The Time Machine — Page 60

Vocabulary

ข้าพเจ้า

khâa phá jâo — Formal first-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

ต้อง

tông — Must, have to; expresses necessity or obligation.

ยอมรับ

yom ráp — To accept, admit, or acknowledge something.

ว่า

wâa — That; introduces a clause or reported speech.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix conveying abstract concepts or states.

พึง

pheung — Should, ought to; expresses mild obligation or expectation.

พอใจ

phoo jai — To be satisfied, content, or pleased with something.

ของ

khǎawng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

ที่

thîi — At, which, that; place marker or relative pronoun.

มี

mii — To have, there is/are; indicates existence or possession.

ต่อ

tòo — Against, toward, per; connecting or directional preposition.

ทฤษฎี

thrít sà dii — Theory; a set of principles explaining a phenomenon.

แรก

râaek — First, initial; indicating the earliest occurrence.

เกี่ยวกับ

kìiao kàp — About, concerning, related to a topic or subject.

อารยธรรม

aa rá yá tham — Civilization; an advanced stage of human social development.

ขับเคลื่อน

khàp khleûan — To drive, propel, or power forward; advance a process.

ด้วย

dûay — With, by means of; also used to mean 'also'.

ระบบ

rá bòp — System; an organized set of methods or components.

อัตโนมัติ

àt tà noo mát — Automatic; operating without direct human control.

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words, phrases, or clauses.

มนุษยชาติ

má nút yá châat — Humanity, humankind; all human beings collectively.

เสื่อมโทรม

sùeam soom — To deteriorate, degrade, or decline in quality.

นั้น

nán — That, those; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

ไม่ได้

mâi dâai — Cannot, did not; negates ability or past action.

คง

khong — Probably, likely; expresses supposition or probability.

อยู่

yùu — To stay, live, be located; indicates ongoing state.

นาน

naan — Long time; describes an extended duration of time.

แต่

tàae — But, however; conjunction showing contrast or exception.

ก็

kôo — Also, then, well; softening or connecting particle.

คิด

khít — To think, consider, or contemplate an idea.

ไม่ออก

mâi òok — Cannot figure out or come up with something.

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

อื่น

èun — Other, another, different; referring to something else.

ใด

dai — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun in Thai.

ขอ

khǎaw — To request, ask for; politely expressing a desire.

ให้

hâi — To give, allow, for; causative or benefactive marker.

ได้

dâai — Can, able to, got; indicates ability or successful completion.

อธิบาย

à thí baai — To explain, describe, or clarify something in detail.

ยากลำบาก

yâak lam bàak — Difficult, hard, struggling; describes great hardship or trouble.

พระราชวัง

phrá râat châ wang — Royal palace; official residence of a king or queen.

ใหญ่

yài — Big, large, great; describing something of great size.

หลาย

lǎai — Many, several, multiple; indicates a large number.

แห่ง

hàaeng — Place, location; classifier for places and establishments.

สำรวจ

sǎm rùat — To survey, explore, or investigate an area or topic.

เป็น

pen — To be, to become; linking verb indicating state or identity.

เพียง

phiiang — Only, merely, just; limits scope to a small amount.

อยู่อาศัย

yùu aa sǎi — To reside, dwell, live in a place.

ห้องโถง

hông thǒong — Hall, hallway; large open room in a building.

รับประทานอาหาร

ráp prà thaan aa hǎan — To eat, dine; formal expression for consuming food.

ขนาดใหญ่

khà nàat yài — Large size, big; describing something of significant dimensions.

ห้องนอน

hông noon — Bedroom; room designated for sleeping and rest.

เท่านั้น

thâo nán — Only, just that; limits or restricts to one thing.

ไม่

mâi — No, not; general negation particle in Thai.

พบ

phóp — To find, meet, encounter; discover something or someone.

เครื่องจักร

khrûeang jàk — Machine, machinery; mechanical device performing automated work.

หรือ

rěu — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option or choice.

อุปกรณ์

ùp pà goon — Equipment, device, tool; instrument used for a purpose.

