The war of the worlds — Page 70

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

เมื่อ

mʉa — When; at the time that something occurred.

รุ่งสาง

rûng sǎang — Dawn; the early light just before sunrise.

มา

maa — To come; movement toward the speaker.

ถึง

thʉng — To reach or arrive at a place or point.

พวก

phûak — Group of people; a collective pronoun marker.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, or they; third-person pronoun.

ก็

kɔ̂ — Then; also; a particle showing consequence or continuation.

สังเกต

sǎng-kèet — To observe or notice something carefully.

เห็น

hěn — To see; to perceive visually.

เครื่องจักร

khrʉ̂ang-jàk — Machine; mechanical device used for work.

รบ

róp — To fight in battle; warfare or combat.

เครื่อง

khrʉ̂ang — Machine, device, or apparatus; also a classifier.

หนึ่ง

nʉ̀ng — One; the number 1.

ยืน

yʉun — To stand upright on one's feet.

อยู่

yùu — To be located; to stay or remain somewhere.

ใกล้

klâi — Near; close in distance to something.

กับ

kàp — With; together with; and (linking nouns).

โรงแรม

roong-rɛɛm — Hotel; a building providing lodging for guests.

แลง

lɛɛng — Evening; late afternoon time of day.

มอง

moong — To look at; to gaze toward something.

ลง

long — To go down; downward movement or direction.

ที่

thîi — At; place; relative pronoun particle in Thai.

พระเจ้า

phrá-jâo — God; a deity or divine being.

เท่านั้น

thâo-nán — Only; just that and nothing more.

รู้

rúu — To know; to have knowledge or awareness.

ว่า

wâa — That; a conjunction introducing a reported clause.

มัน

man — It; informal third-person pronoun for things or animals.

นั่น

nân — That (over there); a demonstrative pronoun.

นาน

naan — Long time; for an extended duration.

แค่

khɛ̂ — Just; only; merely a small amount.

ไหน

nǎi — Where; which; interrogative word for location or choice.

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — Already; then; particle indicating completion of action.

คง

khong — Probably; likely; expressing probability or assumption.

ทำให้

tham-hâi — To cause; to make something happen or occur.

บาง

baang — Some; certain; a few among a group.

คน

khon — Person; people; classifier for human beings.

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a space or group.

กลุ่ม

klùm — Group; cluster of people or things together.

นั้น

nán — That; those; demonstrative pronoun referring to something.

สะดุ้ง

sà-dûng — To startle; to flinch suddenly from surprise.

ตกใจ

tòk-jai — To be startled or frightened suddenly.

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner; kind or type of something.

มาก

mâak — Much; many; a large amount or degree.

เดิน

dəən — To walk; to move on foot.

ตาม

taam — To follow; along; according to something.

ถนน

thà-nǒn — Road; street; a paved path for vehicles.

มุ่ง

mûng — To head toward; to aim or direct oneself.

หน้า

nâa — Face; front; next (as in next page or time).

สู่

sùu — Toward; in the direction of something.

กวาด

kwàat — To sweep; to round up or gather broadly.

จับ

jàp — To catch; to grab or apprehend someone.

เกือบ

kʉ̀ap — Almost; nearly but not quite reaching something.

ร้อย

rɔ́i — Hundred; the number 100.

เมา

mao — Drunk; intoxicated from alcohol.

เกิน

gəən — To exceed; more than a certain limit.

ไป

pai — To go; movement away from the speaker.

หรือ

rʉ̌ʉ — Or; a conjunction presenting alternatives or questions.

กลัว

klua — To fear; to be afraid of something.

กว่า

kwàa — More than; comparative particle in Thai.

จะ

jà — Will; future tense marker or intention particle.

วิ่ง

wîng — To run; to move quickly on foot.

หนี

nǐi — To flee; to escape or run away from danger.

ได้

dâi — Can; able to; also past tense marker.

ภาพ

phâap — Image; picture; visual scene or representation.

แวบวาบ

wɛ̂ep-wâap — Flashing; flickering rapidly with brief bright light.

อัน

an — One; a classifier for various objects in Thai.

น่า

nâa — Worth; deserving of; prefix expressing worthiness.

พิศวง

phít-sà-wong — Amazed; filled with wonder and astonishment.

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

ยุค

yúk — Era; age; a period of historical time.

สมัย

sà-mǎi — Period; era; a time or historical age.

ไม่มี

mâi-mii — There is none; to not have something.

ประวัติศาสตร์

prà-wàt-sàat — History; the study of past events and times.

เล่ม

lêm — Classifier for books, notebooks, or bladed items.

ใด

dai — Any; which; an indefinite or interrogative pronoun.

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — To be able to; capable of doing something.

บรรยาย

ban-yaai — To describe or narrate; to give an account.

ครบถ้วน

khróp-thûan — Complete; fully covering all aspects without omission.

จาก

jàak — From; departing from a place or source.

ตอบ

tɔ̀p — To answer; to respond to a question.

คำถาม

kham-thǎam — Question; an inquiry seeking an answer.

ฉัน

chǎn — I; me; first-person pronoun used by females.

หัน

hǎn — To turn; to rotate one's face or body.

กลับ

klàp — To return; to go back to a place.

พูด

phûut — To speak; to say or talk to someone.

แผนการ

phɛ̌en-gaan — Plan; scheme; a strategy or course of action.

ยิ่งใหญ่

yîng-yài — Grand; magnificent; impressively great or important.

