The war of the worlds — Page 108

Vocabulary

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

คือ

khue — Is; used to equate or define something

อะไร

a-rai — What; interrogative pronoun asking about things

กัน

kan — Together; each other; mutual action particle

นี่

nii — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby objects

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third-person personal pronoun

ถาม

tham — To ask; to pose a question to someone

ไฟไหม้

fai-mai — Fire; a building or place burning with flames

หรือ

rue — Or; conjunction offering an alternative option

ช่าง

chang — How; exclamatory intensifier expressing strong feeling

วุ่นวาย

wun-wai — Chaotic, hectic; full of confusion and disorder

เสีย

sia — Broken, wasted; intensifier expressing dismay

ทั้งสอง

thang-song — Both; referring to two things or people together

ต่าง

tang — Each, different; separately or individually doing something

ยื่น

yuen — To extend, stick out; to reach forward or offer

หัว

hua — Head; the topmost part of the body

ออก

ok — Out; to exit or move outward from a place

ไป

pai — To go; movement away from current location

นอก

nok — Outside; exterior or beyond a boundary

หน้าต่าง

na-tang — Window; an opening in a wall for light

พยายาม

pha-ya-yam — To try, attempt; to make an effort at something

ฟัง

fang — To listen; to pay attention to sounds or speech

ว่า

wa — That; conjunction introducing reported speech or clause

พวก

phuak — Group, bunch; collective noun for people or things

ตำรวจ

tam-ruat — Police; law enforcement officers maintaining public order

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently; present progressive aspect marker in Thai

ตะโกน

ta-kon — To shout, yell; to call out in a loud voice

ผู้คน

phu-khon — People; a general reference to persons in an area

พากัน

pha-kan — Together; doing something collectively as a group

มา

ma — To come; movement toward the speaker's location

จาก

jak — From; indicating origin or starting point

ตรอก

trok — Alley; a narrow lane between buildings

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ยืน

yuen — To stand; to be upright on one's feet

รวม

ruam — To gather, combine; to come together as one

กลุ่ม

klum — Group, cluster; a collection of people or things

คุย

khui — To chat, talk; informal conversation between people

อยู่

yu — To be, stay; indicating ongoing state or location

ตาม

tam — Along, according to; following a path or rule

มุม

mum — Corner; the junction point of two lines or streets

ถนน

tha-non — Road, street; a paved path for vehicles and people

เกิด

koet — To occur, happen; to be born or come about

ขึ้น

khuen — Up; to rise or increase; directional verb particle

แน่

nae — Certain, sure; expressing confidence or emphasis

เพื่อน

phuean — Friend; a person one has a close relationship with

ร่วม

ruam — Together, joint; sharing or participating collectively

ห้องพัก

hong-phak — Room; a rented living or lodging room

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

พี่ชาย

phi-chai — Older brother; an elder male sibling

ฉัน

chan — I, me; first-person pronoun used by females or casually

พูด

phut — To speak, talk; to express words verbally

ตอบ

top — To answer, reply; to respond to a question

อย่าง

yang — In a way, manner; adverbial manner marker

กำกวม

kam-kuam — Ambiguous, vague; unclear or double-meaning expression

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then; indicates completion or sequence

ก็

ko — Then, also; connective particle linking clauses

เริ่ม

roem — To begin, start; to commence an action

แต่งตัว

taeng-tua — To get dressed; to put on clothing and prepare oneself

วิ่ง

wing — To run; to move quickly on foot

หิ้ว

hiu — To carry; to hold something in one's hand while walking

เสื้อผ้า

suea-pha — Clothes, clothing; garments worn on the body

แต่ละ

tae-la — Each, every individual; referring to items separately

ชิ้น

chin — Piece, item; classifier for individual objects or articles

ที่

thi — At, which; relative pronoun or location preposition

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to, for the purpose of; purpose conjunction

ไม่

mai — Not; negation particle used before verbs

ให้

hai — To give; causative or beneficiary marker in Thai

พลาด

phlat — To miss, fail; to lose an opportunity

สิ่ง

sing — Thing; a general noun referring to any object or matter

น่าตื่นเต้น

na-tuen-ten — Exciting, thrilling; causing excitement or anticipation

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; relative pronoun connecting clauses in formal Thai

