The war of the worlds — Page 60

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

แทนที่

thaen thi — Instead of; to replace something or someone.

เรา

rao — First-person plural pronoun meaning 'we' or 'us'.

จะ

ja — Future tense marker indicating intention or prediction.

วิ่ง

wing — To run; move quickly on foot.

วุ่น

wun — Chaotic, busy, or flustered in a hectic way.

อย่าง

yang — In the manner of; a way or type of something.

สุ่มสี่สุ่มห้า

sum si sum ha — Randomly or recklessly without thought or care.

คร่ำครวญ

khram khruan — To moan or lament sorrowfully and repeatedly.

โหยหวน

hoi huan — To wail or cry out in a mournful, longing manner.

หรือ

rue — Conjunction meaning 'or'; used in questions and alternatives.

หา

ha — To search for or look for something.

ดิน

din — Soil or earth; ground material.

ระเบิด

ra boet — A bomb; or to explode with force.

มา

ma — To come; move toward the speaker.

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to; for the purpose of something.

หวัง

wang — To hope or wish for a desired outcome.

ทำลาย

tham lai — To destroy or damage something severely.

พวก

phuak — A group or bunch of people or things.

มัน

man — Third-person pronoun for things or animals; 'it'.

ต้อง

tong — Must; to be required or obliged to do something.

ปรับ

prap — To adjust, adapt, or fine-tune something.

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals and some objects.

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning 'to make/let'.

เข้า

khao — To enter; go into a place or state.

กับ

kap — With; together with; and (connecting nouns).

สถานการณ์

sa than kan — A situation or set of circumstances.

ใหม่

mai — New or fresh; recently made or acquired.

นั่น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun pointing to something distant.

คือ

khue — Is; to be; used to define or identify something.

วิธี

wi thi — A method, way, or procedure for doing something.

ที่

thi — Relative pronoun 'that/which'; place; location marker.

ผม

phom — First-person pronoun 'I' used by males formally.

คิด

khit — To think, consider, or have an idea.

ออก

ok — To go out; exit; come out from somewhere.

ไม่

mai — Negation particle meaning 'not' or 'no'.

ได้

dai — Can; to be able to; past tense marker.

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as; used for identity or state.

ไป

pai — To go; move away from the speaker.

ตาม

tam — According to; to follow or in accordance with.

มนุษย์

ma nut — A human being; member of the human species.

ต้องการ

tong kan — To want or need something; to require.

สำหรับ

sam rap — For; intended for a specific person or purpose.

เผ่าพันธุ์

phao phan — Race, species, or ethnic lineage of beings.

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

ตน

ton — Oneself; a formal reflexive or third-person pronoun.

แต่

tae — But; however; a conjunction showing contrast.

ข้อเท็จจริง

kho thet ching — A fact; a piece of true information or evidence.

ชี้

chi — To point at; indicate or direct attention toward something.

เห็น

hen — To see; to perceive visually or understand.

หลักการ

lak kan — A principle or fundamental rule guiding behavior.

ยึดถือ

yuet thue — To hold onto; adhere to a belief or principle.

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time period.

การ

kan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

กระทำ

kra tham — To act or perform an action, often deliberately.

เมือง

mueang — A city, town, or country; urban settlement.

ชาติ

chat — Nation, country, or nationality; birth and race.

อารยธรรม

a ra ya tham — Civilization; an advanced stage of human social development.

ความก้าวหน้า

khwam kao na — Progress or advancement in a field or endeavor.

ทุกอย่าง

thuk yang — Everything; all things without exception.

จบ

chop — To finish or end; completion of something.

สิ้น

sin — To end, exhaust, or come to a complete stop.

แล้ว

laeo — Already; completion marker indicating something is done.

เกม

kem — A game; borrowed from English word 'game'.

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative adjective referring to something mentioned.

พ่ายแพ้

phai phae — To be defeated; to lose a competition or battle.

ถ้า

tha — If; conditional conjunction introducing a hypothetical situation.

เช่น

chen — For example; such as; used to give instances.

มี

mi — To have; there is/are; to possess something.

ชีวิต

chi wit — Life; the state of being alive.

อยู่

yu — To be located; to stay; ongoing action marker.

อะไร

a rai — What; an interrogative pronoun asking for identity.

ทหาร

tha han — A soldier or military person.

ปืนใหญ่

puen yai — Artillery; a large military cannon or gun.

มอง

mong — To look at; to gaze or observe something.

ชั่วครู่

chua khru — For a moment; a brief short period of time.

คอนเสิร์ต

khon soet — A concert; a live music performance event.

อัน

an — A classifier for small objects; one item.

แสน

saen — One hundred thousand; also means 'extremely' intensifier.

