The war of the worlds — Page 77

Vocabulary

ความตาย

khwaam taai — The state of being dead; death

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', linking words or clauses

ปล่อย

plòi — To release, let go, or set free something

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker meaning 'to let/make'

เขา

khǎo — Third-person pronoun: he, she, or they

ย่อย

yôi — To digest, break down, or subdivide into parts

ความคิด

khwaam khít — A thought, idea, or opinion in one's mind

นั้น

nán — Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'that'

หาก

hàak — Conjunction meaning 'if' or 'in case that'

ทำ

tham — To do, make, or perform an action

ได้

dâi — Can, able to; also past tense marker or 'to get'

ฉัน

chǎn — First-person pronoun 'I', used informally

ก็

gôr — Particle meaning 'also', 'then', or 'well then'

รีบ

rîip — To hurry, rush, or do something quickly

เดิน

dooen — To walk, move on foot at a normal pace

ตาม

taam — To follow, pursue, or according to something

ทหาร

thá-hǎan — A soldier or member of the military forces

ปืนใหญ่

puuen yài — A large artillery cannon or heavy gun weapon

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away

ที่

thîi — At, place, location; relative pronoun 'which/that'

มุม

mum — A corner or angle of a space or object

ถนน

thà-nǒn — A road or street for vehicle and pedestrian travel

หัน

hǎn — To turn around or rotate to face another direction

กลับ

glàp — To return, go back, or reverse direction

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward

มอง

moong — To look at, gaze, or observe something visually

จาก

jàak — From, away from, departing a place or source

แล้ว

láew — Already, then, after that; marks completed action

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates an ongoing or continuing state

คง

khong — Probably, likely; to remain or stay as is

ยืน

yuuen — To stand upright on one's feet

อยู่

yùu — To be, stay, or exist at a location

ข้าง

khâang — Side, beside, next to a person or object

กล่อง

glòng — A box or container for storing objects

ของ

khǒong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

โดย

dooi — By, by means of, through an agent or method

มี

mii — To have, possess, or there is/are something

กระถาง

grà-thǎang — A pot or planter used for growing plants

กล้วยไม้

glûuai máai — An orchid; a flowering plant of family Orchidaceae

วาง

waang — To place, put down, or set an object somewhere

บน

bon — On top of, above a surface or object

ฝา

fǎa — A lid, cover, or the top of a container

จ้อง

jôong — To stare intently or fix one's gaze on something

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner, way, or type of something

เลือนราง

luuean raang — Vague, faint, blurry, or dimly perceived

ข้าม

khâam — To cross over a road, river, or boundary

ยอด

yôot — The top, tip, or apex of something tall

ต้นไม้

dtôn máai — A tree or plant growing from the ground

ไม่

mâi — No, not; negation particle used before verbs

ใคร

khrai — Who, someone, anyone; interrogative pronoun for people

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or container

บอก

bòok — To tell, inform, or say something to someone

ว่า

wâa — That; introduces reported speech or a clause

กอง

goong — A pile, heap, or military corps unit

บัญชาการ

ban-chaa-gaan — Command headquarters or to command military operations

ตั้ง

dtâng — To set up, establish, or place something upright

ไหน

nǎi — Where; interrogative word asking about location

ทั้ง

tháng — Both, all, entire; includes everything mentioned

เมือง

muueang — A city, town, or country as a place

ความ

khwaam — Abstract noun prefix indicating a state or quality

วุ่นวาย

wûn waai — Chaotic, confused, turbulent, or in great disorder

เคย

khooei — Used to, have ever done something before

เห็น

hěn — To see, witness, or observe with one's eyes

ก่อน

gòon — Before, previously, earlier in time or sequence

ใด

dai — Any, which; an indefinite or interrogative determiner

เลย

looei — At all, ever; emphasizes negation or passes beyond

เกวียน

giian — A traditional ox-cart or wooden wagon for transport

รถม้า

rót máa — A horse-drawn carriage or horse-powered vehicle

ทุก

thúk — Every, all, each one without exception

หน

hǒn — Direction, way; also a classifier for directions

แห่ง

hàeng — Place, location; classifier for places or institutions

พาหนะ

phaa-há-ná — A vehicle or mode of transportation

ม้า

máa — A horse; domesticated animal used for riding

หลากหลาย

làak lǎai — Diverse, varied, of many different kinds or types

จน

jon — Until, to the point of; also means 'poor'

น่า

nâa — Worth, deserving of; precedes adjective to mean '-able'

ตะลึง

dtà-lueng — Astonished, stunned, or dumbfounded by something

ชาวบ้าน

chaao bâan — Villagers or ordinary local residents of an area

นับถือ

náp thǔue — To respect, revere, or hold in high esteem

ที่นั่น

thîi nân — Over there, at that place or location

ไม่ว่า

mâi wâa — Regardless of, no matter what or who

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai

เป็น

pen — To be, to exist as something; a linking verb

ผู้ชาย

phûu chaai — A man, male person, or adult male human

ชุด

chút — A set, suit of clothes, or outfit ensemble

กอล์ฟ

gôf — Golf; the sport played with clubs and balls

พาย

phaai — To paddle or row a boat through water

เรือ

ruuea — A boat or ship used for water travel

ภรรยา

phan-rá-yaa — A wife; a female spouse in a marriage

แต่งกาย

dtàeng gaai — To dress up, wear clothing, or be attired

สวยงาม

sǔuai ngaam — Beautiful, lovely, or attractively elegant in appearance

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently doing; also means strength or force

