The Souls of Black Folk — Page 7

Vocabulary

ထိုသို့

hto.hso. — in that way, thus, like that

ဆိုလျှင်

so.lhyin — if one says, if that is the case

သူ

thu — he, she, that person (third person pronoun)

၏

e — possessive or linking particle (of, 's)

ကြိုးပမ်း

kyo.pan: — to strive, make effort, try hard

အားထုတ်

a:htoat — to exert effort, apply energy, strive

မှု

hmu — nominalizing suffix indicating action or affair

အဆုံးသတ်

a.houn:thaat — ending, conclusion, final result

သည်

thi — present tense or topic marker particle

ဤသို့

i.hso. — in this way, like this, thus

တည်း

te: — only, alone; also a restrictive particle

ယဉ်ကျေးမှု

yin.kje:hmu — culture, civilization, cultural practices

နိုင်ငံတော်

naing.ngan.daw — the state, nation (formal or royal term)

၌

hnait — locative particle meaning at, in, within

ပူးပေါင်း

pu:paung: — to cooperate, join together, collaborate

ဆောင်ရွက်

hsaung.ywet — to carry out, perform, undertake a task

တစ်ဦး

tit.u: — one person, a single individual

ဖြစ်ရန်

pfyit.yan — in order to become, so as to be

သေခြင်း

the.chin: — death, the act of dying

နှင့်

hnin. — and, with, together with (conjunction)

တစ်ဦးတည်း

tit.u:.te: — alone, by oneself, just one person

ဆီးကန့်

hsi:gan. — to block, obstruct, hinder someone's path

ခြင်း

chin: — nominalizing suffix for verbs and adjectives

တို့

to. — plural marker for nouns and pronouns

မှ

hma — from, since; ablative or source particle

လွတ်မြောက်

lwat.mjout — to escape, be free, get released

ရန်

yan — in order to, for the purpose of

မိမိ

mi.mi. — oneself, one's own (reflexive pronoun)

အကောင်းဆုံး

a.kaung:hsoun: — the best, the most excellent

စွမ်းအား

swan:a: — power, capability, strength, capacity

များ

mja: — plural marker; many, a lot

ဝှက်ထား

hwaik.hta: — to hide, conceal, keep secret

သော

dhaw — relative clause particle (that, which, who)

ပါရမီ

pa.ya.mi — spiritual merit, innate virtue, perfection

ကို

ko — object marker particle (direct object)

ထိန်းသိမ်း

htain:theim: — to preserve, maintain, keep under control

ကာ

ka — while doing, and then (sequential particle)

အသုံးချ

a.thoun:hca — to make use of, utilize, apply

ဖြစ်သည်

pfyit.thi — is, am, are (to be, present tense)

ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ

ko.khan.da — physical body, the human body

စိတ်

seit — mind, heart, feeling, thought

ဤ

i. — this (formal demonstrative pronoun)

အတိတ်

a.teit — the past, former times

ကာလ

ka.la — time, period, era, age

တွင်

twin — in, at, within (locative particle)

ထူးဆန်းစွာ

htu:hsan:zwa — strangely, remarkably, in an unusual way

ဖြုန်းတီး

pfoun:ti: — to waste, squander, use carelessly

ခံရ

khan.ya — to receive, suffer, undergo, experience

ကွဲပြား

kwe.pja: — to differ, be distinct, vary

သို့မဟုတ်

hso.mahout — or, otherwise, alternatively

မေ့လျော့

me.ljau. — to forget, overlook, neglect

ကြုံတွေ့

kjoun.twe. — to encounter, come across, experience

ခဲ့

khe. — past tense auxiliary particle (did, have done)

ရ

ya — to get, obtain; potential particle (can)

ကြီးမားခမ်းနားသော

kji:ma:khan:na:dhaw — grand, magnificent, great and splendid

အရိပ်

a.yeit — shadow, shade, reflection

မှောင်မိုက်

hmaung.mite — darkness, gloom, obscurity

စဖင့်ခြင်း

za.pfin.chin: — beginning, starting, commencement

ဒဏ္ဍာရီ

dan.da.yi — legend, myth, traditional story

အတွင်း

a.twin: — inside, within, during a period

လျှောက်သွား

ljout.thwa: — to walk, go on foot

နေ

ne — to live, stay, be (continuative verb)