วิเศษ

wi set — Wonderful, excellent, or magical; very special.

อีก

ik — More; again; another; additional amount or time.

ต่อไป

to pai — To continue; from now on; going forward.

ชั่ว

chua — Evil, wicked; also a brief time span.

ล้าน

lan — One million; a very large number.

ปี

pi — Year; a period of twelve months.

ศิลปะ

sin la pa — Art; creative expression through various artistic forms.

มื้อ

mue — A meal; a classifier for mealtimes (breakfast, lunch, dinner).

อาหาร

a han — Food; a meal or any edible substance consumed.

ภัตตาคาร

phat ta khan — A restaurant; formal word for a dining establishment.

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun; title of respect.

กำลัง

kam lang — Currently doing; progressive aspect marker; strength or power.

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns.

บันเทิง

ban thoeng — Entertainment; amusement or enjoyment activities.

ว่า

wa — That; to say; quotative particle introducing reported speech.

มารยาท

man ra yat — Manners, etiquette, or polite social behavior.

ห้อง

hong — A room; an enclosed space within a building.

รับแขก

rap khaek — To receive or entertain guests; a living room.

ชอบ

chop — To like or be fond of something or someone.

กิน

kin — To eat; to consume food or drink.

ถั่ว

thua — Beans, nuts, or legumes of various kinds.

ด้วย

duai — Also; too; with; together; using an instrument.

มีด

mit — A knife; a cutting utensil with a blade.

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, or noise produced by something.

ผิด

phit — Wrong, incorrect, or mistaken; to make an error.

ควร

khuan — Should; ought to; advisable or appropriate to do.

โยน

yon — To throw or toss an object through the air.

ทิ้ง

thing — To throw away; discard or abandon something.

เสีย

sia — To waste; broken; particle indicating unfortunate completion.

ประโยชน์

pra yot — Benefit, usefulness, or advantage gained from something.

หมาย

mai — To mean; to intend; also a warrant or notice.

คน

khon — A person; human being; classifier for people.

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing a state or action.

คง

khong — Probably; likely; to remain or stay the same.

รักษา

rak sa — To maintain, preserve, or treat medically.

บอก

bok — To tell or inform someone of something.

เลย

loei — At all; so; then; emphatic or resultative particle.

ตั้งใจ

tang chai — To intend; to be determined or pay attention.

แน่วแน่

naeo nae — Firm, resolute, and unwavering in one's determination.

รอด

rot — To survive or escape from danger successfully.

เข้าใจผิด

khao chai phit — To misunderstand; to have a wrong comprehension.

ช้า

cha — Slow; not fast; taking a long time.

ก็

ko — Also; then; discourse particle softening or linking statements.

แสดง

sa daeng — To show, display, or perform for an audience.

เข้มแข็ง

khem khaeng — Strong, tough, and resilient; physically or mentally robust.

ภายใน

phai nai — Within; inside; interior of a space or timeframe.

แค่

khae — Only; just; merely; limiting the extent of something.

ไหน

nai — Where; which; interrogative asking about location or choice.

เช่นกัน

chen kan — Likewise; also; similarly; the same as mentioned.

ถูก

thuk — Correct; cheap; passive marker indicating receiving an action.

กำจัด

kam chat — To eliminate, get rid of, or eradicate something.

สูญพันธุ์

sun phan — To become extinct; a species dying out completely.

จับ

chap — To catch, grab, or arrest someone or something.

ทำ

tham — To do or make; to perform an action.

เชื่อง

chueang — Tame; domesticated; docile and accustomed to humans.

อ้วน

uan — Fat; overweight; having excess body weight.

เพาะพันธุ์

pho phan — To breed or cultivate animals or plants intentionally.

เหมือน

muean — Like; similar to; resembling something else.

วัว

wua — A cow or cattle; a domesticated bovine animal.

น่า

na — Worth doing; likely to cause a feeling or reaction.

สะอิดสะเอียน

sa it sa ian — Disgusting, revolting, or causing extreme nausea.

นึก

nuek — To think of; to recall or imagine something.

ถึง

thueng — To reach; until; about; thinking of someone.

สัตว์เลื้อยคลาน

sat lueai khlan — Reptiles; cold-blooded scaly animals that crawl.

สี

si — Color; one of the visual spectrum properties.

น้ำตาล

nam tan — Brown (color); also means sugar in Thai.

สิ

si — Particle urging or softening a command or suggestion.

จริงๆ

ching ching — Really; truly; an intensifier meaning genuinely or actually.

ดำเนิน

dam noen — To proceed, carry out, or conduct an activity.

ใต้

tai — Under, below, or beneath something; south direction.

เท้า

thao — Foot; the lower extremity of the leg.