The war of the worlds — Page 103

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', linking words or clauses.

ด้วย

duay — Also, too, or with; used for addition or accompaniment.

การ

gaan — Prefix nominalizing verbs into abstract nouns or actions.

ยืนยัน

yeun-yan — To confirm, affirm, or verify something stated.

ซ้ำ

sam — To repeat or do something again; repetition.

แล้ว

laeo — Already; indicates completed action or 'then'.

เล่า

lao — To narrate, tell a story, or recount events.

ถึง

theung — To reach, arrive at, or up to a point.

ความ

kwaam — Prefix forming abstract nouns expressing state or quality.

ปลอดภัย

ploot-pai — Safe, secure; free from danger or harm.

ของ

khaung — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

สามารถ

saa-maat — To be able to; expressing capability or possibility.

เจ้าหน้าที่

jao-naa-thee — Official, officer, or staff member in authority.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context.

รับมือ

rap-meu — To handle, cope with, or deal with a situation.

กับ

gap — With, together with; a preposition of accompaniment.

ยากลำบาก

yaak-lam-baak — Difficult, hard, involving hardship or struggle.

ประกาศ

pra-gaat — To announce, declare, or make a public statement.

กึ่ง

geung — Semi-, half; a prefix meaning partially or halfway.

ทางการ

taang-gaan — Official, formal; relating to official authority.

นี้

nee — This; a demonstrative pronoun indicating nearby object.

จึง

jeung — Therefore, consequently; indicates result or reason.

ได้

dai — Can, able to; also indicates past completion of action.

สิ้นสุด

sin-sut — To end, terminate, or come to a conclusion.

ลง

long — Down, to go down; directional word indicating downward.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, or matter; general classifier for things.

ถูก

thuuk — To be cheap; or passive marker meaning 'to be done to'.

พิมพ์

phim — To print or type; producing text on a surface.

ตัวอักษร

tua-ak-saun — Letter, character; a written alphabetic symbol.

ขนาด

kha-naat — Size, dimension, scale of an object.

ใหญ่

yai — Large, big; describing great size or magnitude.

มาก

maak — Very, much, many; intensifier indicating large degree.

บน

bon — On top of, above; a preposition of location.

กระดาษ

gra-daat — Paper; thin material used for writing or printing.

ที่

thee — At, which, that; versatile particle of place or relative clause.

สด

sot — Fresh, live; not dried, cooked, or processed.

ใหม่

mai — New, recent; something not previously used or seen.

จน

jon — Until, to the point that; also means poor or impoverished.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates ongoing or incomplete state.

เปียก

piak — Wet, damp; covered or soaked with liquid.

อยู่

yuu — To be located; or continuous aspect marker 'to be'.

ไม่

mai — No, not; primary negation particle in Thai.

มี

mee — To have, there is/are; indicating existence or possession.

เวลา

we-laa — Time; a period or moment in the day.

เพียงพอ

phiang-phaaw — Sufficient, enough; adequate amount of something.

จะ

ja — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

เพิ่ม

phoem — To add, increase, or augment something more.

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of language or speech.

วิจารณ์

wi-jaan — To criticize, review, or comment critically on something.

แม้แต่

mae-tae — Even, not even; emphasizes inclusion of extreme case.

เดียว

diao — Single, only, alone; indicating one and nothing more.

พี่ชาย

phii-chaai — Older brother; male sibling older than oneself.

ฉัน

chan — I, me; first-person pronoun, commonly used by women.

บอก

baawk — To tell, inform, or say something to someone.

ว่า

waa — That; complementizer introducing reported speech or clause.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or informally people.

น่า

naa — Worth, deserving of; prefix expressing worthiness of feeling.

แปลกใจ

plaek-jai — Surprised, astonished; feeling of unexpected wonder.

เห็น

hen — To see, to notice visually; perceiving with eyes.

เนื้อหา

neua-haa — Content, substance; the main body of a text.

ปกติ

pok-ga-ti — Normal, usual, ordinary; the regular or standard state.

หนังสือพิมพ์

nang-seu-phim — Newspaper; a printed publication with daily news.

ตัดทอน

tat-thaun — To cut down, shorten, or reduce content or length.

