The Time Machine — Page 93

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', linking words or clauses.

สติปัญญา

sa-ti-pan-yaa — Intelligence or wisdom; mental faculty and reasoning ability.

ที่

thîi — Relative pronoun or preposition; 'that', 'which', or 'at'.

จะ

ja — Future tense marker; indicates intention or upcoming action.

ทำให้

tham hâi — To cause or make something happen; to render.

สภาพการณ์

sa-phâap-gaan — Circumstances or situation; prevailing conditions of an event.

เช่นนี้

chên níi — Like this; referring to the current situation or manner.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating state or identity.

ความทุกข์ทรมาน

khwaam-thúk-thora-maan — Suffering or agony; intense physical or mental pain.

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something previously mentioned.

ก็

gôr — Discourse particle meaning 'also', 'then', or 'well'.

ได้

dâai — Can, able to, or past tense marker; indicates ability or completion.

หาย

hăai — To disappear, vanish, or recover from illness.

ไป

bpai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away.

แล้ว

láew — Already; indicates completed action or 'then' sequentially.

ทำไม

tham-mai — Why; question word asking for a reason or cause.

ฉัน

chăn — I or me; first-person pronoun used by females informally.

ต้อง

dtông — Must or have to; expresses necessity or obligation.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward speaker.

วิตกกังวล

wí-dtòk-gang-won — To worry or be anxious; feeling of unease or concern.

ด้วย

dûai — Also, too, or with; used for addition or accompaniment.

พวก

phûak — Group or bunch of people; collective classifier for persons.

เหล่านี้

lào níi — These; plural demonstrative referring to a nearby group.

ไม่

mâi — No or not; standard negation particle in Thai.

ต่าง

dtàang — Different, various, or each separately; indicates distinction.

อะไร

a-rai — What; question word asking about identity or thing.

กับ

gàp — With or and; preposition linking nouns or people together.

วัวควาย

wua-khwaai — Cattle and buffalo; farm animals used for labor.

ถูก

thùuk — Passive marker; also means cheap or correct depending on context.

ขุน

khŭn — To fatten up an animal; feed livestock for slaughter.

ไว้

wái — To keep or store; aspect marker for preparatory action.

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which or that; relative pronoun connecting clauses formally.

เปรียบ

bprìap — To compare or liken; draw an analogy between two things.

ดั่ง

dàng — Like or as; literary comparative particle similar to 'like'.

มด

mót — Ant; small industrious insect living in colonies.

คอย

khoi — To wait or watch for; to attend patiently for something.

ดูแล

duu-lae — To take care of or look after someone or something.

ล่า

lâa — To hunt; pursue prey for capture or killing.

เหยื่อ

yùea — Prey or victim; target of a hunt or exploitation.

จาก

jàak — From; preposition indicating origin, source, or departure point.

เขา

khăo — He, she, or they; third-person pronoun in Thai.

น่า

nâa — Worthy of or likely to; precedes adjectives expressing likelihood.

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix turning verbs into abstract noun forms.

เพาะพันธุ์

phór-phan — To breed or cultivate; raise animals or plants selectively.

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pronoun pointing to something specific nearby.

คือ

khue — Is or means; equating verb linking subject and predicate.

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently doing; present progressive aspect marker in Thai.

เต้นรำ

dtên-ram — To dance; move rhythmically to music or in celebration.

อยู่

yùu — To be located; continuative aspect marker indicating ongoing state.

ข้างๆ

khâang-khâang — Beside or next to; at the side of something or someone.

จากนั้น

jàak-nán — After that; then; transitional phrase indicating sequence.

พยายาม

pha-yaa-yaam — To try or attempt; make an effort toward a goal.

ปกป้อง

bpòk-bpông — To protect or defend; shield from danger or harm.

ตัวเอง

dtua-eeng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix creating abstract nouns from adjectives or verbs.

สยดสยอง

sa-yòt-sa-yong — Horrifying or terrifying; causing extreme fear and revulsion.