သမိုင်း

tha.maing: — history, historical record

တစ်လျှောက်

tit.ljout — throughout, along, all the way

တစ်ဦးချင်းသော

tit.u:.chin:dhaw — individual, each and every person

မည်းမဲ

mji:me — black, dark-colored (skin or object)

ကျဆင်း

kja.hsin: — to decline, fall, descend, deteriorate

ကြယ်တာရာ

kje.ta.ya — stars, celestial bodies, star constellation

ကဲ့သို့

ke.hso. — like, similar to, just as

နေရာ

ne.ya — place, location, position, spot

ထို

hto. — that (demonstrative adjective/pronoun)

ကြယ်ပြက်

kje.pyet — shooting star, meteor, fleeting star

ကမ္ဘာကြီး

kamba.kji: — the great world, the earth, universe

က

ka — subject marker or agent particle

သူတို့

thu.to. — they, them (third person plural)

တောက်ပ

tout.pa — to shine, glow, be bright and radiant

မှန်မှန်ကန်ကန်

hman.hman.kan.kan. — correctly, properly, accurately, rightly

တိုင်းတာ

tain:ta — to measure, assess, evaluate

မသိ

ma.thi — not knowing, ignorant, unaware

မီ

mi — before, in time to catch up with

တစ်ခါတစ်ရံ

tit.kha.tit.yan — sometimes, occasionally, now and then

ပျောက်ကွယ်

pjout.kwe — to disappear, vanish, become lost

သွား

thwa: — to go; also directional particle (away)

ကြ

kja — plural verb particle indicating group action

အမေရိက

a.me.yi.ka — America, the United States of America

ချိန်

chain — time, moment; to aim, weigh

စ၍

za.yi — starting from, beginning with, since

ကာလတို

ka.la.to — short period, brief time span

ကြာ

kja — to take time, be long, duration

နေ့ရက်

ne.yet — day, date, days and dates

တွန့်ဆုတ်

twun.hsout — to shrink back, hesitate, retreat timidly

သံသယ

than.tha.ya — doubt, suspicion, uncertainty

ဖြင့်

pfyin. — by means of, with, using (instrumental particle)

ရင်း

yin: — while, by doing; also origin or source

ဘက်

bet — side, direction, toward

လှည့်ပတ်

hlje.pat — to go around, revolve, circle, roam

မကြာခဏ

ma.kja.khan — often, frequently, many times

အင်အား

in.a: — strength, power, force, capacity

ထိရောက်

hti.yout — effective, efficient, impactful

ဆုံးရှုံး

hsoun:shoun: — to lose, suffer loss, be defeated

စေ

ze — causative particle; to cause, make someone do

ကင်းမဲ့

kin:me. — lacking, devoid of, without

သ

tha — emphatic or completive verb particle

အားနည်း

a:ni: — weak, lacking strength, feeble

ထင်ပေါ်

htin.pau — to be famous, prominent, well-known

သို့သော်

hso.dhaw — however, but, nevertheless, yet

၎င်း

din.gi: — that (formal pronoun), it, he/she (written)

အားနည်းချက်

a:ni:chet — weakness, shortcoming, flaw

မဟုတ်

mahout — is not, are not, negation of to be

ပေ

pe — emphatic or confirmatory sentence particle

နှစ်ဆ

hnit.hsa — double, twice as much

မျှော်မှန်းချက်

mjau.hman:chet — aspiration, expectation, hope, vision

ဆန့်ကျင်

hsan.jin — to oppose, resist, go against

ကွဲလွဲ

kwe.lwe — to differ, diverge, misunderstand, disagree

ပင်

pin — even, indeed, just (emphatic particle)