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, or take something somewhere.

ออก

auk — Out, to exit; directional word meaning outward movement.

ไป

pai — To go; indicates movement away from current location.

อย่าง

yaang — In a manner of; used to describe way or type.

ปรานี

praa-nee — Merciful, kind, compassionate toward others.

เพื่อ

pheua — In order to, for the purpose of; expresses intention.

เปิด

phoet — To open, turn on; making accessible or starting.

ให้

hai — To give; or causative marker meaning 'to allow/make'.

ตลอด

ta-laut — Throughout, all along; continuous over entire extent.

แนว

naeo — Line, direction, trend; a row or orientation of things.

ถนน

tha-non — Road, street; a path for vehicles and pedestrians.

ผู้คน

phuu-khon — People, folks; a general term for human beings.

ต่าง

taang — Different, various; each one separately or distinctly.

พลิก

phlik — To flip, turn over; reversing orientation of something.

สี

sii — Color; the visual property of objects reflecting light.

ชมพู

chom-phuu — Pink; a light red color.

อ่าน

aan — To read; comprehending written or printed text.

กัน

gan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective action marker.

ก็

gaw — Also, then, too; a connective particle with varied uses.

ดัง

dang — Loud, famous; producing a strong sound or well-known.

ขึ้น

kheun — Up, to rise; directional word indicating upward movement.

กะทันหัน

ga-tan-han — Suddenly, abruptly; happening without warning or notice.

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, noise; auditory sensation or signal.

บรรดา

ban-daa — All the, various; referring to a collective group.

พ่อค้าแม่ค้า

phau-khaa-mae-khaa — Vendors, merchants; male and female sellers or traders.

เร่

re — To hawk, peddle; selling goods while moving around.

จำนวน

jam-nuan — Number, amount, quantity of something countable.

ติดตาม

tit-taam — To follow, track, or keep up with someone or something.

ผู้

phuu — Person who; prefix forming nouns indicating a person's role.

บุกเบิก

buk-boek — To pioneer, blaze a trail; opening up new territory.

เหล่า

lao — Those, these; a collective determiner for a group.

มา

maa — To come; movement toward the speaker or origin.

ผู้ชาย

phuu-chaai — Man, male person; an adult of masculine gender.

หลาย

laai — Many, several, numerous; more than a few.

คน

khon — Person, people; the classifier for human beings.

รีบ

reep — To hurry, rush; moving or acting quickly with urgency.

กระโจน

gra-joon — To leap, jump, spring suddenly toward something.

จาก

jaak — From, away from; indicating origin or departure point.

รถ

rot — Vehicle, car; any motorized or wheeled transportation.

โดยสาร

doi-saan — To travel as a passenger; riding public transportation.

หา

haa — To look for, search, find; seeking something desired.

ซื้อ

seu — To buy, purchase; obtaining something by paying money.

แน่นอน

nae-naun — Certain, sure, definitely; expressing confidence or certainty.

ข่าว

khaao — News, information; reports of recent events.

ทำให้

tham-hai — To cause, make; bringing about a change or effect.

ตื่นเต้น

tuen-ten — Excited, thrilled; feeling eager anticipation or stimulation.

รุนแรง

run-raeng — Severe, intense, violent; strong in degree or force.

ไม่ว่า

mai-waa — No matter, regardless of; introducing unconditional clause.

ก่อน

gaun — Before, prior to, first; earlier in time or order.

หน้า

naa — Face, front, next; page or front side of something.

พวกเขา

phuak-khao — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.

เฉยเมย

choei-moei — Indifferent, apathetic; showing little interest or concern.

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just; limiting to a small amount.

ใด

dai — Any, which; indefinite or interrogative pronoun.

ก็ตาม

gaw-taam — Anyway, regardless; emphasizing no condition matters.

บาน

baan — To bloom, open wide; flowers opening or things spreading.

เกล็ด

glet — Scale, flake; thin flat piece of fish or snow.

ร้าน

raan — Shop, store; a place where goods are sold.

ขาย

khaai — To sell; offering goods or services for money.

แผนที่

phaen-thee — Map; a diagrammatic representation of an area.

