a long time; duration

พอ

phaaw — Enough; sufficient; just as; when

ที่

thîi — At; place; relative pronoun; classifier for places

จะ

jà — Will; shall; future tense marker

เผย

phooei — To reveal; to disclose; to expose something hidden

ให้

hâi — To give; to allow; causative and benefactive particle

เห็น

hěn — To see; to notice; to perceive visually

อักษร

àk-sǎawn — Letter; character; written symbol of an alphabet

สี

sǐi — Color; hue; also the number four

แดง

daeng — Red; the color red

เข้ม

khêm — Dark; deep; intense; strong in color or flavor

บน

bon — On; above; on top of

อก

òk — Chest; breast; the front of the torso

ภาพประกอบ

phâap-pràkàawp — Illustration; accompanying image or picture

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes; act of

กลับมา

glàp-maa — To come back; to return to a previous place

และ

láe — And; also; connecting words or clauses

ได้

dâai — Can; could; to get; past tense or ability marker

แล้ว

láaeo — Already; then; completion marker for past actions

รับ

ráp — To receive; to accept; to take something given

เอา

ao — To take; to get; informal verb meaning to obtain

อับอาย

àp-aai — Ashamed; embarrassed; feeling shame or disgrace

ละทิ้ง

lá-thíng — To abandon; to desert; to leave something behind

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward speaker

กลับ

glàp — To return; to go back; to reverse direction

คืน

khuuen — To return something; night; to give back

น้อย

náawy — Little; few; small in amount or degree

อยู่

yùu — To be; to stay; to live; progressive aspect marker

ไหน

nǎi — Where; which; interrogative word for location or choice

เล่า

lâo — Question particle seeking information or confirmation; to tell

หาก

hàak — If; in the event that; conditional conjunction

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; also; indicating ongoing state or action

มี

mii — To have; there is; there are; to exist

ชีวิต

chii-wít — Life; existence; one's living being

คง

khong — Probably; likely; still; indicating probability or persistence

ใน

nai — In; inside; within; preposition of location

วัย

wai — Age; era of life; stage of life such as youth

สาว

sǎao — Young woman; girl; maiden

กำลัง

gamlang — Currently; in the process of; progressive aspect marker

เบ่งบาน

bèng-baan — To bloom; to blossom; to flourish fully

สดใส

sòt-sǎi — Bright; radiant; cheerful and lively in appearance

ยาม

yaam — Time; period; watch; at the time of

นี้

níi — This; these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby objects

ไม่

mâi — No; not; negation particle for present and future

ใคร

khrai — Who; anyone; someone; interrogative and indefinite pronoun

รู้

rúu — To know; to be aware of; to understand

เคย

khooei — Ever; used to; have done before; past experience marker

อย่าง

yàang — Way; manner; type; adverbial modifier meaning 'in a way'

แน่ชัด

nâe-chát — Clearly; definitely; with certainty and clarity

สมบูรณ์

sǒm-buun — Complete; perfect; fully developed or whole

ว่า

wâa — That; to say; complementizer introducing reported speech

เด็ก

dèk — Child; kid; young person

ผู้

phûu — Person; one who; nominalizing prefix for people

ดุจ

dùt — Like; as if; resembling; literary comparison word

นางฟ้า

naang-fáa — Angel; fairy; heavenly female being

จากไป

jàak-pai — To depart; to go away; to leave permanently

สู่

sùu — To; toward; into; preposition of direction

หลุมฝังศพ

lǔm-fang-sòp — Grave; burial pit where a corpse is interred

หญิง

yǐng — Woman; female; feminine

พรหมจรรย์

phrom-má-jan — Chastity; virginity; celibate purity

ก่อน

gàawn — Before; prior to; first; earlier in time

อัน

an — Classifier for various objects; which; that; a thing

ควร

khuuan — Should; ought to; appropriate; proper

หรือ

rǔue — Or; question particle at end of yes-no questions

นิสัย

ní-sǎi — Habit; character; personality trait; disposition

เถื่อน

thùuean — Wild; savage; untamed; uncivilized in behavior

เต็มเปี่ยม

tem-pìam — Full to the brim; completely filled; brimming

ถูก

thùuk — Cheap; correct; to be acted upon; passive marker

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action

อ่อน

àawn — Soft; gentle; tender; mild in nature

ลง

long — Down; to decrease; directional particle indicating downward movement

สงบ

sà-ngòp — Calm; peaceful; quiet; tranquil

จน

jon — Until; so much that; poor; resulting in

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — Can; able to; capable of doing something

