The Souls of Black Folk — Page 13

Vocabulary

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals in a group.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject.

その

sono — That; refers to something previously mentioned.

影

kage — Shadow; shade; hidden or dark aspect.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

偏見

henken — Prejudice; biased or unfair preconceived opinion.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle in Japanese.

呼び

yobi — Calling; naming something or someone.

それ

sore — That; refers to something near the listener.

文化

bunka — Culture; the customs and arts of a society.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

野蛮

yaban — Barbarism; savage or uncivilized behavior.

に

ni — Direction, location, or purpose particle.

対する

taisuru — To face; to be directed toward something.

学識

gakushiki — Scholarship; deep academic knowledge and learning.

無知

muchi — Ignorance; lack of knowledge or awareness.

純潔

junketsu — Purity; moral or physical cleanliness and chastity.

犯罪

hanzai — Crime; illegal act punishable by law.

上位

joi — Superior rank; higher position in a hierarchy.

人種

jinshu — Race; classification of humans by ethnicity.

下位

kai — Inferior rank; lower position in a hierarchy.

自然

shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without artificial influence.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

防衛

bouei — Defense; protecting oneself or a group from threat.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or cause.

ある

aru — To be; to exist (for inanimate things).

博学

hakugaku — Erudition; being widely and deeply learned.

ぶって

butte — Pretending to be; acting as if one possesses quality.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

説明

setsumei — Explanation; making something clear or understandable.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

これ

kore — This; refers to something close to the speaker.

対し

taishi — Against; in contrast or response to something.

黒人

kokujin — Black person; person of African descent.

叫び

sakebi — Cry; shout; a loud vocalization of emotion.

この

kono — This; modifies a noun close to the speaker.

奇妙

kimyou — Strange; peculiar; unusual in a curious way.

うち

uchi — Within; inside; among a group or timeframe.

文明

bunmei — Civilization; advanced state of human society.

正義

seigi — Justice; fairness and moral rightness in society.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting two statements.

進歩

shinpo — Progress; advancement toward a better state.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.

正当

seitou — Legitimate; rightful; justified by reason or law.

敬意

keii — Respect; reverence shown toward someone.

基づく

motozuku — To be based on; to be grounded in something.

部分

bubun — Part; portion; a section of a whole.

ついて

tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic.

謙虚

kenkyo — Humble; modest in attitude and behavior.

頭

atama — Head; the uppermost part of the body.

垂れ

tare — Hanging down; drooping; bowing one's head.

おとなしく

otonashiku — Quietly; meekly; behaving in a gentle, docile manner.

従う

shitagau — To obey; to follow orders or instructions.

誓う

chikau — To vow; to swear a solemn promise.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; introduces a contrasting statement.

これら

korera — These; plural form of 'this' in Japanese.

すべて

subete — All; everything; without exception.

超え

koe — Exceeding; going beyond a limit or boundary.

出る

deru — To go out; to emerge; to appear.

あの

ano — That (over there); refers to distant or known thing.

名

na — Name; reputation; title given to a person.

も

mo — Also; even; too; inclusive particle in Japanese.

なき

naki — Without; lacking; non-existent (literary form).

前

mae — Before; in front of; prior to something.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

無力

muryoku — Powerless; helpless; lacking strength or ability.

狼狽

roubai — Confusion; panic; being flustered and disoriented.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb ending connecting multiple actions.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; nearly; for the most part.

言葉

kotoba — Words; language; spoken or written expression.

失っ

ushinatte — Having lost; being deprived of something.

立ち尽くす

tachitsukusu — To stand still; to be rooted to the spot.

個人

kojin — Individual; a single person as distinct entity.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like' or '-related to'.

侮辱

bujoku — Insult; humiliation; treating someone with contempt.

嘲り

azakeri — Mockery; ridicule; scornful laughter at someone.

あざけり

azakeri — Derision; sneering contempt directed at a person.

組織

soshiki — Organization; structured group working toward a goal.

屈辱

kutsujoku — Humiliation; degrading treatment causing deep shame.

事実

jijitsu — Fact; truth; something that actually happened.

歪曲

waikyoku — Distortion; twisting facts to misrepresent truth.

恣意

shii — Arbitrariness; acting on personal whim without reason.

想像

souzou — Imagination; forming mental images of things.

良い

yoi — Good; positive; favorable in quality or character.

もの

mono — Thing; object; something tangible or abstract.

冷笑

reishou — Sneer; cold contemptuous laughter at someone.

無視

mushi — Ignoring; disregarding; paying no attention to.

悪い

warui — Bad; negative; unfavorable in quality or morality.

騒々しく

sawagashiku — Noisily; loudly; in a boisterous, clamorous manner.

歓迎

kangei — Welcome; reception; greeting someone with enthusiasm.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizing abstract actions or states.

から

kara — From; because; starting point or causal particle.

悪魔

akuma — Devil; demon; evil supernatural being.

至る

itaru — To reach; to extend to; to arrive at.

まで

made — Until; up to; indicating a limit or endpoint.

黒

kuro — Black; the darkest color, absence of light.

関する

kansuru — To relate to; to concern; to be about.

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all kinds of; without exception.