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently doing; progressive aspect marker or strength/force.

ชาย

chaai — Male, man; the masculine gender or edge of something.

หนึ่ง

neung — One; the number 1 or a single unit.

สวม

suam — To wear, put on; dressing oneself in clothing.

ชุด

chut — Suit, set, outfit; a matching ensemble of clothing.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

อาทิตย์

aa-thit — Sunday; also means the sun or week.

แม้

mae — Even though, although; concessive conjunction.

กระทั่ง

gra-thang — Even, until; emphasizing an extreme or unexpected case.

ถุงมือ

thung-meu — Glove; a hand covering worn for warmth or protection.

เหลือง

leuang — Yellow; a bright warm color like gold or sunlight.

มะนาว

ma-naao — Lime or lemon; a small sour citrus fruit.

ปรากฏ

praa-got — To appear, emerge, become visible or evident.

ภายใน

phaai-nai — Inside, within; referring to interior space or time limit.

หน้าต่าง

naa-taang — Window; an opening in a wall fitted with glass.

ติด

tit — Stuck, attached; fixed to or adjacent to something.

เข้า

khao — To enter, go in; movement inward or into a place.

กระจก

gra-jok — Glass, mirror; transparent or reflective material.

ขณะ

kha-na — While, moment; a period of time when something occurs.

เดิน

doen — To walk; moving on foot at a normal pace.

ต่อ

taaw — Next, per, against; connecting or continuing something.

ตาม

taam — To follow, according to; in accordance with or behind.

จัตุรัส

jat-tu-rat — Square; an open public area surrounded by buildings.

โดย

doi — By, via, through; indicating means or agent of action.

ถือ

theu — To hold, carry; gripping something in the hands.

ไว้

wai — To keep, to have placed; retaining something for later.

มือ

meu — Hand; the body part at the end of the arm.

หลบหนี

lop-nee — To escape, flee, evade; running away from something.

บาง

baang — Some, thin; a small portion or slender in width.

ส่วน

suan — Part, portion, section; a segment of a whole.

พร้อม

phraum — Ready, prepared; complete and able to proceed.

ภรรยา

phan-ra-yaa — Wife; a female spouse in a marriage.

ลูกชาย

luuk-chaai — Son; a male child of a parent.

สอง

saung — Two; the number 2.

เครื่อง

khreuang — Machine, device; classifier for machines or equipment.

เฟอร์นิเจอร์

foe-ni-joe — Furniture; movable objects like chairs and tables.

ชิ้น

chin — Piece, item; classifier for items or chunks of things.

เกวียน

gwian — Cart, wagon; a vehicle pulled by animals for transport.

แบบ

baep — Style, type, form; a pattern or model of something.

พ่อค้า

phau-khaa — Merchant, trader; a male who buys and sells goods.

ผัก

phak — Vegetable; edible plant used in cooking.

ใช้

chai — To use, utilize; employing something for a purpose.

เขา

khao — He, she, him, her; third-person singular pronoun.

ขับ

khap — To drive, operate; controlling a vehicle in motion.

ทิศทาง

thit-taang — Direction; the course or path toward a destination.

สะพาน

sa-phaan — Bridge; a structure spanning a gap or body of water.

ติดๆ

tit-tit — Closely, right behind; immediately adjacent or following.

คือ

kheu — Is, means; equating or defining subject and predicate.

บรรทุก

ban-thuk — To load, carry cargo; transporting goods in a vehicle.

หญ้า

yaa — Grass; low-growing green plants covering ground.

ดู

duu — To look, watch, seem; directing gaze toward something.

ฐานะ

thaa-na — Status, position; one's social or financial standing.

ดี

dii — Good, fine, well; positive quality or condition.

ห้า

haa — Five; the number 5.

หรือ

reu — Or; a disjunctive conjunction offering alternatives.

หก

hok — Six; the number 6.

นั้น

nan — That, those; demonstrative pronoun for distant objects.

กล่อง

glaung — Box; a rigid container for storing or carrying items.

ห่อ

haw — Package, bundle; something wrapped up together.

สัมภาระ

sam-phaa-ra — Luggage, baggage; bags and belongings carried while traveling.