สัมผัส

sǎm-phàt — To touch; to sense; to feel through contact

ความสุข

khwaam-sùk — Happiness; joy; a state of contentment

อ่อนโยน

àawn-yoon — Gentle; tender; kind and soft in manner

สตรี

sà-trii — Woman; female; formal word for a woman

ตลอด

tà-lòot — Throughout; all along; the entire duration

ช่วง

chûuang — Period; span; section; interval of time or space

เหลือ

lǔuea — To remain; left over; to have remaining

สัญญาณ

sǎn-yaan — Signal; sign; indication; a communicating marker

บ่งชี้

bòng-chíi — To indicate; to point to; to suggest evidence

แห่ง

hàeng — Of; at; classifier for places and locations

เป็น

pen — To be; to become; used as linking verb

รัก

rák — To love; love; affection for someone

สนใจ

sǒn-jai — To be interested in; to pay attention to

อยู่อาศัย

yùu-aa-sǎi — To reside; to live in a place; to dwell

แผ่นดิน

phàen-din — Land; earth; territory; a country or region

อื่น

ùuen — Other; another; different; else

จดหมาย

jòt-mǎai — Letter; written correspondence sent to someone

ส่งมา

sòng-maa — To send here; to dispatch something to this place

ประทับ

prà-tháp — To stamp; to reside (royally); to imprint a seal

ตรา

traa — Seal; stamp; emblem; official mark or symbol

ลาย

laai — Pattern; design; stripe; decorative marking

รู้จัก

rúu-jàk — To know; to be acquainted with someone or something

วิชา

wí-chaa — Subject; field of knowledge; academic discipline

ตราสัญลักษณ์

traa-sǎn-yá-lák — Logo; symbolic emblem; official identifying symbol

อังกฤษ

ang-grìt — England; English; relating to Britain or English language

กระท่อม

grà-thâawm — Hut; cottage; small simple dwelling

ใช้

chái — To use; to employ; to utilize something

เพื่อ

phûuea — For; in order to; for the purpose of

สะดวกสบาย

sà-dùuak-sà-baai — Comfortable; convenient; at ease and relaxed

หรูหรา

rǔu-rǎa — Luxurious; lavish; grand and extravagant

ใส่ใจ

sài-jai — To care about; to pay attention; to be mindful

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; object; matter; an item or concept

มั่งคั่ง

mâng-khâng — Wealthy; prosperous; rich in money or resources

เท่านั้น

thâo-nán — Only; just that; nothing more than

ซื้อหา

súue-hǎa — To purchase; to buy and acquire goods

นึกคิด

núek-khít — To think; to ponder; to reflect on something

เล็กน้อย

lék-náawy — A little; slightly; a small amount

เช่นกัน

chên-gan — Likewise; also; the same; similarly

เครื่องประดับ

khrûuang-prà-dàp — Jewelry; ornament; decorative accessory worn on body

ชิ้น

chín — Piece; classifier for pieces or items of objects

เล็กๆ

lék-lék — Very small; tiny; miniature in size

สัญลักษณ์

sǎn-yá-lák — Symbol; sign; emblem representing something else

งาม

ngaam — Beautiful; lovely; graceful; attractive in appearance

รำลึก

ram-léuk — To recall; to commemorate; to remember fondly

ถึง

thǔeng — To; until; to reach; arriving at a destination

กัน

gan — Together; each other; mutual; reciprocal particle

ต่อเนื่อง

tàaw-nûuang — Continuous; ongoing; without interruption; sequential

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which; that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

สร้างสรรค์

sâang-sǎn — Creative; constructive; producing original and imaginative work

ด้วย

dûuai — Also; with; by means of; too; additionally

นิ้วมือ

níu-muue — Finger; the digits of the hand

ละเอียดอ่อน

lá-ìat-àawn — Delicate; subtle; fine and sensitive in nature

ภายใต้

phaai-tâi — Under; beneath; subject to a condition or rule

แรงบันดาลใจ

raeng-ban-daan-jai — Inspiration; motivating force that drives creativity

จาก

jàak — From; away from; originating at a point

หัวใจ

hǔua-jai — Heart; the organ; also used for emotions and feelings

เปี่ยม

pìam — Full; brimming; overflowing with something

ครั้งหนึ่ง

khráng-nùeng — Once; one time; at some point in the past

ปัก

pàk — To embroider; to stitch; to stick into something

เสื้อผ้า

sûuea-phâa — Clothes; clothing; garments worn on the body

ทารก

thaa-rók — Baby; infant; a very young child

ลวดลาย

lûuat-laai — Pattern; decorative design; intricate ornamental motif

ทอง

thaawng — Gold; golden; the precious yellow metal

ฟุ่มเฟือย

fûm-fùuai — Extravagant; wasteful; lavish in spending or use

อาจ

àat — Might; may; perhaps; expressing possibility

ก่อ

gàaw — To cause; to create; to build up trouble or structure

วุ่นวาย

wûn-waai — Chaotic; turbulent; disorderly and troublesome

หมู่

mùu — Group; cluster; community; classifier for groups

ชน

chon — People; folk; to collide; a group or ethnic people

ใด

dai — Any; which; whatever; indefinite or interrogative pronoun

สวมใส่

suuam-sài — To wear; to put on clothing or accessories

ชุด

chút — Set; outfit; uniform; a complete set of clothes

เช่น

chên — Such as; for example; like; giving examples

ออก

àawk — To exit; out; to go out; directional particle outward

ชุมชน

chum-chon — Community; neighborhood; a group living together

เคร่งขรึม

khrêng-khrǔem — Stern; solemn; serious and austere in manner

เรา

rao — We; us; I; first person pronoun singular or plural

กล่าว

glàao — To say; to state; to mention formally

โดย

dooi — By; through; by means of; indicating agent or method

สรุป

sà-rùp — To summarize; to conclude; in summary

บรรดา

ban-daa — All; various; the collective group of people or things

นัก

nák — Expert; one who does; intensifier meaning very much

นินทา

nin-thaa — To gossip; to talk behind someone's back; slander

ยุค

yúk — Era; age; epoch; a historical period of time

เชื่อ

chûuea — To believe; to trust; to have faith in

นาย

naai — Mister; master; male title; employer or boss