คืบคลาน

khûep-khlaan — To creep or crawl slowly; advance gradually in a sinister way.

เข้า

khâo — To enter or go in; directional particle indicating inward movement.

โดย

doi — By or via; preposition indicating agent or method.

มอง

mong — To look or gaze; direct one's eyes toward something.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for objects, animals, or informally people.

ว่า

wâa — That; complementizer introducing quoted or reported speech.

ลงโทษ

long-thôot — To punish; impose a penalty for wrongdoing or misconduct.

อัน

an — Classifier for various objects; also an emphatic relative marker.

เข้มงวด

khêm-ngûat — Strict or rigid; enforcing rules firmly without flexibility.

ของ

khŏng — Of or belonging to; possessive particle in Thai grammar.

เห็นแก่ตัว

hěn-gàe-dtua — Selfish; concerned only with one's own benefit or interests.

มนุษย์

ma-nút — Human being or mankind; member of the human species.

พอใจ

phor-jai — Satisfied or content; feeling pleased with a situation.

ใช้ชีวิต

chái-chii-wít — To live one's life; spend time in a certain manner.

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner of; adverbial modifier indicating way or style.

สะดวกสบาย

sa-dùak-sa-baai — Comfortable and convenient; at ease with one's living conditions.

สุขสำราญ

sùk-săm-raan — Joyful and content; living happily with pleasure and ease.

บน

bon — On top of or above; preposition indicating upper surface position.

หยาดเหงื่อ

yàat-ngûea — Sweat drops; perspiration from hard labor or physical effort.

แรงงาน

raeng-ngaan — Labor or workforce; physical work or working-class people.

เพื่อน

phûean — Friend; a person with whom one has a close relationship.

ด้วยกัน

dûai-gan — Together; doing something jointly or in each other's company.

ยึด

yûet — To seize, hold, or grasp firmly; take control of something.

เอา

ao — To take or get; versatile verb indicating taking or wanting.

ความจำเป็น

khwaam-jam-pen — Necessity; something that is required or indispensable.

คำขวัญ

kham-khwăn — Slogan or motto; a short memorable phrase expressing a belief.

ข้ออ้าง

khôo-âang — Excuse or pretext; a reason given to justify an action.

เมื่อ

mûea — When; conjunction indicating a point or period in time.

เวลา

we-laa — Time; a period or point during which events occur.

ผ่านพ้น

phàan-phón — To pass through or overcome; get through a difficult period.

เต็มที่

dtem-thîi — Fully or to the maximum; with complete effort or capacity.

หวน

hŭan — To return or revert; go back to a previous state.

กลับคืน

glàp-khuen — To return or come back; restore to original condition.

สู่

sùu — To or toward; formal preposition indicating direction or destination.

ยัง

yang — Still or yet; also used to mean 'also' or 'even'.

แสดง

sa-daeng — To show or express; perform or demonstrate something clearly.

ดูถูก

duu-thùuk — To look down on or belittle; treat someone with contempt.

แบบ

bàep — Style, type, or pattern; a model or manner of something.

ต่อ

dtòr — Toward, per, or against; preposition with multiple relational uses.

ชนชั้นสูง

chon-chán-sǔung — Upper class or aristocracy; elite social stratum in society.

สังเวช

săng-wêt — To feel pity or compassionate sorrow for someone's misfortune.

เสื่อมถอย

sùeam-thŏi — To deteriorate or decline; degrade in quality or ability.

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun indicating something close to speaker.

แต่

dtàe — But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception between clauses.

ทัศนคติ

thát-sa-na-khá-ti — Attitude or viewpoint; one's perspective or stance on something.

ไม่ได้

mâi-dâai — Cannot or did not; negates ability or past action completion.

ไม่ว่า

mâi-wâa — No matter or regardless; regardless of what or which condition.

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, or direction; route or means toward something.

พวกเขา

phûak-khăo — They or them; third-person plural pronoun for a group.