蔑視

besshi — Contempt; looking down on someone with scorn.

植え付けよう

uetsukeyou — Let us instill; attempting to implant ideas deeply.

遍く

amaneku — Universally; everywhere; throughout all places.

浸透

shintou — Permeation; spreading deeply into something.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb in Japanese.

欲望

yokubou — Desire; craving; strong want for something.

落胆

rakutan — Disappointment; discouragement; feeling let down.

という

toiu — Called; known as; used to name or define.

知らぬ

shiranu — Not knowing; unaware; ignorant of something (classical).

黒い

kuroi — Black; dark-colored; adjective form of black.

群れ

mure — Crowd; flock; group of beings gathered together.

除い

nozoite — Excluding; except for; leaving out.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any; whatever; no matter what kind.

民族

minzoku — Ethnic group; people sharing culture and heritage.

武装

busou — Armed; equipped with weapons for conflict.

解除

kaijo — Disarmament; removal or cancellation of something.

意気

iki — Spirit; morale; vigor and enthusiasm of a person.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; also a filler word.

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary verb; to make someone do.

あろう

arou — Probably is; volitional or speculative form of ある.

むかつく

mukatsuku — To feel sick; to be nauseated or disgusted.

よう

you — Seems like; as if; indicating resemblance or purpose.

絶望

zetsubou — Despair; complete loss of hope or optimism.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also means 'but'.

湧き上がる

wakiagaru — To well up; to surge up from within.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; about; approximately.

広大

koudai — Vast; immense; very large in scale or scope.

直面

chokumen — Confronting; facing directly a difficult situation.

抑圧

yokuatsu — Oppression; suppression; forcefully restraining people.

常に

tsuneni — Always; constantly; at all times without exception.

伴い

tomonai — Accompanied by; together with something else.

侮蔑

bubetsu — Contempt; disdain; treating someone as inferior.

憎悪

zouo — Hatred; intense feeling of strong dislike.

雰囲気

funiki — Atmosphere; mood; the feeling of an environment.

中

naka — Inside; in the middle of; among.

育つ

sodatsu — To grow up; to be raised in an environment.

避け

sake — Avoiding; evading; keeping away from something.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not; is not.

自己

jiko — Self; oneself; one's own identity or being.

疑念

ginen — Doubt; suspicion; a feeling of uncertainty.

卑下

hige — Self-deprecation; belittling oneself or others.

理想

risou — Ideal; a perfect standard or aspiration.

低下

teika — Decline; decrease; lowering of level or quality.

もたらさ

motarasa — Bringing about; causing something to occur.

得

e — Can; be able to; obtaining the ability (literary).

なかっ

nakatte — Was not; negative past tense connector.

囁き

sasayaki — Whisper; soft quiet speech close to someone.

予兆

yochou — Omen; forewarning; sign of something to come.

四方

shihou — All four directions; everywhere around.

風

kaze — Wind; breeze; air in natural motion.

乗っ

notte — Riding on; being carried by something.

届い

todoite — Having arrived; reached its destination.

見よ

miyo — Look! Behold! Imperative command to look.

我々

wareware — We; us; first-person plural formal pronoun.

病ん

yande — Being ill; suffering from sickness or affliction.

死に

shini — Dying; heading toward death.

かけ

kake — On the verge of; in the middle of doing.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings).

暗い

kurai — Dark; dim; gloomy in light or mood.

群衆

gunshuu — Crowd; mob; large gathering of people.

叫ん

sakende — Shouting; crying out loudly.

だ

da — Copula; is; informal form of です.

字

ji — Letter; character; written symbol.

書け

kake — Write! Imperative command to write something.

投票

touhyou — Voting; casting a ballot in an election.

無駄

muda — Waste; futile; serving no useful purpose.

料理

ryouri — Cooking; cuisine; preparing food.

給仕

kyuuji — Serving food; waiter; one who serves at table.

なけれ

nakere — Must; conditional negative requiring necessity.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

なら

nara — If it is; conditional particle for hypotheticals.

教育

kyouiku — Education; systematic instruction and schooling.

など

nado — Etc.; and so on; listing examples loosely.

何

nani — What; which; interrogative pronoun.

必要

hitsuyou — Necessary; needed; required for a purpose.

か

ka — Question particle ending an interrogative sentence.

国家

kokka — Nation; state; a politically organized country.

批判

hihan — Criticism; critique; negative evaluation of something.

反響

hankyou — Echo; reverberation; resonating response to something.

せ

se — Causative verb stem; making or letting someone do.

強化

kyouka — Strengthening; reinforcement; making something stronger.

こう

kou — This way; like this; in such a manner.

言っ

itte — Saying; having said something.

召使い

meshitsukai — Servant; domestic worker employed in a household.

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction; contentment; being pleased with something.

せよ

seyo — Do it! Be it! Classical imperative command form.

以上

ijou — More than; beyond; above a certain level.

求める

motomeru — To seek; to demand; to desire something earnestly.

半人前

han'ninmae — Half-baked; not yet fully capable or developed.

者

mono — Person; one who does or belongs to something.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

高等

koutou — Advanced; higher-level; superior in grade or quality.