The Thousand and One Nights, Vol. I.: Commonly Called the Arabian Nights' Entertainments — Page 10

Vocabulary

ơi

ơi — Hey; used to address someone directly

mọi

mọi — Every, all; referring to each individual thing

thứ

thứ — Thing; also used as ordinal number marker

ở

ở — At, in; indicates location or residence

phương

phương — Direction, region; compass point or area

Đông

Đông — East; one of the four cardinal directions

đã

đã — Past tense marker; indicates completed action

thay

thay — To replace, change; substitute one thing for another

đổi

đổi — To change, exchange; alter or transform something

và

và — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

mỗi

mỗi — Each, every; referring to individual items separately

ngày

ngày — Day; a 24-hour period of time

đều

đều — All, equally; applies uniformly to everything mentioned

chứng

chứng — To witness, to testify; observe as evidence

kiến

kiến — To see, witness; paired with chứng meaning to witness

sự

sự — Nominalizer; turns verbs or adjectives into nouns

suy

suy — To decline, weaken; deteriorate over time

tàn

tàn — To decay, wither; fade away or become ruins

của

của — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

một

một — One; the number one or indefinite article

phong

phong — Custom, style; manner or tradition

tục

tục — Custom, tradition; established cultural practice

cũ

cũ — Old, former; no longer new or current

nào

nào — Which, some; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

đó

đó — That, there; demonstrative pointing to something

để

để — In order to; purpose conjunction or to place

rồi

rồi — Then, already; indicates sequence or completion

bị

bị — Passive marker indicating negative or unfavorable action

thế

thế — To replace, substitute; take the place of something

bởi

bởi — By, because of; indicates cause or agent

bắt

bắt — To catch, to begin; initiate or seize something

chước

chước — To imitate, copy; mimic another's behavior

lai

lai — Mixed, hybrid; blend of two origins or cultures

căng

căng — Tense, strained; also used in cultural hybrid context

người

người — Person, people; human being or individual

châu

châu — Continent; large landmass division of the world

Âu

Âu — Europe; the European continent

Trong

Trong — In, inside, within; preposition of location or time

thời

thời — Time, period, era; a span of historical time

kỳ

kỳ — Period, term; a defined span of time

cai

cai — To rule, govern, oversee; control over others

trị

trị — To govern, rule; administer or control authority

dấu

dấu — Mark, trace, sign; an impression left behind

vết

vết — Trace, mark, scar; visible remnant of something past

về

về — About, regarding; concerning a topic or returning

huy

huy — Brilliance, glory; splendor or radiance

hoàng

hoàng — Glorious, magnificent; grand splendor

hoàn

hoàn — Complete, whole; fully formed or entire

cảnh

cảnh — Scene, circumstance, condition; surrounding situation

triều

triều — Dynasty, court; royal or imperial government

đình

đình — Court, palace; seat of royal government

dần

dần — Gradually, slowly; happening in small increments

biến

biến — To disappear, transform; change or vanish completely

mất

mất — To lose, disappear; no longer present or existing

Trang

Trang — Page; also clothing or adornment

phục

phục — Clothing, costume; garments worn for occasion

y

y — Clothing; also used as third person pronoun

gấm

gấm — Brocade; rich ornamental woven fabric

vàng

vàng — Gold; the precious metal or golden color

trang

trang — To adorn, decorate; embellish with ornaments

danh

danh — Name, honor, reputation; prestige or distinction

dự

dự — Honor, participate; take part or have distinction

trúc

trúc — Bamboo; tall grass plant common in Asia

lấn

lấn — To encroach, intrude; advance and overwhelm something

át

át — To suppress, overpower; drown out or dominate

vẻ

vẻ — Appearance, beauty, look; outward visual quality

đẹp

đẹp — Beautiful, pretty; pleasing to the eye

cổ

cổ — Ancient, old; relating to antiquity or tradition

kính

kính — Respectful, venerable; showing reverence or respect

kinh

kinh — Capital city; major city or scripture

đô

đô — Capital; administrative center of a country

Ả

Ả — Arab; part of the word for Arabic

Rập