ทวี

tha-wi — To increase, multiply; to grow greater in intensity

เรื่อยๆ

rueai-rueai — Continuously, steadily; happening without stopping

ใน

nai — In, inside; preposition indicating location within something

ไม่ช้า

mai-cha — Soon, before long; in a short amount of time

คน

khon — Person, people; human being or classifier for people

ขาย

khai — To sell; to exchange goods for money

หนังสือพิมพ์

nang-sue-phim — Newspaper; a printed daily publication of news

เร็ว

reo — Fast, quick; moving or happening at high speed

ผิดปกติ

phit-pa-ka-ti — Abnormal, unusual; deviating from what is normal

ร้อง

rong — To cry out, shout; to call or scream loudly

เข้า

khao — To enter; movement inward or into a place

เผชิญ

pha-choen — To face, confront; to encounter a difficult situation

อันตราย

an-ta-rai — Danger, hazard; a situation threatening safety

การ

kan — Nominalizer; turns verbs into abstract noun concepts

ขาด

khat — To lack, be cut off; insufficient supply of something

อากาศ

a-kat — Air, weather; the atmosphere surrounding the earth

หายใจ

hai-jai — To breathe; the act of inhaling and exhaling air

แนว

naeo — Line, front; a defensive or boundary line

ป้องกัน

pong-kan — To protect, defend; to guard against harm or attack

ถูก

thuk — To be subjected to; passive marker or correct/cheap

สังหารหมู่

sang-han-mu — Massacre; mass killing of many people at once

อัน

an — Item; classifier for various objects; intensifier particle

น่า

na — Worth, worthy of; prefix making adjectives from verbs

สยดสยอง

sa-yot-sa-yong — Horrifying, terrifying; causing extreme fear or dread

หุบเขา

hup-khao — Valley; a low area of land between hills or mountains

แม่น้ำ

mae-nam — River; a large natural stream of flowing water

รอบๆ

rop-rop — Around, surrounding; in all directions nearby

ตัว

tua — Body, self; classifier for animals or oneself

ทั้ง

thang — All, both, entire; inclusive of everything mentioned

ห้อง

hong — Room; an enclosed space inside a building

ชั้นล่าง

chan-lang — Ground floor, lower floor; the bottom level of a building

บ้านเรือน

ban-ruean — Houses, dwellings; residential buildings and homes

ข้าง

khang — Side, beside; next to or the lateral part of something

ฝั่ง

fang — Bank, side; the edge of a river or a side

ตรงข้าม

trong-kham — Opposite, across from; facing or on the other side

ด้านหลัง

dan-lang — Behind, back side; the rear portion of something

อีก

ik — More, another, again; additional or repeated occurrence

หลาย

lai — Many, several; a large number of things

ร้อย

roi — Hundred; the number one hundred

ย่าน

yan — District, neighborhood; an area or zone of a city

ทาง

thang — Way, direction, path; a route or direction of travel

ทิศตะวันตก

thit-ta-wan-tok — West; the cardinal direction of the setting sun

ทิศเหนือ

thit-nuea — North; the cardinal direction toward the North Pole

ทิศตะวันออก

thit-ta-wan-ok — East; the cardinal direction of the rising sun

แท้จริงแล้ว

thae-jing-laeo — In truth, actually; used to emphasize reality or fact

ทั่ว

thua — Throughout, all over; covering every part of an area

มหานคร

ma-ha-na-khon — Metropolis, great city; a large major urban center

จนถึง

jon-thueng — Until, up to; indicating a limit or endpoint in time

ตา

ta — Eye; the organ used for seeing; also means grandfather

เปิด

poet — To open; to make accessible or turn on something

มอง

mong — To look, gaze; to direct one's eyes at something

คำถาม

kham-tham — Question; an inquiry seeking information or an answer

ไร้

rai — Without, lacking; devoid of something

จุดหมาย

jut-mai — Destination, aim; a goal or intended endpoint

เร่งรีบ

reng-rip — To hurry, rush; moving quickly with urgency

เมื่อ

mueа — When; conjunction referring to a past point in time

ลม

lom — Wind; moving air; also refers to gas in the body

แรก

raek — First; the earliest or initial one in a sequence

พายุ

pha-yu — Storm; violent weather with strong wind and rain

แห่ง

haeng — Of, place; classifier for locations or institutions

ความ

khwam — Nominalizer prefix; turns adjectives into abstract nouns

หวาดกลัว

wat-klua — Fear, dread; feeling terrified or deeply afraid

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at; until or up to a point

พัด

phat — To blow; wind moving air or a fan rotating

กระหน่ำ

kra-nam — To strike repeatedly; to hit or attack fiercely

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through; to go across or beyond something

นั่น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun for distant objects

รุ่งอรุณ

rung-a-run — Dawn, daybreak; the early morning light of sunrise

ตื่นตระหนก

tuen-tra-nok — Panic, alarmed; suddenly frightened and overwhelmed

ครั้งใหญ่

khrang-yai — A great time, major occasion; a large-scale event