ใดๆ

dai dai — Any whatsoever; emphatic form of 'any' in Thai.

เลย

loei — At all, ever; intensifier for negation or emphasis.

ผู้คน

phûu khon — People, folks; refers to a group of persons.

เหล่านี้

lào níi — These; demonstrative indicating a nearby group or set.

สวมใส่

sùam sài — To wear, put on clothing or accessories.

ผ้า

phâa — Cloth, fabric, textile; material used to make clothing.

น่า

nâa — Worthy of, likely to; precedes adjectives to form suggestions.

ซึ่ง

sêung — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses in Thai.

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes; '-ing' equivalent.

เปลี่ยน

plìian — To change, switch, replace; alter something to something new.

ใหม่

mài — New, fresh, again; indicating novelty or repetition.

ครั้งคราว

khráng khraao — Occasionally, from time to time; not happening regularly.

รองเท้าแตะ

roong tháo tàe — Sandals, flip-flops; open footwear worn casually.

พวกเขา

phûak khǎo — They, them; third-person plural pronoun in Thai.

แม้

máae — Even, although, even though; concessive conjunction in Thai.

ไม่มี

mâi mii — There is no, have none; indicates absence or lack.

ตกแต่ง

tòk tàeng — To decorate, embellish, adorn; beautify a space or object.

งานโลหะ

ngaan loo hà — Metalwork; craft or work involving shaping metal objects.

ค่อนข้าง

khôn khâang — Rather, quite, fairly; moderately or to a considerable degree.

ซับซ้อน

sáp sóon — Complex, complicated, intricate; involving many interrelated parts.

ไม่ว่า

mâi wâa — No matter, regardless; introduces a concessive condition.

อย่างไร

yàang rai — How, in what way; asks or states the manner of something.

ก็ตาม

kôo taam — Anyway, nevertheless, even so; concessive phrase in Thai.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, matter; general word for any entity.

ถูก

thùuk — To be (passive marker); also means correct or cheap.

ผลิต

phà lìt — To produce, manufacture, create goods or products.

ขึ้น

khêun — Up, arise, increase; directional particle indicating upward movement.

ตัวเล็กๆ

tua lék lék — Small, tiny; describes objects of diminutive size.

เหล่านั้น

lào nán — Those; demonstrative referring to a distant group or set.

แสดง

sà daeng — To show, display, perform, or demonstrate something.

ร่องรอย

rông rooi — Trace, mark, evidence; remnants left behind by something.

แนวโน้ม

naeo nóom — Trend, tendency, inclination; a general direction of change.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition indicating location or inclusion.

สร้างสรรค์

sâang sǎn — Creative, innovative; producing new and imaginative ideas.

แต่อย่างใด

tàae yàang dai — In any way whatsoever; used in negative statements for emphasis.

ร้านค้า

ráan kháa — Shop, store; place where goods are sold to customers.

โรงงาน

roong ngaan — Factory, plant; facility where goods are manufactured.

สัญญาณ

sǎn yaan — Signal, sign, symbol; indication conveying specific information.

นำเข้า

nam khâo — To import; bring goods in from another country.

สินค้า

sǐn kháa — Goods, merchandise, products; items available for trade or sale.

หมู่

mùu — Group, cluster, community; a collection of people or things.

ใช้

chái — To use, utilize, employ; make use of something.

เวลา

wee laa — Time; a point or period measured in hours or moments.

ทั้งหมด

tháng mòt — All, entire, everything; the complete total without exception.

ไป

pai — To go; also a directional particle indicating movement away.

กับ

kàp — With, and, together with; connecting people or things.

เล่น

lên — To play, engage in recreation or a game.

อย่าง

yàang — Kind, type, manner; used to describe how something is done.

เบาๆ

bao bao — Lightly, gently, softly; doing something without much force.

อาบน้ำ

àap náam — To bathe, shower; cleanse the body with water.

แม่น้ำ

mâae náam — River; a large natural flowing body of fresh water.

ความรัก

khwaam rák — Love, affection; deep feeling of care and attachment.