ဖြစ်

pfyit — to be, become, happen, occur

လက်သမား

let.tha.ma: — carpenter, craftsman who works with wood

နှစ်လမ်းသွား

hnit.lan:thwa: — two-way, going in two directions

တစ်ဖက်

tit.pfet — one side, the other side, one direction

သစ်ထင်း

thit.htin: — firewood, cut wood for burning

ခုတ်

hkout — to chop, cut, hack with a blade

ရေ

ye — water; also used as a question particle

သယ်

the — to carry, transport, bear a load

လူမျိုး

lu.mjo: — race, ethnic group, nationality

သာ

tha — only, just, merely (restrictive particle)

ဟု

hu — quotative particle meaning 'saying that'

ဖြူ

pfju — white, pale, light-colored

ထိရှ

hti.sha — to touch and graze, to wound slightly

နာပေး

na.pe: — to listen attentively, give one's ear

အခြား

a.hkja: — other, another, different

ဆင်းရဲ

hsin:ye — poor, impoverished, in poverty

နွမ်းပါး

nwan:pa: — destitute, very poor, impoverished

လူ

lu — person, human being, people

အုပ်ကြီး

out.kji: — large group, big crowd, large flock

အတွက်

a.twet — for, for the sake of, because of

ထွန်ယက်

htwan.yet — to plow, till the land, cultivate

သံမှို

than.hmo — iron spike, nail, metal stake

သွင်း

thwin: — to insert, put into, introduce

တူးဆွ

tu:hzwa — to dig, excavate, mine

သူ့

thu. — his, her, belonging to that person

ကျွမ်းကျင်

kjwan:kjin — skilled, expert, proficient, experienced

နိမ့်

nain. — low, short in height, inferior

ဆရာသမား

hsaya.tha.ma: — teacher, master, professional person

ရုံ

yon — only, just, merely; also a hall or building

မျှ

hmja — only, as much as, equally (equalizing particle)

ရလဒ်

ya.lat — result, outcome, consequence

နိုင်

naing — to be able to, can; to win, defeat

အကြောင်း

a.kjoun: — reason, cause, matter, topic, about

မှာ

hma — at, in; also used to give instructions

မည်သည့်

mji.thi. — whichever, whatever, any (interrogative)

ရည်ရွယ်ချက်

yi.ywe.chet — purpose, intention, aim, objective

မဆို

ma.hso — whatever, regardless, any at all

တစ်ဝက်

tit.wet — half, one half of something

နှလုံး

hna.loun: — heart (physical organ or metaphorical)

ရှိ

shi. — to exist, have, be present, there is

ကြောင့်

kjoun. — because of, due to, owing to

မွဲတေ

mwe.te — very poor, destitute, penniless

နားမလည်

na:ma.le — to not understand, fail to comprehend

ဘုန်းတော်ကြီး

phoun:daw.kji: — Buddhist monk, venerable senior monk

ဆရာဝန်

hsaya.wan — doctor, physician, medical practitioner

လိမ်ညာ

lein.nja — to lie, deceive, tell falsehoods

ဆေးကုသ

hse:ku.tha — to treat medically, cure, give therapy

လူထု

lu.htu — the public, the masses, common people

လှည့်ဖျား

hlje.pfja: — to deceive, trick, mislead, swindle

စကားပြောဆိုမှု

za.ga:pjaw.hso.hmu — conversation, speaking, verbal communication

ဆီသို့

hsi.hso. — toward, in the direction of

ဆွဲဆောင်

hzwe.hsaung — to attract, draw in, appeal to

ပြီး

pji: — after completing, already done, finished

ကမ္ဘာ

kamba — world, earth, the globe

ဝေဖန်

we.pfan — to criticize, evaluate, give critique

နိမ့်ကျ

nain.kja — to fall low, decline, degrade, deteriorate

တာဝန်ဝတ္တရား

ta.wan.wat.ta.ya: — duty, responsibility, obligation

ရှက်ကြောက်

shet.kjout — ashamed and afraid, timid, embarrassed

စံပြ

san.pja — model, exemplary, ideal example

ပုံစံ

poun.san — form, format, pattern, model, style