ยิ่งใหญ่

yîng-yài — Great or magnificent; grand and impressive in scale or achievement.

เพียงใด

phiang-dai — However much or to what extent; used in comparative clauses.

คง

khong — Probably or likely; modal indicating assumption or likelihood.

รักษา

rák-săa — To maintain or preserve; also to treat medically or uphold.

รูปลักษณ์

rûup-lák — Appearance or looks; outward physical form or presentation.

มาก

mâak — Much or many; indicates high degree or large quantity.

เกินกว่า

goen-gwàa — More than or exceeding; surpassing a certain threshold or limit.

ได้รับ

dâai-ráp — To receive or obtain; get something given or offered.

เห็นอกเห็นใจ

hěn-òk-hěn-jai — To empathize or sympathize; feel and understand another's feelings.

จำเป็น

jam-pen — Necessary or essential; required for a purpose or situation.

ร่วม

rûam — Together or jointly; to participate or share with others.

รับรู้

ráp-rúu — To perceive or acknowledge; become aware of something consciously.

ใน

nai — In or inside; preposition indicating location within something.

ความกลัว

khwaam-glua — Fear; the feeling of being afraid of something or someone.

มี

mii — To have or there is; indicates possession or existence.

ความคิด

khwaam-khít — Thought or idea; a mental conception or notion formed.

คลุมเครือ

khlum-khrua — Vague or ambiguous; unclear and open to multiple interpretations.

เกี่ยวกับ

gìaw-gàp — About or regarding; concerning a particular subject or topic.

แนวทาง

naew-thaang — Guideline or approach; a direction or method for action.

ควร

khuan — Should or ought to; expresses advisability or recommendation.

ดำเนิน

dam-noen — To proceed or carry out; conduct or pursue a course of action.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing or object; a general noun for any entity or matter.

แรก

râek — First; indicating the earliest in order or sequence.

หา

hăa — To search for or find; look for something needed.

ที่หลบภัย

thîi-lòp-phai — Shelter or refuge; a safe place to hide from danger.

ปลอดภัย

bplòt-phai — Safe or secure; free from danger, risk, or harm.

สร้าง

sâang — To build or create; construct or make something new.

อาวุธ

aa-wút — Weapon; an instrument used for attack or defense in conflict.

โลหะ

lo-hà — Metal; hard solid material such as iron, copper, or steel.

หรือ

rŭe — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option or choice.

หิน

hĭn — Stone or rock; hard natural mineral material found in earth.

ตาม

taam — According to, following, or along; to follow someone or rules.

สามารถ

săa-mâat — Can or able to; indicates capability or possibility of action.

ประดิษฐ์

bprà-dìt — To invent or craft; create something new through ingenuity.

เร่งด่วน

rêng-dùan — Urgent or pressing; requiring immediate attention or action.

ลำดับ

lam-dàp — Order or sequence; arranged ranking or step-by-step progression.

หวัง

wăng — To hope or wish; desire a positive outcome for the future.

วิธี

wí-thii — Method or way; a procedure or technique for doing something.

จุด

jùt — Point, dot, or spot; also to light a fire or flame.

ไฟ

fai — Fire or flame; also used for electricity or light sources.

เพื่อ

phûea — In order to; conjunction expressing purpose or intention.

คบเพลิง

khóp-phloeng — Torch; a stick with burning material used for light.

ติดมือ

dtìt-mue — To carry in hand; keep something readily available at hand.

เพราะ

phró — Because; conjunction indicating reason or cause for something.

รู้ดี

rúu-dii — To know well; be fully aware or informed about something.

ไม่มี

mâi-mii — There is not; indicates absence or lack of something.

ใด

dai — Any or which; used in questions or negative indefinite contexts.

ได้ผล

dâai-phŏn — Effective or successful; produces the desired result or outcome.

กว่า

gwàa — More than or than; comparative particle for degree comparison.

ต่อสู้

dtòr-sûu — To fight or struggle; resist or combat an opponent or obstacle.