Rập — Arab; combined with Ả to mean Arab or Arabic

xưa

xưa — Ancient, of old; belonging to a past era

đoàn

đoàn — Group, troop, procession; organized body of people

kỵ

kỵ — Cavalry, horseback; relating to horse riding

mã

mã — Horse; equine animal used for riding

năm

năm — Five; the number five or year

mươi

mươi — Ten; used in compound numbers like fifty

vây

vây — To surround, encircle; enclose on all sides

quanh

quanh — Around, surrounding; in a circle about something

vị

Position, rank; honorific classifier for people

đại

đại — Great, major; large or significant in rank

thần

thần — Minister, official; high-ranking government servant

nhường

nhường — To yield, give way; concede space to another

chỗ

chỗ — Place, spot; a specific location or space

cho

cho — For, to give; benefactive preposition or verb

cỗ

cỗ — Carriage, cart; vehicle or elaborate set

xe

xe — Vehicle, car; any wheeled transportation

ngựa

ngựa — Horse; the animal used for riding or pulling

kiểu

kiểu — Style, type, design; a particular fashion or model

Anh

Anh — English, British; relating to England or Britain

làm

làm — To do, make; perform an action or create

ô

ô — To defile, pollute; contaminate or make impure

uế

uế — Unclean, defiled; ritually or morally impure

những

những — Those, the; plural marker for nouns

con

con — Classifier for animals and roads; also child

phố

phố — Street, road; urban thoroughfare in a city

yên

yên — Quiet, calm, peaceful; free from disturbance

tĩnh

tĩnh — Still, tranquil; motionless and calm state

thành

thành — City, citadel; urban area or walled settlement

xua

xua — To chase away, drive out; dispel or banish

đuổi

đuổi — To chase, expel; drive away or pursue

cả

cả — All, even, both; inclusive of everything mentioned

lẫn

lẫn — And also, along with; together with another item

ký

ký — To sign, record; memory or written record

ức

ức — Memory, recollection; ability to remember the past

chúng

chúng — They, them; third person plural pronoun

Ông

Ông — He, sir, grandfather; respectful pronoun for older men

nhìn

nhìn — To look at, see; direct one's gaze at something

thấy

thấy — To see, perceive; become aware through sight

lần

lần — Time, instance; an occurrence or single occasion

cuối

cuối — Last, final, end; the conclusion of something

trong

trong — In, inside, within; preposition of inclusion or location

trạng

trạng — State, condition; the status or form of something

thái

thái — State, condition; manner or form of being

nguyên

nguyên — Original, intact; unchanged from its first form

vẹn

vẹn — Intact, whole, complete; without any damage or loss

nó

nó — It, he, she; third person singular pronoun

ông

ông — He, grandfather; respectful male third person pronoun

không

không — Not, no; negation particle in Vietnamese

phóng

phóng — To release, direct; project or apply forcefully

năng

năng — Energy, ability, capacity; power to do something

lực

lực — Force, strength, power; physical or mental energy

mình

mình — Self, oneself; reflexive pronoun or intimate second person

với

với — With, together; preposition of accompaniment

tư

tư — Private, personal; one's own capacity or role

cách

cách — Way, manner, capacity; method or role

là

là — To be; copula linking subject and predicate

tác

tác — Author, creator; one who produces a work

giả

giả — Author, person; one who creates or pretends

cuốn

cuốn — Classifier for books; a volume or roll

Người

Người — Person, people; human being

Ai

Ai — Who; also part of Ai Cập meaning Egypt

Cập

Cập — Egypt; combined with Ai to mean Egypt

hiện

hiện — Current, present; existing now or appearing

nhiệm

nhiệm — Task, duty, mission; assigned responsibility

vụ

vụ — Task, affair, case; a matter or duty

dịch

dịch — To translate; convert text from one language to another

Nghìn

Nghìn — Thousand; the number one thousand

lẻ

lẻ — Odd, extra, fractional; a small remainder or one

đêm

đêm — Night; the dark hours from dusk to dawn

Về

Về — About, regarding, returning; concerning a subject

bản

bản — Copy, version, edition; a printed or written copy

sao

sao — Copy, star; to copy or a celestial star

mà

mà — But, yet; contrastive conjunction or relative particle

này

này — This; demonstrative pronoun indicating proximity