ขน

khǒn — To carry or transport goods from one place

พวก

phûuak — Group, gang, or a set of people together

คน

khon — A person, human being; classifier for people

เกียจคร้าน

gìat khrâan — Lazy, idle, unwilling to work or make effort

ริม

rim — Edge, bank, or alongside the border of something

แม่น้ำ

mâe náam — A river; a large natural flowing body of water

ช่วย

chûuai — To help, assist, or aid someone with something

กัน

gan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective action

ขมักเขม้น

khà-màk-khà-mên — Diligently, busily, working with great concentration

เด็กๆ

dèk dèk — Children; young boys and girls, plural form

ตื่นเต้น

tùuen dtên — Excited, thrilled, or feeling strong eager anticipation

ส่วนใหญ่

sùuan yài — Mostly, the majority, or for the most part

ดีใจ

dii jai — Happy, glad, pleased about something positive

มาก

mâak — Many, much, very, a lot of something

กับ

gàp — With, together with, and; connects nouns or phrases

แปลกใหม่

plàek mài — Novel, new and unusual, something unfamiliar and fresh

วัน

wan — A day; a 24-hour period of time

อาทิตย์

aa-thít — Sunday; also means the sun or a week

พวกเขา

phûuak khǎo — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

ท่ามกลาง

thâam glaang — Amid, in the middle of, surrounded by something

บาทหลวง

bàat lǔuang — A Catholic priest or Christian religious clergy member

ผู้

phûu — Person who; prefix indicating a person doing something

เคารพ

khao róp — To respect, honor, or show reverence toward someone

จัด

jàt — To arrange, organize, or prepare something systematically

พิธีกรรม

phí-thii-gam — A ritual, ceremony, or formal religious observance

ยาม

yaam — A guard, watchman; also means 'time' or 'period'

เช้า

cháo — Morning, the early part of the day

ด้วย

dûuai — Also, too, with, by means of something

กล้าหาญ

glâa hǎan — Brave, courageous, bold in the face of danger

เสียง

sǐang — Sound, voice, noise produced by something

ระฆัง

rá-khang — A bell that produces a ringing sound when struck

ดัง

dang — Loud, resounding; producing a strong clear sound

กังวาน

gang-waan — Resonant, reverberating, echoing clearly through the air

เหนือ

nǔuea — Above, over, north; higher in position or direction

ทั้งหมด

tháng mòt — All, everything, the whole total amount together

นั่ง

nâng — To sit down on a surface or seat

ขั้น

khân — A step, level, or rung of a staircase

บันได

ban-dai — A staircase or ladder used for climbing up

น้ำพุ

náam phú — A fountain with water spraying upward decoratively

ดื่ม

dùuem — To drink a liquid, consume a beverage

รับประทาน

ráp prà-thaan — To eat food; polite formal verb for eating

อาหาร

aa-hǎan — Food, meal; anything consumed for nourishment

มื้อ

múue — A meal; classifier for meals like breakfast, lunch

พอ

pho — Enough, sufficient, just right in amount

ใช้

cháai — To use, utilize, or make use of something

สิ่ง

sìng — A thing, object, or matter of any kind

เรา

rao — We, us; first-person plural pronoun

พก

phók — To carry on one's person, especially in a pocket

ติดตัว

dtìt dtuua — Carried on one's body, personally kept with oneself

หน่วย

nùuai — A unit, group, or department of an organization

ลาดตระเวน

lâat-dtrà-ween — To patrol an area for security or reconnaissance

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

ที่นี่

thîi nîi — Here, at this place or current location

ไม่ใช่

mâi châi — Is not, are not; negation of identity or fact

อีก

ìik — More, again, another, additionally

ต่อไป

dtòo pai — Continue, onwards, from now on, going forward

แต่

dtàe — But, however; introduces a contrasting clause

ราบ

râap — Flat, level, smooth; also infantry in military context

ขาว

khǎao — White; the color white or something white-colored

เตือน

tuuean — To warn, caution, or remind someone of danger

ผู้คน

phûu khon — People in general, folks, a group of persons

เคลื่อนย้าย

khlûuean yáai — To move, relocate, or transfer from one place

ทันที

than-thii — Immediately, instantly, right away without any delay

หรือ

rǔue — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives or asking questions

หลบภัย

lòp phai — To take shelter, seek refuge from danger

ห้อง

hông — A room in a building or enclosed space

ใต้ดิน

dtâi din — Underground, below ground level or surface

ตน

dton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the self

การ

gaan — Noun-forming prefix indicating an action or process

ยิง

ying — To shoot, fire a weapon at a target

เริ่มต้น

rôoem dtôn — To begin, start, or commence something from scratch

ขณะ

khà-nà — While, at the moment or instant something happens

สะพาน

sà-phaan — A bridge spanning a river, road, or gap

รถไฟ

rót fai — A train; railway vehicle running on tracks

ฝูงชน

fùung chon — A crowd, mob, or large group of people

เพิ่ม

phôoem — To increase, add more, or augment in number

ขึ้น

khûen — To go up, rise, increase; upward directional particle

เรื่อยๆ

rûueai rûueai — Continuously, gradually, on and on without stopping

รวมตัว

ruuam dtuua — To gather together, assemble, or congregate as a group

รอบ

rôop — Around, surrounding, or a round/cycle of something

บริเวณ

bo-rí-ween — An area, zone, or surrounding vicinity of a place

สถานี

sà-thǎa-nii — A station, such as train, police, or radio

ชาน

chaan — A platform or veranda; area outside a main room

ชาลา

chaa-laa — A platform or concourse area at a train station

คลาคล่ำ

khlaa khâm — Crowded, swarming, teeming with many people

เต็ม

dtem — Full, filled to capacity, completely occupied

หีบห่อ

hìip hòo — Packages, parcels, or bundled-up luggage and baggage