แบบ

bàaep — Style, pattern, form, type; a specific design or manner.

เล่นสนุก

lên sà nùk — To play joyfully, have fun; engage in enjoyable activity.

กิน

gin — To eat, consume food or drink; informal eating verb.

ผลไม้

phǒn lá máai — Fruit; edible sweet produce from plants or trees.

นอนหลับ

noon làp — To sleep, slumber; rest in a state of unconsciousness.

อาจ

àat — Maybe, might, possibly; expresses uncertainty or possibility.

เข้าใจ

khâo jai — To understand, comprehend; grasp the meaning of something.

ต่างๆ

tàang tàang — Various, diverse, different kinds; referring to multiple varieties.

ดำเนิน

dam noen — To proceed, conduct, carry on; continue an action or process.

ต่อไป

tòo pai — Continue, further, onward; carry on to the next stage.

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then, and then; indicates completion or sequence.

อีกครั้ง

ìik khráng — Again, once more; indicates repetition of an action.

บางสิ่ง

baang sìng — Something, some thing; an unspecified item or matter.

ไม่รู้

mâi rúu — Don't know, unaware; lacking knowledge about something.

คือ

kheu — Is, means, that is; equating or defining something.

อะไร

à rai — What; interrogative pronoun asking for identification.

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, take; guide or carry something somewhere.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

เข้าไป

khâo pai — To go inside, enter; move into an enclosed space.

ฐาน

thǎan — Base, foundation, pedestal; the lower supporting structure.

กลวง

gloong — Hollow, empty inside; describing something with an empty interior.

สีขาว

sǐi khǎao — White color; the color of snow or milk.

ทำไม

tham mai — Why; asks for the reason or cause of something.

พยายาม

phá yaa yaam — To try, attempt, make an effort to do something.

แค่ไหน

khâae nǎi — How much, to what extent; asks the degree of something.

บ่อน้ำ

bòo náam — Well; a deep hole dug to access underground water.

น้ำ

náam — Water; clear liquid essential for life and hydration.

เสา

sǎo — Pillar, pole, column; vertical structural support element.

กะพริบ

gà phríp — To blink, flicker, flash; rapid on-and-off movement of light or eyes.

รู้สึก

rúu sèuk — To feel, sense, perceive; experience an emotion or sensation.

ตนเอง

ton eeng — Oneself, themselves; reflexive pronoun referring back to subject.

ขาด

khàat — To lack, be without, be missing; deficiency of something.

เบาะแส

bò sǎae — Clue, lead, hint; piece of information aiding investigation.

ดี

dii — Good, fine, nice; positive quality or favorable condition.

สมมติ

sǒm mút — To suppose, assume, pretend; treat something as hypothetically true.

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun; also a title of respect.

จารึก

jaa rèuk — Inscription, engraving; text carved into stone or hard surface.

หนึ่ง

nèung — One; the number one or a single instance of something.

ประโยค

prà yòok — Sentence; a grammatical unit expressing a complete thought.

ที่นั่น

thîi nân — There, over there; refers to a distant location.

ที่นี่

thîi nîi — Here, at this place; refers to a nearby location.

ภาษาอังกฤษ

phaa sǎa ang grìt — English language; the language originating from England.

ธรรมดา

tham má daa — Ordinary, normal, common; not special or exceptional.

ยอดเยี่ยม

yôot yîiam — Excellent, outstanding, superb; of the highest quality.

แทรก

sàaek — To insert, slip in, interpose; place something between others.

ข้อความ

khôo khwaam — Message, text; written communication or passage of words.

อื่นๆ

èun èun — Others, other things; additional unspecified items or people.

ประกอบ

prà gòop — To compose, assemble, consist of; make up a whole thing.

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of language with meaning.

แม้แต่

máae tàae — Even; emphasizes inclusion of an extreme or unexpected case.

ตัวอักษร

tua àk sǒon — Letter, character; individual symbol of a writing system.

ไม่รู้จัก

mâi rúu jàk — Unfamiliar with, don't know; not acquainted with someone or something.