được

được — To be able, to receive; passive or success marker

thực

thực — Real, actual; truly or put into practice

từ

từ — From, since; indicates starting point or origin

pháp

pháp — Method, law, France; rule or French reference

tuân

tuân — To obey, comply; follow rules or orders

thủ

thủ — To comply, guard; follow strictly or keep watch

quá

quá — Too, excessively; beyond a normal degree

trình

trình — Process, procedure; a sequence of steps

tôi

tôi — I, me; first person singular pronoun

có

có — To have, there is; indicates possession or existence

thể

thể — Can, able to; possibility or physical body

trích

trích — To excerpt, quote; extract a passage from text

dẫn

dẫn — To cite, lead, guide; reference or introduction

lại

lại — Again, back; repeat an action or return

lời

lời — Words, speech, preface; spoken or written expression

tựa

tựa — Preface, title; introductory text of a book

ấn

ấn — Edition, print; a printed publication version

đầu

đầu — Head, first, beginning; start of something

tiên

tiên — First, fairy; the very first or a celestial being

nói

nói — To say, speak; express words verbally

Tôi

Tôi — I, me; first person singular pronoun

lấy

lấy — To take, use; obtain or adopt something

mới

mới — New, recently; just occurred or newly made

in

in — To print; produce text on paper

gần

gần — Near, close, recent; not far in space or time

đây

đây — Here, this; indicating nearby location or time

tiêu

tiêu — Standard, criteria; a benchmark or specification

chuẩn

chuẩn — Standard, accurate; a norm or reference point

chung

chung — Common, general, shared; belonging to all together

văn

văn — Text, literature, writing; literary or written form

gốc

gốc — Original, root; the source or foundation version

vì

vì — Because, for; gives reason or justification

vượt

vượt — To surpass, exceed; go beyond a limit or standard

trội

trội — Superior, outstanding; better than others

hơn

hơn — More, than; comparative marker in comparisons

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much; a large quantity or degree

so

so — To compare; used with với meaning compared to

các

các — The, various; plural definite marker for nouns

khác

khác — Other, different; another or distinct from this

lẽ

lẽ — Reason, logic; a rational basis or perhaps

chép

chép — To copy, transcribe; write down by copying

tay

tay — Hand; the body part or handwriting

Nó

Nó — It, he, she; third person singular pronoun

dường

dường — Seemingly, apparently; gives impression of being

như

như — Like, as if; comparison or similarity marker

khớp

khớp — To match, fit, correspond; align correctly

toàn

toàn — Entire, whole, complete; all of something

thảo

thảo — Draft, manuscript; an early written version

nổi

nổi — Famous, floating; well-known or rise above

tiếng

tiếng — Sound, language, famous; well-known or a language

tin

tin — To believe, news; have faith or information

rằng

rằng — That; conjunction introducing a reported statement

đầy

đầy — Full, filled; containing the complete amount

đủ

đủ — Enough, sufficient; adequate amount or completeness

tồn

tồn — To exist, remain; continue to be present

tại

tại — At, exist; located at or because of

chứa

chứa — To contain, hold; have inside or store

đựng

đựng — To contain, hold; store or carry within

tất

tất — All, every; complete totality of something

câu

câu — Sentence, story, phrase; a unit of language

chuyện

chuyện — Story, tale, matter; a narrative or topic

phiên

phiên — Version, session; a transcribed or translated edition

ngoại

ngoại — Foreign, outside, except; external or excluded

trừ

trừ — Except, minus; excluding or subtracting something

theo

theo — According to, follow; in accordance with

phẩm

phẩm — Work, quality, product; a created piece or quality

Ba

Ba — Three; also part of Ba Tư meaning Persia

Tư

Tư — Persia; combined with Ba to mean Persian

Thổ

Thổ — Turkish; part of Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ meaning Turkey

Nhĩ

Nhĩ — Ear; part of the proper name Turkey in Vietnamese

Kỳ

Kỳ — Period; also part of Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ meaning Turkey

Thư

Thư — Library; also letter or written correspondence

viện

viện — Institute, hall; an institution or establishment