โอ้อวด

ôo-ùat — To boast; to brag about one's achievements.

อีก

ìik — Again; more; another occurrence or addition.

ครั้ง

khráng — Time; occasion; classifier for instances or occurrences.

เริ่ม

rôəm — To begin; to start doing something new.

แสดง

sà-dɛɛng — To show; to perform or demonstrate something.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns.

กระตือรือร้น

krà-tʉʉ-rʉʉ-rón — Enthusiastic; eager and energetically motivated.

ขึ้น

khʉ̂n — To rise; upward movement; becoming more intense.

มี

mii — To have; there is or there are.

วาทศิลป์

wâat-thá-sǐn — Rhetoric; the art of persuasive eloquent speech.

เกี่ยวกับ

kìao-kàp — About; concerning; related to a topic.

เป็นไป

pen-pai — To be possible; to proceed or come to pass.

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

จน

jon — Until; so much that; also means poor.

เชื่อ

chʉ̂a — To believe; to trust or have faith in.

ครึ่ง

khrʉ̂ng — Half; one portion of two equal parts.

แต่

tɛ̀ — But; however; a contrastive conjunction.

บัดนี้

bàt-níi — Now; at this present moment (formal usage).

เข้าใจ

khâo-jai — To understand; to comprehend meaning or situation.

นิสัย

ní-sǎi — Habit; character trait; personal behavioral tendency.

พอ

phɔɔ — Enough; sufficient; just as soon as.

เดา

dao — To guess; to speculate without certain knowledge.

เน้นย้ำ

nén-yám — To emphasize; to stress or reinforce a point.

เรื่อง

rʉ̂ang — Story; matter; topic or subject being discussed.

ไม่

mâi — Not; negation particle for present or future tense.

กระทำ

krà-tham — To act; to do; to commit an action (formal).

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; object; matter or item of any kind.

หุนหันพลันแล่น

hǔn-hǎn-phlan-lɛ̂n — Impulsive; acting rashly without careful thought.

ขณะ

khà-nà — While; at the moment; a brief period of time.

นี้

níi — This; these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby objects.

เลย

ləəi — At all; so; then; an intensifying particle.

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals and clothing.

เอง

eeng — Self; oneself; emphasizing personal action or identity.

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as; to become.

ผู้

phûu — Person who; one who; nominalizing agent prefix.

ต่อสู้

tɔ̀-sûu — To fight; to struggle against opposition or adversity.

หลัง

lǎng — After; back; behind in position or time.

สัก

sàk — Just; about; a particle softening requests or amounts.

พัก

phák — To rest; to take a break from activity.

เรา

rao — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.

ห้อง

hɔ̂ng — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

ใต้ดิน

tâi-din — Underground; below the surface of the earth.

ใคร

khrai — Who; whoever; interrogative pronoun for people.

สอง

sɔ̌ɔng — Two; the number 2.

ดู

duu — To look; to watch; to observe something.

เหมือน

mʉ̌an — Like; similar to; resembling something else.

อยาก

yàak — To want; to desire or wish for something.

ขุด

khùt — To dig; to excavate the ground or earth.

ต่อ

tɔ̀ — To continue; per; connecting or extending something.

แนะนำ

nɛ́-nam — To recommend; to introduce or suggest something.

ให้

hâi — To give; to allow; causative particle in Thai.

รับประทาน

ráp-prà-thaan — To eat; polite formal term for consuming food.

อาหาร

aa-hǎan — Food; meal; nourishment consumed for sustenance.

ไม่ได้

mâi-dâi — Cannot; did not; unable or failed to do.

ปฏิเสธ

pà-tì-sèet — To refuse; to deny or decline something offered.

กลาย

klaai — To become; to transform into something else.

ใจกว้าง

jai-kwâang — Generous; broad-minded; having a giving spirit.

กะทันหัน

kà-than-hǎn — Sudden; abrupt; happening without prior warning.

เสร็จ

sèt — Finished; done; completed an activity or task.

ออก

ɔ̀ɔk — Out; to exit; to come or go outside.

พร้อม

phrɔ́om — Ready; prepared; together with simultaneously.

ชั้น

chán — Floor; level; layer; a tier or rank.

เยี่ยม

yîam — Excellent; great; to visit someone or somewhere.

มวน

muan — Classifier for cigarettes or rolled items.

จุด

jùt — To light; a dot or point; to ignite something.

เหล่า

lào — Those; a group of; plural classifier for people.

โลก

lôok — World; the earth; global or worldwide scope.

แง่ดี

ngɛ̂-dii — Positive aspect; optimistic viewpoint or perspective.

เจิดจรัส

jə̀ət-jà-ràt — Brilliant; shining brightly with splendor and radiance.

แนวโน้ม

nɛɛo-nôom — Trend; tendency; inclination toward a direction.

โอกาส

oo-kàat — Opportunity; chance; a favorable circumstance.

บ้าง

bâang — Some; somewhat; a little bit of something.

กล่าว

klàao — To say; to state formally; to mention something.

ดี

dii — Good; fine; positive quality or condition.

ด้วย

dûai — Also; too; with; together with something else.

ริม

rim — Edge; beside; along the border of something.

แม่น้ำ

mɛ̂ɛ-náam — River; a large natural flowing body of water.

นี่

nîi — Here; this (close by); informal demonstrative pronoun.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

เจ้า

jâo — You (informal/archaic); owner; lord or master.

บ้าน

bâan — House; home; one's place of residence.